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SECTION 06 10 00ROUGH CARPENTRY

SPEC WRITER NOTES:1. Delete between // // if not

applicable to project. Also delete any other item or paragraph not applicable in the section and renumber the paragraphs.

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 DESCRIPTION:

A. This section specifies wood blocking, framing, sheathing, furring,

nailers, sub-flooring, rough hardware, and light wood construction.

1.2 RELATED WORK:

//A. Sustainable design requirements: Section 01 81 13, SUSTAINABLE

CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS.//

B. Milled woodwork: Section 06 20 00, FINISH CARPENTRY.

C. Gypsum sheathing: Section 09 29 00, GYPSUM BOARD.

D. Cement board sheathing: Section 06 16 63, CEMENTITIOUS SHEATHING.

1.3 SUBMITTALS:

A. Submit in accordance with Section 01 33 23, SHOP DRAWINGS, PRODUCT DATA,

AND SAMPLES.

//B. Sustainable Design Submittals, as described below:

//1. Postconsumer and preconsumer recycled content as specified in

PART 2 - PRODUCTS.//

//2. Volatile organic compounds per volume as specified in

PART 2 - PRODUCTS. //

//3. For composite wood products, submit documentation indicating that

product contains no added urea formaldehyde.// //

C. Shop Drawings showing framing connection details, fasteners, connections

and dimensions.

D. Manufacturer’s Literature and Data:

1. Submit data for lumber, panels, hardware and adhesives.

2. Submit data for wood-preservative treatment from chemical treatment

manufacturer and certification from treating plants that treated

materials comply with requirements. Indicate type of preservative

used and net amount of preservative retained.

3. Submit data for fire retardant treatment from chemical treatment

manufacturer and certification by treating plant that treated

materials comply with requirements. Include physical properties of

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treated materials based on testing by a qualified independent testing

agency.

4. For products receiving a waterborne treatment, submit statement that

moisture content of treated materials was reduced to levels specified

before shipment to project site.

E. Manufacturer’s certificate for unmarked lumber.

1.4 PRODUCT DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLING:

A. Protect lumber and other products from dampness both during and after

delivery at site.

B. Pile lumber in stacks in such manner as to provide air circulation

around surfaces of each piece.

C. Stack plywood and other board products so as to prevent warping.

D. Locate stacks on well drained areas, supported at least 152 mm

(6 inches) above grade and cover with well-ventilated sheds having

firmly constructed over hanging roof with sufficient end wall to protect

lumber from driving rain.

1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE:

A. Installer: A firm with a minimum of three (3) years’ experience in the

type of work required by this section.

1.6 GRADING AND MARKINGS:

A. Any unmarked lumber or plywood panel for its grade and species will not

be allowed on VA Construction sites for lumber and material not normally

grade marked, provide manufacturer’s certificates (approved by an

American Lumber Standards approved agency) attesting that lumber and

material meet the specified the specified requirements.

1.7 APPLICABLE PUBLICATIONS:

A. Publications listed below form a part of this specification to extent

referenced. Publications are referenced in the text by basic designation

only.

B. American Forest and Paper Association (AFPA):

NDS-15..................National Design Specification for Wood

Construction

WCD1-01.................Details for Conventional Wood Frame Construction

C. American Institute of Timber Construction (AITC):

A190.1-07...............Structural Glued Laminated Timber

D. American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME):

B18.2.1-12(R2013).......Square and Hex Bolts and Screws

B18.2.2-10..............Square and Hex Nuts

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B18.6.1-81(R2008).......Wood Screws

E. American Plywood Association (APA):

E30-11..................Engineered Wood Construction Guide

F. ASTM International (ASTM):

A653/A653M-13...........Steel Sheet Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) or Zinc-

