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R. Scott Fenwick
Tuesday, 02/15/11
Title: The Scientific Revolution, lesson 2
Unit: Enlightenment and Revolutions (Unit 10)
Subject & Grade Level: World History (Academic Core) - 10th grade
Objectives (Students will be able to...):
• Explain the difference between the geocentric theory of the universe and theheliocentric theory of the universe
• List two factors that contributed to the rise of a scientific revolution in Europe
• Identify the major discoveries of Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo, and Newton
• Explain how Galileo's work came into conflict with the Church and how the conflict wasresolved
• Compare and contrast Decartes's and Bacon's approach to science
• Explain why the new scientific views of the era were so revolutionary
ISBE Standards Addressed:
16.A.lc Describe how people in different times and places viewed the world in different ways.
16.B.4a (W) Identify political ideas that began during the Renaissance and the Enlightenmentand that persist today (e.g., church/state relationships).
16.D.4 (W) Identify significant events and developments since 1500 that altered world socialhistory in ways that persist today including colonization, Protestant Reformation,industrialization, the rise of technology and human rights movements.
16.E.5a (W) Analyze how technological and scientific developments have affected humanproductivity, human comfort and the environment.
Activities (75 min. class)
Cue Video Clips
Activate prior knowledge
• So far, what do we know about the Scientific Revolution?• How is this new way of thinking different?
• Who is Copernicus and what is his theory?
Lecture and questioning with slides & Film clips
• Show first two Galileo slides (notetaking)• Film clip http://www.historv.com/topics/Ralileo-galilei/videostfbeyond-the-biR-bang-Raiiieo-
galileio What type of technology to we use today that is based on Galileo's findings?o Why did Galileo feel that he needed protection? From what, who?o Why did the church feel threatened at this time?
• Show last Galileo slideo What do you think about what happened to Galileo?
• Bacon and Descartes slides (notetaking)o Is Bacon's method used today? What are some examples?o What do you think about Decartes idea that everything should be doubted until
proven by reason? What is "reason"• Issac Newton slide (notetaking)
o Have you ever heard of him? What is the legendary story about Newton?• Film Clip
http://www.Rlencoe.com/video iibrary/index with mods.php?PROGRAlvl=9780078745270&VIDEO=4701&CHAPTER=10&MODE=2
o What did he hypothesize about Gravity?o What did he need to prove his hypothesis?o What was his brilliant observation?o In one word, how would you describe his discovery?
Guided Reading Activity (have them label worksheet)
• Debrief as they finish sections• Part One, #s A. 1&2 - read p. 623-624, stop at A Revolutionary Model of the universe• Part Two, #s A. 3-5 - read p. 624 to 625, stop at The Scientific Method• Part Three, B. (at bottom of worksheet) - read p. 625 to 626, stop at Newton explains
the Law of Gravity• Part Four, A. 6 - read p. 626-627, stop at the Scientific Revolution Spreads
Reteaching Activity
• Have them change #4 to "Explain why the new scientific views were so revolutionary."• Complete worksheet
Assessment
1) Guided Reading Worksheet (determining main ideas)
2) Reteaching Worksheet (determining main ideas, reading comprehension, analysis)
3) Direct questioning with student response
5/1/2011
The Scientific Revolution
What was the Scientific Revolution?
The scientificrevolution was a newway of thinking aboutthe natural world thatwas based on:1. Careful observation &
2. A willingness toquestion acceptedbeliefs.
5/1/2011
How Did This Revolution Begin?
The Renaissance
Interaction with MuslimScholars
Re-Discovery of AncientTexts
Discovery of theAmericas
Moving Beyond theLimits of AncientKnowledge
What Is The Correct Representation
Of Our Solar System?
Ptolemaic or Geocentric
Theory
Heliocentric Theory
5/1/2011
What were the central sources ofauthority in medieval science?
1. The Ancient Greeks
2. The ChurchI postulate that the earth is the
unraoving center of the universe. Allother heavenly bodies revolve around it
in perfect concentric circles. Beyond thelast ring lies a the belt of stars and
finally heaven.
Ohh! That's original!Why didn't I think ofthat? Wait.. .that's
right, I did!
What was the Medieval View of theSolar System?
Astronomy = The study of space.
1. The earth is unmoving.
2. The earth is the center ofthe universe.
3. The other heavenlybodies (sun, moon, andother planets) revolvearound the earth inperfect concentric circles.
4. The other heavenlybodies are perfectspheres.
5/1/2011
What was the Medieval View of theWorld?
5. Beyond the heavenlybodies lies a thick beltof stars.
6. Heaven lies beyondthe stars.
7. The placement andmovement of allheavenly bodies isdivine.
Nicolaus Copernicus
Early 1500s
Heliocentric Theory
Fear and Anxiety
5/1/2011
Galileo Galilei
1. Built the Telescope
2. Discovered fourmoons of Jupiter
3. Found sun spots
4. Noticed the moon hada rough, unevensurface
The Starry Messenger(1610)
Galileo's Controversy• He supported
Copernicus
• Catholic and ProtestantChurches Protest
• Trial and Silence in 1633
5/1/2011
Galileo at trial before the Inquisition in 1633. Painting, 17th century.
-Spent rest of his life under house arrest-Galileo said new science was not anti-Christian-His ideas did not refute the Bible-Bible difficult to interpret, nature another way that God revealshimself- Eventually cleared of wrongdoing in 1992!
What Was The Scientific Method?Francis Bacon
1. Problem or questionsarising from anobservation
2. Form Hypothesis3. Test Hypothesis4. Analyze Data and reach
Conclusion
Rene Descartes- Developed analytical
geometry
- "I think therefore I am."
— Everything should bedoubted until proven byreason!
5/1/2011
How did Isaac Newton contribute to theNew World View?
Universal Theory ofMotion (forces the sameon earth and in space)
Laws of Gravity
The Scientific Revolution Spreads
Advances made in Chemistry, Medicine, Scientific Instruments
