Science Year 7 & 8

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Lower Secondary Science Scheme of Work for SECONDARY ONE

No. Topic / Sub-topic Objectives Time Frame (Weeks)

Suggested Activities / Resources

1.0 INTRODUCING SCIENCE

Students should be able to: 11

1.1 Laboratory safety • state the basic laboratory safety rules including the standard evacuation procedure in case of fire in the laboratories;

• explain first aid treatment in common laboratory mishaps (chemical spills on body and eye, burn from hot water or apparatus);

• Practical Activity 1.1 • OHT 1.1 • OHT1.5 a • OHT 1.5 b

1.2 Handling common laboratory apparatus

• identify common laboratory apparatus and state their functions (test tube, dropper, evaporating dish, conical flask, boiling tube, test tube holder, glass rod, beaker, measuring cylinder, dropper, evaporating dish, conical flask, filter funnel, wire gauze, tripod stand);

• draw sectional diagrams of common laboratory apparatus; • identify the different parts of a Bunsen burner or Labo gas

burner (chimney, collar and air hole); • state the function of the different parts of a Bunsen burner

and Labo gas burner; • carry out the proper technique of lighting a Labo gas

burner;

• Practical Activity 1.2 • Practical Activity 1.3

(Part A and B only) • Practical Activity 1.4 • OHT 1.2 and overlay

OHT 1.2

1.3 Measurements • show an awareness of the limitations of human sense organs and thus the need for measuring instruments;

• state the SI units for length, area, volume, time, mass and temperature;

• carry out inter-conversion of units e.g. kilometres to metres, centimetres to metres and kilograms to grams;

• Practical Activity 1.5

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1.3.1 Length, area and volume

• recognise how to read meter rule correctly (parallax error); • calculate the area of a regular-shaped object; • estimate the approximate area of an irregular-shaped object

e.g. the palm of the hand, the foot or the leaf; • calculate the volume of a regular-shaped object; • recognise how to read the volume using the meniscus level

of the measuring cylinder; • carry out an activity to find the volume of an irregular-

shaped object using the displacement of liquid method;

• Practical Activity 1.6 Part A only (Part B can be done as homework).


1.3.2 Mass and time • show proficiency in the proper use of stopwatch, stop clock, beam balance and electronic balance;

• show an awareness of the accuracy of an electronic balance;


1.3.3 Density • define density as mass of a substance in one cubic centimetre;

• use the formula of density in calculations; • state that solids of the same substance have the same

density irrespective of shape and size. • carry out an activity to find out that different substances will

have different densities; • recognise that floating depends on the density of matter with

reference to: i) floating of a liquid on another liquid (limit to two

liquids only); and ii) floating of a solid on a liquid;

• Practical Activity 1.10 • Practical Activity 1.11 • Practical Activity 1.12

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1.3.4 Temperature • state that temperature is a measure of the degree of hotness or coldness;

• show an understanding of the safety precautions when handling the mercury thermometer;

• read the mercury and alcohol thermometers; • state the limitations of mercury and alcohol thermometers; • state the fixed points (ice point and steam point);


1.4 Process skills in scientific investigations

• show an understanding that in carrying out scientific experiments, three basic steps are �recognised e.g. planning, observation and conclusion; and

• recognise that in carrying out scientific experiments, basic science process skills are required (observing, recording, measuring, communicating).


2.0 WATER Students should be able to: 3 • http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk

2.1 States of water • state the three states of water: solid (ice), liquid (water) and gas (steam);

• observe the changes of water in different states of matter (with reference to boiling point, melting point and freezing point);

• state the difference between evaporation and boiling in terms of temperature;

• demonstrate and state that a solid (solute) dissolves in water (solvent) to form a solution with reference to salt, sugar, sodium hydroxide pellet, copper sulphate;

• state that gases also dissolve in water with reference to carbon dioxide and ammonia gas only;

• Practical Activity 2.1 • OHT 7.1 and overlay OHT

7.1

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2.2 Separation technique • use appropriate techniques for separating constituents of mixtures by physical means (i.e. filtration, evaporation, chromatography and distillation);

• describe and use paper chromatography; and • interpret chromatograms in terms of the number of different dyes

present. Use only food colourings and ink.