Iron Alloy Coated (Galvannealed) by the Hot Dip

Process

C954-11.................Steel Drill Screws for the Application of Gypsum

Board or Metal Plaster Bases to Steel Studs from

0.033 inch (2.24 mm) to 0.112-inch (2.84 mm) in

thickness

C1002-14................Steel Self-Piercing Tapping Screws for the

Application of Gypsum Panel Products or Metal

Plaster Bases to Wood Studs or Metal Studs

D198-14.................Test Methods of Static Tests of Lumber in

Structural Sizes

D2344/D2344M-13.........Test Method for Short-Beam Strength of Polymer

Matrix Composite Materials and Their Laminates

D2559-12a...............Adhesives for Structural Laminated Wood Products

for Use Under Exterior (Wet Use) Exposure

Conditions

D3498-03(R2011).........Adhesives for Field-Gluing Plywood to Lumber

Framing for Floor Systems

D6108-13................Test Method for Compressive Properties of

Plastic Lumber and Shapes

D6109-13................Test Methods for Flexural Properties of

Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastic Lumber and

Related Products

D6111-13a...............Test Method for Bulk Density and Specific

Gravity of Plastic Lumber and Shapes by

Displacement

D6112-13................Test Methods for Compressive and Flexural Creep

and Creep-Rupture of Plastic Lumber and Shapes

F844-07a(R2013).........Washers, Steel, Plan (Flat) Unhardened for

General Use

F1667-13................Nails, Spikes, and Staples

G. American Wood Protection Association (AWPA):

AWPA Book of Standards

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H. Commercial Item Description (CID):

A-A-55615...............Shield, Expansion (Wood Screw and Lag Bolt Self

Threading Anchors)

I. Forest Stewardship Council (FSC):

FSC-STD-01-001(Ver. 4-0)FSC Principles and Criteria for Forest

Stewardship

J. Military Specification (Mil. Spec.):

MIL-L-19140E............Lumber and Plywood, Fire-Retardant Treated

K. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA):

40 CFR 59(2014).........National Volatile Organic Compound Emission

Standards for Consumer and Commercial Products

L. Truss Plate Institute (TPI):

TPI-85..................Metal Plate Connected Wood Trusses

M. U.S. Department of Commerce Product Standard (PS)

PS 1-95.................Construction and Industrial Plywood

PS 20-10................American Softwood Lumber Standard

N. ICC Evaluation Service (ICC ES):

AC09....................Quality Control of Wood Shakes and Shingles

AC174...................Deck Board Span Ratings and Guardrail Systems

(Guards and Handrails)

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 LUMBER:

A. Unless otherwise specified, each piece of lumber must bear grade mark,

stamp, or other identifying marks indicating grades of material, and

rules or standards under which produced.

1. Identifying marks are to be in accordance with rule or standard under

which material is produced, including requirements for qualifications

and authority of the inspection organization, usage of authorized

identification, and information included in the identification.

2. Inspection agency for lumber approved by the Board of Review,

American Lumber Standards Committee, to grade species used.

SPEC WRITER NOTES:1. Lumber grades specified are for general

use.2. If appearance and use is a factor, then

appropriate grades and species must be selected and specified.

3. Design members and fastenings to conform to AITC Timber Construction Manual.

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4. Coordinate to show structural properties on drawings of load bearing structural members.

B. Structural Members: Species and grade as listed in the AFPA NDS having

design stresses as shown.

C. Lumber Other Than Structural:

1. Unless otherwise specified, species graded under the grading rules of

an inspection agency approved by Board of Review, American Lumber

Standards Committee.

2. Framing lumber: Minimum extreme fiber stress in bending of 7584 kPa

(1100 PSI).

3. Furring, blocking, nailers and similar items 101 mm (4 inches) and

narrower Standard Grade; and, members 152 mm (6 inches) and wider,

Number 2 Grade.

4. Board Sub-flooring: Shiplap edge, 25 mm (1 inch) thick, not less than

203 mm (8 inches) wide.

D. Sizes:

1. Conforming to PS 20.

2. Size references are nominal sizes, unless otherwise specified, actual

sizes within manufacturing tolerances allowed by standard under which

produced.

E. Moisture Content:

1. Maximum moisture content of wood products is to be as follows at the

time of delivery to site.

a. Boards and lumber 50 mm (2 inches) and less in thickness: 19

percent or less.

b. Lumber over 50 mm (2 inches) thick: 25 percent or less.

F. Fire Retardant Treatment:

1. Comply with Mil Spec. MIL-L-19140.

2. Treatment and performance inspection, by an independent and qualified

testing agency that establishes performance ratings.

G. Preservative Treatment:

1. Do not treat Heart Redwood and Western Red Cedar.

2. Treat wood members and plywood exposed to weather or in contact with

plaster, masonry or concrete, including framing of open roofed

structures; sills, sole plates, furring, and sleepers that are less

than 610 mm (24 inches) from ground; nailers, edge strips, blocking,

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crickets, curbs, cant, vent strips and other members provided in

connection with roofing and flashing materials.

