Slide 2 Slide 3 Seas = environmental services Food, Health,
Commerce Tourism Biodiversity Environment, protected areas But
Slide 4 we are about 7 billion (7.000.000.000) people, and many
living in coastal urban centers Slide 5 Global Change Physical
alteration Seawage Nutrients Sediment mobilisation POPs
Hydrocarbons Heavy metals Litter Radionuclides Climate Change...
Slide 6 IAEA Marine Environment Laboratories Slide 7 Marine
Isotopic Records and Models to Assess Climate Change Slide 8
Sanchez-Cabeza, J.A. Dunbar, R. Druffel, E. Al-Rousan, S. Fink, D.
Gutierrez, D. Morgenstern, U. Reynaud, S. Sifeddine, A. Skilbeck,
G. Slide 9 Objective Apply the latest knowledge and analytical
techniques to study the history of ENSO (El Nio Southern
Oscillation) and its teleconnections extending from the Pacific
basin into the Indian Ocean and back in time beyond the
instrumental era. (NOAA) Slide 10 Strategy Galpagos and Peru
Republic of Palau Palmyra Atoll Slide 11 Light filters Temperature
controller Tank After 2 months Skeleton used for measurements
(Acropora) Corals as paleo- thermometers Slide 12 The vital effect
on 18 O Calcification 18 O Slide 13 Element ratios (Acropora) Mg/Ca
Reynaud S, Pags C, Meibom A, Mortlock R, Fairbanks R, Allemand D.
Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta 71 (2007) 354-362 Sr/Ca Mainly
controlled by water temperature Slide 14 Field calibration: Gulf of
Aqaba (Jordan), Porites Slide 15 Consistent and reliable record of
SST Slide 16 Anthropogenic record Slide 17 Bomb Radiocarbon as a
chronometer and as a ventilation tracer Simulated Surface Ocean
Response 1951 1971 1991 Atmospheric Forcing 14 C Slide 18 Slide 19
14 C as a tracer of equatorial wind- induced upwelling Wind induced
upwelling Radiocarbon signal Rodgers et al. 2003 -73 to -80 14 C of
Sub-Antarctic Mode Water (SAMW) 80N 40N 20N 20S 40S 80S EQ
150E150W90W Equatorial UnderCurrrent (EUC) Slide 20 Galapagos EUC
Normal 14 C Normal entrainment of SAMW Slide 21 Palmyra atoll ( 6N
162W ) Slide 22 Palmyra P10 TOPBOTTOM Slide 23 Slide 24 CO 2
graphite H 2 on Fe @ 560 o C Isotopic fractionation normalized to a
13 C = -25 14 C = - 1 1000 () ( 14 C/ 12 C)sample ( 14 C/ 12
C)standard [ ] Coral CaCO 3 Acidification AMS 14 C by Accelerator
Mass Spectrometry (AMS) Slide 25 14 C in Pacific corals Druffel
(1987); Druffel et al (2001); Druffel-Rodriguez et al (2011) 14 C
Slide 26 14 C in Palmyra coral show Suess effect of -7 14 C There
is no apparent correlation between 14 C and 18 O values. So 14 C
values at Palmyra are invariant with climatic parameters, such as
ENSO, during the 20 th century. Druffel-Rodriguez et al (2011)
Slide 27 14 C in Pacific corals - Suess Effect 2 sigma High
upwelling Low upwelling Druffel-Rodriguez et al (2011) Slide 28
Galapagos: Urvina Bay (0- 91W) Slide 29 Stuiver and Quay 1980
Robertson et al 2001 Druffel et al. 2007 | 2 sigma Seasonal
time-series Co-occurrence of low 14 C water and Volcanic Activity
Slide 30 Seasonal 14 C - Galapagos Pure SAMW? | 2 sigma El Nios
Slide 31 Galapagos Sub-Antarctic Mode Water (SAMW) Equatorial
Undercurrent Slide 32 Galapagos EUC Normal 14 C Normal entrainment
of SAMW Slide 33 Galapagos EUC Lowest 14 C Increased entrainment of
SAMW (early 1600s and 1800s) Slide 34 Republic of Palau Slide 35
Grottoli, 2006 Slide 36 Ulong Channel (>200 years!) Cold/saline
Warm/fresh Cold/saline Slide 37 W longitude 6090 120 0 30 60 * Lima
020406080100120 N Dissolved oxygen (% saturation) 100 m depth
Chlorophyll-a concentration (mg m -3 ) Peruvian continental margin
characteristics Sediments without bioturbation Slide 38 Laminated
cores Cores with laminated sequences were collected south of 8S,
within the OMZ (