• Practical Activity 2.2 • Practical Activity 2.3 • Practical Activity 2.4 • OHT 2.6 a and 2.6 b

3.0 CLASSIFICATION Students should be able to: 3 • http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/websites/11_16/site/science.shtml

3.1 Characteristics of living things

• list the main differences between living and non living things;

3.2 Diversity and classification of plants and animals

• recognise that there is a variety of plants and animals which can be grouped on the basis of observable external characteristics;

• classify an assortment of objects based on observable features e.g. colour, shape, size, smell as an introduction to classification skill;

• classify plants and animals according to common observable characteristics into Plants: algae, fern, seed plants (flowering and non-flowering plants); Animals: animals without backbones (worms, �molluscs, arthropods); animals with backbones (fishes, reptiles, mammals, amphibians and birds);

• construct a simple classification key and use it to identify organisms; and

• show an awareness of the existence of microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria and viruses which are not classified as either plants or animals;

• Practical Activity 3.1 • Practical Activity 3.2 • Practical Activity 3.3 • Practical Activity 3.4 • Practical Activity 3.5 • OHT 4.1 and overlay OHT

4.1 • OHT 4.2 and overlay OHT



4.4

4.0 FORCES Students should be able to: 3 • http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/websites/11_16/site/science.shtml

4.1 Types of forces • identify the different forms of forces (i.e. push, pull, friction, force of gravity, magnetic force and turning) and what they can do;

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4.2 Effects of forces • observe and infer the effects of forces through experiments and students’ daily experiences that a force can produce: i) change in speed; ii) change in direction; iii) change in size; and iv) change in shape;


4.3 Measurement of forces

• measure force using spring balance and state the unit of force as Newton (N);

• differentiate between force in Newtons and energy in Joules;


4.4 Line graphs • show an understanding of what a line graph is; • plot a line graph including how to set the scale for the

horizontal and vertical axes; • read and interpret line graphs;

4.5 Pressure • define pressure as force per unit area; • relate pressure with force and area: Pressure = Force Area • state that 1 N/m2 = 1 Pa; • calculate pressure from force and the area on which it acts; • perform simple calculations to determine the pressure in N/m2 or

N/cm2 or in Pa exerted by a body such as a brick, a slab, a boy, a box and so on;

• state that pressure in a liquid: i) acts throughout the liquid in all directions; and ii) increases with depth;

• explain pressure in a gas using the particle model; • state that the atmospheric pressure is due to the weight of the

air; • state that the normal atmospheric pressure at sea level is

760mm of mercury; and




4.5 Pressure • state that a barometer ( mercury and aneroid) is used to measure atmospheric pressure.

5.0 CELL STRUCTURE AND ORGANISATION

Students should be able to: 4 • http:lgfl.skoool.co.uk

5.1 Basic microscopy and scientific drawing skills

• identify the basic parts of a microscope (mirror, stage, large knob, small knob, eyepiece, objective lens, tube, clips) and state the function of each part.

• show proficiency in mounting a specimen on a microscope slide. • prepare fresh biological specimen (cheek cell and onion cell) • draw biological specimen through observation under a

microscope of a prepared slide

• Practical Activity 5.1 • OHT 1.3 and overlay OHT 1.3

5.2 Main structures of plant and animal cells

• identify and draw simple cell structures of a plant and animal cells by microscopic and photographic study;

• state the functions of cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and vacuole;

• list the differences between plant and animal cells

• Practical Activity 5.2 • Practical Activity 5.3 • Practical Activity 5.4 • http://www.bbc.o.uk/schools/

websites/11_16/site/science.shtml

5.3 Tissues, organ and system

• recognise the importance of division of labour and that in multicellular organisms, cells are organised into:

Tissue organ system • give examples of some systems to explain the concept of the

importance of cellular organisations;

• http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/websites/11_16/site/science.

shtml

5.4 Gross structure and functions of body systems

• identify the main organs of digestive, transport, breathing and reproductive systems; and

• state the gross function of each of the body systems.


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http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/websites/11_16/site/science


No. Topic / Sub-topic Objectives Time Frame

(Weeks) Suggested Activities /

Resources

6.0 ENERGY, WORK AND POWER


6.1 Sources and forms of energy

• state that energy is the capacity to do work; • identify the various sources of energy (sun, wind, fossil fuels,

food and batteries); • identify the different forms of energy (stored or potential energy,

kinetic energy, heat energy, light energy, sound energy, chemical energy, nuclear energy and electrical energy);

• list some of the energy resources in Brunei Darussalam;

• Practical Activity 6.1 • Practical Activity 6.2 • OHT 3.1 • http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/

websites/11_16/site/science. shtml

6.2 Conversion of energy

• state that one form of energy can be converted to another e.g; Potential energy Kinetic energy • identify the energy conversions in everyday applications

including energy converters;

• Practical Activity 6.3 • Practical Activity 6.4 • OHT 3.3

6.3 Conservation of energy

• state that in any energy conversion, the total amount of energy is conserved (conservation of energy in energy converters, simple systems e.g. electric lamp, hydroelectric plant and a free-falling body);