3. Treat other members specified as preservative treated (PT).

4. Preservative treat by the pressure method complying with AWPA Book

use category system standards U1 and T1, except any process involving

the use of Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA) or other agents classified

as carcinogenic for pressure treating wood is not permitted.

2.2 PLASTIC LUMBER:

A. General:

1. Allowable loads and spans, as documented in evaluation reports or in

information referenced in evaluation reports, are not to be less than

design loads and spans indicated on contract documents.

2. Restricted to exterior use only.

//B. Composite Plastic Lumber: Shapes made from a mixture of cellulose

fiber and polyethylene or polypropylene.

1. Provide lumber with a minimum of // 75 // // // percent recycled

content with a minimum of // 25 // // // percent post-consumer

recycled content.

2. Decking Standard: // ICC-ES AC109 // // or // // ICC-ES AC174 //.

3. Shear Parallel to Length: Maximum 6894 kPa (1,000 psi) in accordance

with ASTM D2344/D2344M.

4. Density: ASTM D6111.

5. Compressive Strength:

a. Secant Modulus: Minimum 482,633 kPa (70,000 psi) in accordance

with ASTM D6108.

b. Stress at 3 percent strain: Minimum 10,342 kPa (1,500 psi) in

accordance with ASTM D6108.

c. Compression Parallel to Grain: Minimum 20,684 kPa (3,000 psi) in

accordance with ASTM D6112.

d. Compression Perpendicular to Grain: Minimum 6,894 kPa (1,000 psi)

in accordance with ASTM D6112.

6. Flexural Strength: Minimum 13,789 kPa (2,000 psi) in accordance with

ASTM D6109.

7. Tensile Strength: Minimum 8618 kPa (1,250 psi) in accordance with

ASTM D198.

8. Surface Texture: // Woodgrain // // Smooth //.

9. Color: // // // As indicated in Section 09 06 00, SCHEDULE FOR

FINISHES //.

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C. All-Plastic Lumber: Shapes made from high-density polyethylene (HDPE),

PVC, polystyrene, or cellular PVC with no cellulose fiber.

//1. Provide lumber with a minimum of // 75 // // // percent recycled

content with a minimum of // 25 // // // percent of post-consumer

recycled content. //

2. Decking Standard: ICC-ES AC174.

3. Shear Parallel to Length: Maximum 6,894 kPa (1,000 psi) in accordance

with ASTM D2344/D2344M.

4. Density: ASTM D6111.

5. Compressive Strength:

a. Secant Modulus: Minimum 482,633 kPa (70,000 psi) in accordance

with ASTM D6108.

b. Stress at 3 percent strain: Minimum 10,342 kPa (1,500 psi) in

accordance with ASTM D6108.

c. Compression Parallel to Grain: Minimum 20,684 kPa (3,000 psi) in

accordance with ASTM D6112.

d. Compression Perpendicular to Grain: Minimum 6,894 kPa (1,000 psi)

in accordance with ASTM D6112.

6. Flexural Strength: Minimum 13,789 kPa (2,000 psi) in accordance with

ASTM D6109.

7. Tensile Strength: Minimum 8618 kPa (1,250 psi) in accordance with

ASTM D198.

8. Surface Texture: // Woodgrain // // Smooth //.

9. Color: // // // As indicated in Section 09 06 00, SCHEDULE FOR

FINISHES //.

SPEC WRITER NOTES:1. Plywood grades and thickness listed are for conventional light framing and light loading.2. Where appearance, high humidity, loading, or permanently exposed to the weather and other end uses are a consideration, specify grades, type, glue line and thickness required.3. Consider treatment for resistance to fire, rot, and vermin.

2.3 PLYWOOD:

A. Comply with PS 1.

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B. Bear the mark of a recognized association or independent inspection

agency that maintains continuing control over quality of plywood which

identifies compliance by veneer grade, group number, span rating where

applicable, and glue type.

C. Sheathing:

1. APA rated Exposure 1 or Exterior; panel grade CD or better.

2. Wall sheathing:

a. Minimum 9 mm (11/32 inch) thick with supports 406 mm (16 inches)

on center and 12 mm (15/32 inch) thick with supports 610 mm

(24 inches) on center unless specified otherwise.

b. Minimum 1200 mm (48 inches) wide at corners without corner bracing

of framing.

SPEC WRITER NOTE: Verify with Structural Engineer for additional dead load requirements.

3. Roof sheathing:

a. Minimum 9 mm (11/32 inch) thick with span rating 24/0 or 12 mm

(15/32 inch) thick with span rating for supports 406 mm

(16 inches) on center unless specified otherwise.

b. Minimum 15 mm (19/32 inch) thick or span rating of 40/20 or 18 mm

(23/32 inch) thick or span rating of 48/24 for supports 610 mm (24

inches) on center.

D. Subflooring:

1. Under finish wood flooring or underlayment:

a. APA Rated sheathing, Exposure 1. panel grade CD.

b. Minimum 15 mm (19/32 inch) thick with span rating 32/16 or greater

for supports at 406 mm (16 inches) on center and 18.25 mm (23/32

inch) thick with span rating 48/24 for supports at 610 mm (24

inches) on center.

2. Combination subflooring-underlayment under resilient flooring or

carpet:

a. APA Rated Stud-I-Floor Exterior or Exposure 1, T and G.

b. Minimum 15 mm (19/32 inch) thick or greater, span rating 16, for

supports at 406 mm (16 inches) on center; 18 mm (23/32 inch) thick

or greater, span rating 24, for supports at 610 mm (24 inches) on

center.

//c. Minimum 19 mm (3/4-inch) thick or greater, span rating 32, for

supports at 812 mm (32 inches) on center; 28 mm (1-1/8 inch)

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thick, span rating 48 for supports at 1219 mm (48 inches) on

center. //

E. Underlayment:

1. APA rated Exposure 1 or Exterior, panel grade C-C Plugged.

2. Minimum 6 mm (1/4 inch) thick or greater over plywood subflooring //

and 9 mm (3/8 inch) thick or greater over board subflooring, //

unless otherwise shown.

2.4 STRUCTURAL-USE PANELS:

A. Comply with APA E30.

B. Bearing the mark of a recognized association or independent agency that

maintains continuing control over quality of panel which identifies

compliance by end use, Span Rating, and exposure durability

classification.

C. Wall and Roof Sheathing:

1. APA Rated sheathing panels, durability classification of Exposure 1

or Exterior Span Rating of 16/0 or greater for supports 406 mm

(16 inches) on center and 24/0 or greater for supports 610 mm

(24 inches) on center.

D. Subflooring:

1. Under finish wood flooring or underlayment:

a. APA rated sheathing panels, durability classification of Exposure

1 or Exterior.

b. Span Rating of 24/16 or greater for supports 406 mm (16 inches).

2. Under resilient floor or carpet.

a. APA rated combination subfloor-underlayment grade panels,

durability classification of Exposure 1 or Exterior T and G.

b. Span Rating of 16 or greater for supports 406 mm (16 inches) on

center and 24 or greater for supports 610 mm (24 inches) on

center.

E. Underlayment:

1. APA rated Exposure l.

2. Minimum 6 mm (1/4 inch) thick or greater over subfloor.

F. Wood "I" Beam Members:

1. Size and Shape as indicated in contract documents.

2. Cambered and marked "TOP UP".

3. Plywood webs: PS-1, minimum 9 mm (3/8 inch) thick, unless shown

otherwise.

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4. Flanges: Kiln dried stress rated dense lumber minimum 38 mm

(1-1/2 inch) thick, width as indicated on contract documents.

5. Plywood web fitted into flanges and joined with ASTM D2559 adhesive

to form "I" beam section unless shown otherwise.

G. Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL):

1. Bonded jointed wood veneers with ASTM D2559 adhesive.

2. Scarf jointed wood veneers with grain of wood parallel.

3. Size as indicated on contract documents.

SPEC WRITER NOTES:1. Specify other manufactured lumber if

used. Allow options where possible.2. Specify monoplaneral light wood roof

and floor trusses made up with steel plates if used.

3. Specify heavy trusses and heavy timber under separate sections.

2.5 ROUGH HARDWARE AND ADHESIVES:

A. Anchor Bolts:

1. ASME B18.2.1 and ASME B18.2.2 galvanized, 13 mm (1/2 inch) unless

shown otherwise.

2. Extend at least 203 mm (8 inches) into masonry or concrete with ends

bent 50 mm (2 inches).

B. Miscellaneous Bolts: Expansion Bolts: C1D A-A-55615; lag bolt, long

enough to extend at least 65 mm (2-1/2 inches) into masonry or concrete.

Provide 13 mm (1/2 inch) bolt unless shown otherwise.