• identify the unit for energy in SI unit as the joules (J); • state that 1 J of energy is required to lift 1 Newton of weight

through a vertical distance of 1 m;

• http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/websites/11_16/site/science.

shtml

6.4 Work • relate work to the product of the force and the distance moved in the direction of the force i.e;

Work (J) = Force (N) x Distance (m) • identify the unit of work in SI unit as the joule (J); • perform calculations involving force and distance moved;


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6.5 Power • relate power to the rate of work done and measured in watts i.e; Power (Watts) = Work (Energy) Time • calculate a student’s power when he runs up a flight of steps; and • differentiate between the units of energy (J), force (N) and power

(W).


7.0 PLANT AND ANIMAL NUTRITION


7.1 Photosynthesis • outline the process of photosynthesis by which plants manufacture food using raw materials (mention conversion of light energy to chemical energy) in the form of word equation;

• state the conditions (chlorophyll and light) and raw materials (carbon dioxide and water) which are necessary for photosynthesis;

• Practical Activity 7.1 • OHT 9.5 and overlay OHT

9.5 • http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ websites/11_16/site/science. shtml

7.2 Food and its importance

• state that plants are the primary food source; • infer that food is a source of energy for living things; • identify and describe the dietary importance of the main classes

of food (protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, mineral salts including water and roughage);

7.3 Classes of food • compare the relative energy values of fats, carbohydrates and proteins;

• investigate and describe one test for starch, sugar, protein and fat;

• Practical Activity 7.2 • Practical Activity 7.3 • OHT 9.1

7.4 Balanced diet • explain the need for a balanced diet; • state the effects of unbalanced diet with reference to obesity and

coronary related conditions;

• OHT 9.2

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http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/

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7.5 Food additives and food processing

• show awareness of the harmful effects of processed food: i) children become too active; ii) obesity; and iii) cancer-causing;

• Practical Activity 7.4 • http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ websites/11_16/site/science. shtml

7.6 Structure and function of teeth

• state the different types of teeth in human beings; • state the function of each of the different types of teeth in human

beings; • describe the role of teeth in mastication; • state that there are two different sets of teeth in human beings

(milk teeth and permanent teeth);

• Practical Activity 7.5 • OHT 9.3 and overlay OHT 9.3

7.7 Digestion in animals

• state reasons why food must be digested; • identify the main structures of the alimentary canal (mouth,

salivary glands, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, rectum and anus;

• state the main function (s) of the structures of the alimentary canal (mouth, stomach, small intestine and large intestine);

• describe how the digestive system helps in the digestion and assimilation of food and the part played by teeth and enzymes in digestion (limit to the three classes of enzymes: carbohydrases, proteases and lipases); and

• investigate how insoluble starch can be converted by saliva into a soluble form before diffusion can take place;

• Practical Activity 7.6 • OHT 9.4 and overlay OHT 9.4 • http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ websites/11_16/site/science. shtml



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Lower Secondary Science Scheme of Work for Secondary Two

8.0 REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS


8.1 Floral parts • identify the main floral parts of a named insect pollinated flower (petal, sepal, anther, filament, stamen, stigma, style, ovary, ovule and carpel);


• state the functions of the main floral parts; • draw the main floral parts of a named insect pollinated flower

using scientific drawing skills;

8.2 Pollination • state that pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from an anther to a stigma;


• list the agents of pollination; • briefly describe the floral parts associated with pollination and

the role of insects in pollination;

8.3 Seed dispersal • describe the mechanism and importance of seed dispersal with reference to a named local seed or fruit;

• show awareness that plants have different methods of dispersal;


8.4 Germination • observe different stages of seed germination; and • investigate conditions necessary for germination.


9.0 MATTER Students should be able to: 4 9.1 Matter around us • state some basic resources on the earth (water, air, rocks, soil,

living things);

• show awareness of the abundance of the earth’s resources; • show awareness of the everyday use of the earth’s resources

and their exhaustibility;

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9.2 States of matter • state that matter exists as solids, liquids and gases; • explain the properties of the three states of matter with

reference to the Kinetic Theory of matter;

• list the properties of matter in terms of shape, volume and mass;

• classify some of earth’s resources into respective states of matter;

• Practical Activity 9.1 • Practical Activity 9.2 • Practical Activity 9.3 • Practical Activity 9.4

9.3 Movement of particles

• state diffusion as the movement of particles; • observe and explain the movement of particles in solid, liquid

and gas;


9.4 Elements, compounds and mixtures

• define the terms element, compound and mixture; • identify examples of elements, compounds and mixtures; • state that elements combine to form compounds; and

• state the properties of compounds and mixtures;

• Practical Activity 9.7 • Practical Activity 9.8 • Practical Activity 9.9 • Practical Activity 9.10

10.0 MAGNETISM Students should be able to: 2 10.1 Magnets and

magnetic field • observe that a freely-suspended magnet comes to rest in

North-South direction;

• state that a magnet has two poles; • infer that like poles repel; unlike poles attract; • infer that there is a magnetic field around a magnet ;

• identify a magnetic material experimentally; • state that iron, steel, nickel and cobalt are magnetic materials; • observe and draw magnetic field patterns using iron filings: i) around a magnet; ii) between two like poles arranged end to end; and iii) between two unlike poles arranged end to end. • list some of the uses of magnets in everyday applications.

• http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk • Practical Activity 10.1 • Practical Activity 10.2 • Practical Activity 10.3 • Practical Activity 10.4

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11.0 GASES Students should be able to: 3 11.1 Gases in the air • list the constituents of gases in the air in percentages (%);

11.2 Properties of gases • briefly describe the physical and chemical properties of the gases in the air (oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, noble gases and water vapour);

• differentiate oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and water vapour through simple laboratory tests;

• list the uses of the gases (oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and noble gases);


11.3 Hydrogen • state the properties of hydrogen; • describe the preparation and collection of hydrogen by the

reaction of reactive metals on dilute acids; • state the word equation for the preparation of hydrogen gas;

and • state the uses of hydrogen.


12.0 ABUSES TO LIFE PROCESSES


12.1 Drugs • state the definition of drugs; • describe some uses of drugs; • list some commonly abused drugs; • list some signs and symptoms shown by a person addicted

to drugs; • state the consequences of drug abuse in relation to

addiction, crime and transmission of AIDS; • show an awareness of the existing laws concerning abused

drugs and the role of the Anti Narcotics Bureau in Brunei Darussalam;


12.2 Alcohol • state the harmful effects of excessive consumption of alcohol by an alcoholic;

• state the consequences of harmful effects of alcoholics on their families and the community;

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12.3 Tobacco • list the harmful chemicals present in tobacco smoke (tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide);

• state the harmful effects of active and passive smoking; and • state ways to encourage public to refrain from smoking;

13.0 CURRENT ELECTRICITY


13.1 Electric current • state that electricity is the flow of electrons; • state that the dry cell drives the electrons around a complete

circuit in one direction;

13.2 Simple electric circuits

• identify symbols of simple electric components (dry cell, switch, lamp, resistor, ammeter and voltmeter);

• carry out investigations to set up simple electric circuits in series and parallel;

• draw simple electric circuit diagrams for series and parallel circuits;

• infer that a resistor will reduce the current in an electric circuit; • carry out investigations to connect ammeters and voltmeters

correctly to an electric circuit and take readings correctly; • describe the effects of increasing number of:

i) cells in series and parallel; and ii) lamps in series and parallel by measuring the voltage and

current flow; • infer that resistance is the opposition to the flow of current; • calculate the effective resistance when resistors are connected:

i) in series; and ii) in parallel;

• state the unit of resistance as ohm;

• Practical Activity 13.1 • Practical Activity 13.2 • Practical Activity 13.3 • Practical Activity 13.4 • Practical Activity 13.5 • Practical Activity 13.6 • Practical Activity 13.7 • Practical Activity 13.8 • Practical Activity 13.9 • Practical Activity 13.10 • Practical Activity 13.11 • Practical Activity 13.12 • Practical Activity 13.13 • Practical Activity 13.14

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13.3 Household wiring and safety devices

• construct a circuit with two or more lamps and switches to operate them independently;

• explain the function of a fuse; • explain the function of earthing the metal casing of an

electrical appliance; • carry out wiring a three pin fused plug correctly; and • describe safety rules in the use of electricity.


14.0 ACIDS, ALKALIS & SALTS


14.1 Acids and alkalis • state the properties of acids and alkalis; • list some chemicals which dissolve in water to produce acids

or alkalis;


14.2 Neutralisation • define neutralisation; • state the word equation for neutralisation; • state the importance of neutralisation in daily life; • observe and describe the effects of various solutions on

litmus paper and classify them as acids, alkalis or neutral solutions; and

• compare the degree of acidity / alkalinity of the solution given by using pH paper / Universal Indicator / pH meter.