C. Washers

1. ASTM F844.

2. Provide zinc or cadmium coated steel or cast iron for washers exposed

to weather.

D. Screws:

1. Wood to Wood: ASME B18.6.1 or ASTM C1002.

2. Wood to Steel: ASTM C954, or ASTM C1002.

E. Nails:

1. Size and type best suited for purpose unless noted otherwise. Provide

aluminum-alloy nails, plated nails, or zinc-coated nails, for nailing

wood work exposed to weather and on roof blocking.

2. ASTM F1667:

a. Common: Type I, Style 10.

b. Concrete: Type I, Style 11.

c. Barbed: Type I, Style 26.

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d. Underlayment: Type I, Style 25.

e. Masonry: Type I, Style 27.

f. Provide special nails designed for use with ties, strap anchors,

framing connectors, joists hangers, and similar items. Nails not

less than 32 mm (1-1/4 inches) long, 8d and deformed or annular

ring shank.

SPEC WRITER NOTES:1. Assure details show framing and timber

connectors and positions of connectors.2. Add other framing items required that

are not in this guide specification.

F. Framing and Timber Connectors:

1. Fabricate of ASTM A653/A653M, Grade A; steel sheet not less than

1.3 mm (0.052 inch) thick unless specified otherwise. Apply standard

plating to steel timber connectors after punching, forming and

assembly of parts.

2. Framing Angles: Angle designed with bendable legs to provide

three (3) way anchors.

3. Straps:

a. Designed to provide wind and seismic ties with sizes as shown or

specified.

b. Strap ties not less than 32 mm (1-1/4 inches) wide.

c. Punched for fastener.

SPEC WRITER NOTE: If metal bridging is not applicable for use, edit here as well as PART 3.

//4. Metal Bridging:

a. V shape deformed strap with not less than two (2) nail holes at

ends, designed to nail to top and side of framing member and

bottom and side of opposite member.

b. Not less than 19 by 127 mm (3/4 by 5 inches) bendable nailing

flange on ends.

c. Fabricated of 1 mm (0.04 inch) minimum thick sheet. //

5. Joist Hangers:

a. Fabricated of 1.6 mm (0.063 inch) minimum thick sheet, U design

unless shown otherwise.

b. Heavy duty hangers fabricated of minimum 2.7 mm (0.108 inch) thick

sheet, U design with bent top flange to lap over beam.

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6. Timber Connectors: Fabricated of steel to shapes indicated on

contract drawings.

7. Joist Ties: Mild steel flats, 5 mm by 32 mm (3/16 inch by 1-1/4 inch)

size with ends bent about 30 degrees from horizontal, and extending

at least 406 mm (16 inches) onto framing. Punch each end for

three (3) spikes.

8. Wall Anchors for Joists and Rafters:

a. Mild steel strap, 5 mm by 32 mm (3/16 inch by 1-1/4 inch) with

wall ends bent 50 mm (2 inches), or provide 9 mm by 130 mm

(3/8 inch by 5 inch) pin through strap end built into masonry.

b. Strap long enough to extend onto three joists or rafters, and

punched for spiking at each bearing.

c. Strap not less than 101 mm (4 inches) embedded end.

9. Joint Plates:

a. Steel plate punched for nails.

b. Steel plates formed with teeth or prongs for mechanically clamping

plates to wood.

c. Size for axial eccentricity, and fastener loads.

G. Adhesives:

1. For field-gluing plywood to lumber framing floor or roof systems:

ASTM D3498.

2. For structural laminated Wood: ASTM D2559.

//3. Adhesives to have a VOC content of // 70 // // // g/L or less

when calculated according to 40 CFR 59, (EPA Method 24).//

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 INSTALLATION OF FRAMING AND MISCELLANEOUS WOOD MEMBERS:

A. Conform to applicable requirements of the following:

1. AFPA NDS for timber connectors.

2. AITC A190.1 Timber Construction Manual for heavy timber construction.

3. AFPA WCD1 for nailing and framing unless specified otherwise.

4. APA for installation of plywood or structural use panels.

5. TPI for metal plate connected wood trusses.

//6. Space plastic lumber boards to allow for lengthwise expansion and

contraction in accordance with manufacturer recommendations.//

B. Fasteners:

1. Nails.

a. Nail in accordance with the Recommended Nailing Schedule as

specified in AFPA WCD1 where detailed nailing requirements are not

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specified in nailing schedule. Select nail size and nail spacing

sufficient to develop adequate strength for the connection without

splitting the members.