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15.0 TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN HUMAN BEINGS


15.1 Structure of the heart

• state the function of the heart; • briefly describe the transport (circulatory) system in human

beings with reference to the heart and blood vessels; • identify the main parts of the heart and the main blood

vessels ( the four chambers, pulmonary artery, aorta, vena cava and valve);


15.2 Blood • identify the three main types of blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries) and state the function of each blood vessel;

• state the functions of the blood; and • list the substances that are transported by the blood

(oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients and waste products); and • show an awareness of the heartbeat, pulse and blood

pressure.

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16.0 REPRODUCTION IN HUMAN BEINGS


16.1 Male and female reproductive organs

• draw and identify the male and female reproductive organs; • state the functions of the male and female reproductive

organs;


16.2 Sexual characteristics

• show an awareness of the physical changes during puberty; • briefly describe the menstrual cycle with reference to

ovulation, fertilisation and menstruation;

• state that ovulation is the ejection of an egg from the ovary; • state that fertilisation is the fusion of a sperm and an egg and

which occurs in the oviduct; • state that menstruation is the erosion of the uterine lining in

the absence of fertilisation;


16.3 Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)

• show awareness of causes and harmful effects of sexually transmitted diseases (syphilis, gonorrhoea, AIDS); and

• state ways how to prevent sexually transmitted diseases.

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Summary of Topics Selected in Lower Secondary Science Syllabus (Interim Stage)

Bil. Topic / Subtopic /Additional Topic Yr.1 Yr.2 Yr.3 & Yr.4 / Yr.5

Omit Tching Weeks

Reason / Remarks

1.0 Introducing Science

1.1 Laboratory safety

• state the basic laboratory safety rules including the standard evacuation procedure in case of fire in the laboratories.

• explain first aid treatment in common laboratory mishaps (chemical spills on body and eye, burn from not water or apparatus)


• identify the different parts of a bunsen burner and Labo gas burner.

• carry out the proper technique of lighting a Labo gas burner.

• state the function of the different parts of a Bunsen burner and Labo gas burner.

• Identify common laboratory apparatus and state their functions (test tube, boiling tube, test tube holder, glass rod, beaker, measuring cylinder, dropper, evaporating dish, conical flask, filter funnel, wire gauze, tripod stand)

• draw sectional diagrams of common laboratory apparatus.

1.3 Measurements

• show an awareness of the limitations of human sense organs and thus the need for measuring instruments.

• state the SI units for length, area, volume, time, mass and temperature.

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Omit Tching Weeks

Reason / Remarks

• carry out inter-conversion of units e.g. kilometers to metres, centimeters to metres and kilograms to grams.

1.31 Length, area and volume

• recognise how to read the volume using the meniscus level of the measuring cylinder.

• recognise how to read metre rule correctly (parallax error)

• calculate the area of a regular-shaped object.

• estimate the approximate area of an irregular-shaped object e.g. the palm of the hand, the foot or the leaf.

• carry out an activity to find the volume of an irregular-shaped object using the displacement of liquid method.

1.32 Mass and time

• show proficiency in the proper use of stopwatch, stopclock, beam balance and electronic balance.

• show an awareness of the accuracy of an electronic balance.

1.33 Density

• define density as mass of a substance in one cubic centimetre.

• use the formula of density in calculations

• show an awareness that solids of the same substance have the same density irrespective of shape and size and that two different substances will have different densities.

• recognise that floating depends on the density of matter with reference to floating of a liquid on another liquid and floating of a solid on a liquid (limit to two liquids only).

• Transfer from Yr. 2 of “Water”, to keep topics on “Density” together.

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Bil. Topic / Subtopic /Additional Topic Yr.1 Yr.2 Yr.3 &

Yr.4 / Yr.5 Omit Tching

Weeks Reason / Remarks

1.34 Temperature

• state that temperature is a measure of the degree of hotness or coldness.

• show an understand of the safety precautions when handling the mercury thermometer.

• read the mercury and alcohol thermometers.

• state the limitations of mercury and alcohol thermometers.

• state the fixed points (ice point and steam point).

• Calibration of thermometer • Transfer to Yr.3 because students find it difficult to understand at Yr.1

• Clinical thermometer • Done in Comb.Sci & Pure Phys.

1.4 • Process skills in scientific investigations

• show an understanding that in carrying out scientific experiments, three basic steps are practised e.g. planning, observation and conclusion.

• recognise that in carrying out scientific experiments, basic science process skills are required (observing, recording, measuring, communicating).

2.0 Water

2.1 States of water

• Existence of water in the form of ice, liquid and steam

• Water cycle in nature: evaporation, condensation • Not done in Comb.Sci or Pure Sciences

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Omit Tching Weeks

Reason / Remarks

• Boiling and freezing of water. Simple idea in terms of temperature to show differences between boiling and evaporation of water

• Substances that are soluble in water. Introduction to the idea of solute, solvent and solution.

2.2 Solubility of water

• Effects of temperatures on solubility (simple experiments to illustrate these)

• Done in Comb.Sci & Pure Chem

• Solubility of gases in water with reference to SO2, CO2, O2 and NH3


• The importance of dissolved gases in water with CO2 and O2 e.g. maintaining aquatic life in water. Mention sea water has dissolved gases.


• Purification of water for drinking purposes • Done in Comb.Sci & Pure Chem

• Different stages in the purification of water supply • Done in Comb.Sci & Pure Chem

• Conservation of water • Done in Comb.Sci & Pure Chem

• Construction of a simple water filter in the laboratory • Not done in Comb. Sci & Pure Chem

2.3 Separation technique • Transfer from “Matter”

• Separation techniques of mixture by physical means (e.g. filtration, evaporation, chromatography, distillation)

• Delete “crystallisation” because explanation of saturated solution is transferred to Yrs.3 & 4.

• Describe and use paper chromatography

• Interpret chromatograms in terms of the number of different dyes present. Use only food colourings and ink.

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3.0 Classification

3.1 Characteristics of living things


• Variety of plants and animals in Negara Brunei Darussalam

• Introduction to classification

• Use of classification key

4.0 Forces

4.1 Types of forces • Teach only push, pull, friction and turning as example of forces.

• Compression and tension transferred to Yr.3 because done in Pure Physics

• Lever • “Lever” is not done in Comb.Sci & Pure Physics

4.2 Effects of forces

• Change in speed, direction, shape and size

4.3 Measurement of force

• Unit of force as Newton (N)

• show an understanding what is a line graph.

• show an understanding how to plot a line graph including how to divide the scale on the horizontal and vertical axes.

• read and interpret line graphs.

• “Line graph” is a new sub-topic. This is added in order to reinforce on practical skills at an early stage.

• It is done in context with the activity of measuring the weight of objects and other concrete examples are used.

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4.4 Pressure • “Effect and application of atmospheric pressure” transferred to Yr.3 because done in Pure Physics

• Relationship of a force, area and pressure (N / m2)

• Pressure exerted by solid, liquid and gas including atmospheric pressure

5.0 Cell Structure and organisation • “Recognise the relationship between structure and function of specialised cells: root hair, xylem vessel, phloem, red blood cells and white blood cells” transferred to Yr.3 since it is done in Comb.Sci & Pure Bio.

5.1 Basic microscopy and scientific drawing skills • New sub-topic introduced in context. To reinforce on practical skills at an early stage.

• identify the basic parts of a microscope(mirror, stage, large knob, small knob, eyepiece, objective lens, tube, clips) and state the function of each part.

• show proficiency in mounting a specimen on a microscope slide.

• prepare fresh biological specimen (cheek cell and onion cell)

• draw biological specimen through observation under a microscope of a prepared slide.

5.2 Main structure of plant and animal cells

5.3 Tissues, organs and systems

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5.4 Different major tissues and organs

5.5 Gross structure of some body systems and their importance




Energy

• Heat and our sense of touch

• Light energy and our sight

• Sound energy and our hearing

• The topic on “Energy” is completely transferred to Yr.3 & 4 since it is done in Comb.Sci & Pure Sciences.

6.0 Energy, Work and Power • This topic is transferred from Yr.3 to Yr.1 because it provides good basic knowledge for pupils .

• This topic is also combined with “Energy Around Us” which is Yr.1

6.1 Sources and forms of energy

• Sources to include the sun, wind, fossil fuels, food and batteries

• Forms of energy to include stored or potential energy, kinetic, heat, light, sound and electrical energy

• Illustrate potential energy in springs, pendulums and masses at a height above the ground. Mention nuclear energy.

6.2 Conversion of energy

• One form of energy can be converted to another e.g. potential energy to kinetic energy

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6.3

Conservation of energy

• Discuss the conservation of energy in energy converters, simple systems like an electric lamp, a hydro-electric plant and a free-falling body.

• Unit of energy is Joule (J)




6.4 Work

• Unit of work (energy) is Joule. W = F x d (Calculations using the work equation may be set)

6.5 Power

• Unit of power is watt

• Rate of work (energy) is power. P =W / t (Students should perform experiments to estimate power when they run up a flight of steps.