b. Use special nails with framing connectors.

c. For sheathing and subflooring, select length of nails sufficient

to extend 25 mm (1 inch) into supports.

d. Use 8d or larger nails for nailing through 25 mm (1 inch) thick

lumber and for toe nailing 50 mm (2 inch) thick lumber.

e. Use 16d or larger nails for nailing through 50 mm (2 inch) thick

lumber.

f. Select the size and number of nails in accordance with the Nailing

Schedule except for special nails with framing anchors.

g. Nailing Schedule; Using Common Nails:

1) Joist bearing on sill or girder, toe nail three (3) 8d nails or

framing anchor.

2) Bridging to joist, toe nail each end two (2) 8d nails.

3) Ledger strip to beam or girder three (3) 16d nails under each

joint.

4) Subflooring or Sheathing:

a) 152 mm (6 inch) wide or less to each joist face nail two (2)

8d nails.

b) Subflooring, more than 152 mm (6 inches) wide, to each stud

or joint, face nail three (3) 8d nails.

c) Plywood or structural use panel to each stud or joist face

nail 8d, at supported edges 152 mm (6 inches) on center and

at intermediate supports 254 mm (10 inches) on center. When

gluing plywood to joint framing increase nail spacing to 305

mm (12 inches) at supported edges and 508 mm (20 inches)

o.c. at intermediate supports.

5) Sole plate to joist or blocking, through sub floor face nail

20d nails, 406 mm (16 inches) on center.

6) Top plate to stud, end nail two (2) 16d nails.

7) Stud to sole plate, toe nail or framing anchor. Four (4) 8d

nails.

8) Doubled studs, face nail 16d at 610 mm (24 inches) on center.

9) Built-up corner studs 16d at 610 mm (24 inches) (24 inches) on

center.

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10) Doubled top plates, face nails 16d at 406 mm (16 inches) on

center.

11) Top plates, laps, and intersections, face nail two (2) 16d.

12) Continuous header, two pieces 16d at 406 mm (16 inches) on

center along each edge.

13) Ceiling joists to plate, toenail three (3) 8d or framing

anchor.

14) Continuous header to stud, four (4) 16d.

15) Ceiling joists, laps over partitions, face nail three (3) 16d

or framing anchor.

16) Ceiling joists, to parallel rafters, face nail three (3) 16d.

17) Rafter to plate, toe nail three (3) 8d or framing anchor. Brace

25 mm (1 inch) thick board to each stud and plate, face nail

three (3) 8d.

18) Built-up girders and beams 20d at 812 mm (32 inches) on center

along each edge.

SPEC WRITER NOTE: Do not fasten to bottom flange of steel beams.

2. Bolts:

a. Fit bolt heads and nuts bearing on wood with washers.

b. Countersink bolt heads flush with the surface of nailers.

c. Embed in concrete and solid masonry or provide expansion bolts.

Special bolts or screws designed for anchor to solid masonry or

concrete in drilled holes may be used.

d. Provide toggle bolts to hollow masonry or sheet metal.

e. Provide bolts to steel over 2.84 mm (0.112 inch, 11 gage) in

thickness. Secure wood nailers to vertical structural steel

members with bolts, placed one at ends of nailer and 610 mm

(24 inch) intervals between end bolts. Provide clips to beam

flanges.

3. Drill Screws to steel less than 2.84 mm (0.112 inch) thick.

a. ASTM C1002 for steel less than 0.84 mm (0.033 inch) thick.

b. ASTM C954 for steel over 0.84 mm (0.033 inch) thick.

4. Power actuated drive pins may be provided where practical to anchor

to solid masonry, concrete, or steel.

5. Do not anchor to wood plugs or nailing blocks in masonry or concrete.

Provide metal plugs, inserts or similar fastening.

6. Screws to Join Wood:

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a. Where shown or option to nails.

b. ASTM C1002, sized to provide not less than 25 mm (1 inch)

penetration into anchorage member.

c. Spaced same as nails.

7. Installation of Timber Connectors:

a. Conform to applicable requirements of the AFPA NDS.

b. Fit wood to connectors and drill holes for fasteners so wood is

not split.

//8. Install plastic lumber with stainless steel bolts or screws; if nails

are used use stainless steel spiral shank or ring shank type.//

C. Set sills or plates level in full bed of mortar on masonry or concrete

walls.