• Emphasis on concept attainment of energy (J), work (J), force (N) and power (W)

7.0 Plant nutrition • This topic is transferred from Yr.2 to Yr.1 since it is only a small topic.

7.1 Photosynthesis

• Mention conversion of light energy to chemical energy

• Encourage pupils to plan / manage their investigations where applicable

• Done in Pure Biology • Two new objectives added: • state the equation for

photosynthesis in words • state and explain how a leaf

is modified for photosynthesis

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7.2 Animal Nutrition

7.21 Nutrition

• Food and its importance

• Classes of food

• Foods tests

• Balanced diet




• Food additives and food processing

7.3 Dentition and dental care • Done in Comb.Sci & Pure Bio.

7.4 Structure and function of teeth

7.5 Action of bacteria on teeth • Done in Comb.Sci & Pure Bio.

• Dental health • Done in Comb.Sci & Pure Bio.

7.6 Digestion in animals

• Plant nutrition • Transferred to Yr.1 since the content is simple enough to be understood by students.

7.7 Respiration

• Aerobic cellular respiration • Done in Comb.Sci & Pure Bio.

7.8 Transport

• Importance of water • Done in Comb.Sci & Pure Bio.

• Transport in plants • Done in Comb.Sci & Pure Bio.

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• Transport of animals • Done in Yr.2 as a separate topic entitled “Blood Circulatory System”




8.0 Reproduction in plants

8.1 Floral parts

• Floral parts and functions of a named insect pollinated flower

• Drawing of biological specimen • This new sub-topic is introduced in context. Students can practise their scientific drawing skills with the flowers.

8.2 Pollination

• Agents of pollination

• Self and cross pollination. • Done in Comb.Sci & Pure Bio.

8.3 Seed dispersal

• Methods of seed dispersal

• Importance of seed dispersal

• Fertilisation and seed formation • Done in Comb.Sci & Pure Bio.

8.4 Germination

• Germination of a bean seed

9.0 Matter • This topic is transferred from Yr.1 toYr.2 because it is difficult for students to understand in Yr.1

9.1 Matter around us

• Some basic resources on earth e.g. water, air, rocks,

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soil, living things

9.2 States of matter.

• Introduce physical properties of matter with reference to water, air, soil and other basic earth’s resources




9.3 Movement of particles

• Gas, liquid and semi-solid. Diffusion of gases and liquids.

• Changes of matter. Temporary and permanent change of matter and their examples

• Not needed in Comb.Sci & Pure Sciences.

9.4 Kinetic Theory of matter.

• Simple treatment in terms of movement of atoms and molecules.

9.5 Elements, compounds and mixtures.

• Elements as building blocks of mixtures and compounds.

• Elements as building blocks of matter

• Elements from the Periodic Table

• Properties of mixtures and compounds

10. Magnetism

10.1 Magnets and magnetic field

• Properties of a magnet

• Methods of making magnets • Done in Comb.Sci & Pure Phys.

• Magnetic fields around magnet • Delete “observe and draw magnetic field patterns using iron filings around current-carrying wire.

10.2 Electromagnetism

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• Magnetic effect of electromagnet • Done in Comb.Sci & Pure Phys.

• Factors affecting strength of electromagnet • Done in Comb.Sci & Pure Phys.




10.3 Application of magnetism

• List should include electric motors, loud-speakers, microphones, door stoppers and notice board buttons

• Done in Pure Phys.

• Fundamental ideas of the relationship between electricity and magnetism

• Done in Pure Phys.

11.0 Gases

11.1 Gases in the air

• Composition of air in the atmosphere

11.2 Properties of air

• Physical and chemical properties of gases in the air : oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapour and noble gases

• Carry out simple gas test of carbon dioxide, oxygen and water vapour

11.3 Hydrogen

• Preparation of hydrogen gas.

• Properties and uses of hydrogen gas.

• Simple gas test of hydrogen gas

11.4 Air pollution

• Air pollution and disruption of air composition • Done in Comb.Sci. & Pure Bio.

• Green house effect • Done in Comb.Sci. & Pure Bio.

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12.0 Abuses to life processes

12.1 Drugs

• Abuse of drugs

12.2 Alcohol

12.3 Tobacco

12.4 AIDS

13.0 Current electricity

13.1 Electric current

• Atomic structure • Done in Pure Phys.

• Electricity as the flow of electrons

• A cell makes the electrons to flow in one direction (conventional direction)

13.2 Simple electric circuits

• Simple circuit diagrams

• Series and parallel circuits

• Circuit symbols

• Resistors in electrical circuits

• Use of ammeters and voltmeters

• Effects of increasing the number of cells in series and parallel.

• Resistors in series and parallel

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Omit Tching Weeks

Reason / Remarks

13.3 Household wiring and safety devices

• Functions of a switch

• Wiring a three pin fused plug

• The International colour code (old and new)

• Electricity bill • Not required to know since some meters are prepaid already.

• Rules and precautions to be taken with respect to electricity

14.0 Acids, alkalis and salts

14.1 Acids and alkalis

• Properties of acids and alkalis

• Substances which dissolve in water to produce acids or alkali

14.2 Neutralisation

• Uses of pH paper, litmus paper, universal indicator, pH meter

14.3 Action of metals on acids and water • Done in Comb.Sci & Pure Chem.

15.0 Transport system in human beings

15.1 Structure of the heart

• Heart and the main blood vessels in the transport system in human beings

15.2 Functions of the blood

• Substances transported by the blood

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16.0 Reproduction in human beings

16.1 Male and female reproductive organs

• Gross structure and functions of the male and female reproductive organs

16.2 Sexual characteristics

• Secondary sexual characteristics

• Menstrual cycle

16.3 Sexually transmitted diseases

• Causes and harmful effecrs of sexually transmitted diseases such as AIDS, syphilis and gonorrhoea.

16.4 Gestation, giving birth and parental care • Not needed in Combined Sci & Pure Biology.

16.5 Health care and health services • Not needed in “O” Level.

17.0 Living things and their ecosystems • Done in Combined Sci & Pure Biology.

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Comparison of Current and Interim Stage Lower Secondary Science Syllabus

Current Topics in Lower Secondary Science Syllabus Topics in Lower Secondary Science (Interim Stage) Menengah 1 Menengah 2 Menengah 3 Year 1 Year 2

1. Introducing science 7. Water and solutions 11. Reproduction in plants and animals

1.0 Introducing science (11)

8.0 Reproduction in plants (3)

1.1 Laboratory safety 7.1 Water 11.1 Sexual reproduction in a named flowering plant

2.0 Water (3)

9.0 Matter (4)


7.2 Hydrogen, acids, alkalis and salts

11.2 Sexual reproduction in human beings

3.0 Classification (3)

10.0 Magnetism (2)

1.3 Measurements 7.3 Action of metals on acids and water

11.3 Health care and health services

4.0 Forces (3)

11.0 Gases (3)

1.4 Skills in the scientific approach 8. Energy 12. Forces at work 5.0 Cell structure and organisation (4)

12.0 Abuses to life processes (3)

2. Matter 8.1 Heat and our sense of touch

12.1 Lever and turning forces 6.0 Energy, work and power (3)

13.0 Current electricity (8)

2.1 Matter around us 8.2 Light energy and our sight 12.2 Pressure 7.0 Plant and animal nutrition (3)

14.0 Acids, alkalis and salts (3)

2.2 Gases in the air 8.3 Sound energy and our hearing

12.3 Energy, work and power Total = 31 weeks 15.0 Transport system in human beings (2)

3. Energy around Us 9. Life processes and abuses

13. Living things and their ecosystems

16.0 Reproduction in human beings (3)

3.1 Sources and forms of energy 9.1 Nutrition 13.1 Energy flow and nutrient cycles

Total = 31 weeks

3.2 Transformation of energy 9.2 Respiration 13.2 Interdependence 3.3 Conservation of energy 9.3 Transport 14. Magnetism 4. Grouping of living things 9.4 Abuses to life processes 14.1 Magnets and magnetic

fields

4.1 Characteristics of living things 10.0 Electricity and its applications at home

14.2 Electromagnetism


10.1 More on electrical circuits 14.3 Application of magnetism

4.3 Cell structure, organisation and systems

10.2 Resistors in series and parallel

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5. Basic ideas of electricity 10.3 Household wiring and

safety devices

5.1 Electric current 5.2 Simple electrical circuits 5.3 Use of ammeters and

voltmeters

6. Forces in our everyday life 6.1 Types of forces 6.2 Effects of force 6.3 Measurement of force

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LIST OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS

Chairman : Awang Hj Zulkifli bin Hj Md Yusuf Curriculum Development Department

Deputy Chairman : Dayang Hjh Siti Hamizah binti Abdullah Curriculum Development Department

Secretary : Awang Ng Thye Wan Curriculum Development Department

Members : Dayang Hasliza binti Hj Sapar Sekolah Menengah Sultan Sharif Ali Dayang Hjh Rosinah binti Hj Sabli Maktab Sains Paduka Seri Begawan Sultan Dayang Susan Philipose Sekolah Menengah Sayyidina Husain Dayang Hjh Junaidah binti Hj Tahir Sekolah Menengah Sultan Muhammad Jamalul Alam Dayang Yong Sui Yan Sekolah Menengah Menglait Awang Hj Md Izul Akmal bin Hj Salleh Sekolah Menengah Rimba Awang Md Sabri bin Judin Sekolah Menengah Rimba

Documents

Science Year 7 & 8