1. Space anchor bolts 1219 mm (4 feet) on centers between ends and

within 152 mm (6 inches) of end. Stagger bolts from side to side on

plates over 178 mm (7 inches) in width.

2. Provide shims of slate, tile or similar approved material to level

wood members resting on concrete or masonry. Do not use wood shims or

wedges.

3. Closely fit, and set to required lines.

D. Cut notch, or bore in accordance with AFPA WCD1 passage of ducts wires,

bolts, pipes, conduits and to accommodate other work. Repair or replace

miscut, misfit or damaged work.

E. Blocking Nailers, and Furring:

1. Install furring, blocking, nailers, and grounds where shown.

2. Provide longest lengths practicable.

3. Provide fire retardant treated wood blocking where shown at openings

and where shown or specified.

4. Layers of Blocking or Plates:

a. Stagger end joints between upper and lower pieces.

b. Nail at ends and not over 610 mm (24 inches) between ends.

c. Stagger nails from side to side of wood member over 127 mm

(5 inches) in width.

SPEC WRITER NOTE: Include the following option if acceptable to Architect.

//5. Fabricate roof edge vent strips with 6 mm by 6 mm (1/4 inch by

1/4 inch) notches, 101 mm (4 inches) on center, aligned to allow for

venting of // insulating concrete // // and venting base

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sheet //. // Option: Texture 1-11 plywood with parallel grooves

101 mm (4 inches) o.c. may be used. //

//6. Unless otherwise shown, provide wall furring 25 mm by 75 mm (1 inch

by 3 inch) continuous wood strips installed plumb on walls, using

wood shims where necessary so face of furring forms a true, even

plane. Space furring not over 406 mm (16 inches) on centers, butt

joints over bearings and rigidly secure in place. Anchor furring on

406 mm (16 inches) centers. //

SPEC WRITER NOTES:1. Specifications for light wood framing

is for solid wood members.2. Add Specifications for other wood

systems when used.3. Verify framing plans and details show

connections and conditions including framing connectors.

4. Coordinate specification with drawings; do not duplicate.

F. Floor // and Ceiling // Framing:

1. Set with crown edge up.

2. Keep framing at least 50 mm (2 inches) away from chimneys.

3. Bear on not less than 101 mm (4 inches) on concrete and masonry, and

38 mm (1-1/2 inches) on wood and metal unless shown otherwise.

4. Support joist, trimmer joists, headers, and beams framing into

carrying members at same relative levels on joist hangers unless

shown otherwise.

5. Lap and spike wood joists together at bearing, or butt end-to-end

with scab ties at joint and spike to plates. Scab tie lengths not

less than 203 mm (8 inches) lap on joist ends. Install wood I beam

joists as indicated in contract documents.

6. Frame openings with headers and trimmer joist. Double headers

carrying more than two tail joists and trimmer joists supporting

headers carrying more than one tail joist unless otherwise indicated

in contract documents.

7. Drive nails through headers into joists using two (2) nails for 50 mm

by 152 mm (2 inch by 6 inch); three (3) nails for 50 mm by 203 mm (2

inch by 8 inch) and four (4) nails for 50 mm by 254 mm (2 inch by 10

inch) and over in size.

8. Install nearest joist to double headers and spike joist to both

header members before trimmer joist is installed and secured

together.

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9. Doubled joists under partitions parallel with floor joists. // Fire

cut joists built into masonry or concrete. //

10. Where joists run perpendicular to masonry or concrete, anchor every

third joist to masonry or concrete with one (1) metal wall anchor.

Securely spike anchors with three (3) nails to side of joist near its

bottom.

11. Anchor joists running parallel with masonry or concrete walls to

walls with steel flats spaced not over 1828 mm (6 feet) apart. Extend

steel flats over at least three (3) joists and into masonry 101 mm (4

inches) with ends turned 50 mm (2 inches); bolt to concrete. Set top

of flats flush with top of joists, and securely nail steel flats to

each joist.

12. Hook ties at steel framing over top flange of steel members.

13. Nonbearing partitions running parallel with ceiling joists, install

solid 50 mm (2 inch) thick bridging same depth as ceiling joists cut

to fit snug between joists for securing top plate of partitions.

Securely spike bridging to joists. Space 1219 mm (4 feet) on center.

//14. Where ceramic tile finish floors are set in Portland cement mortar,

nail continuous 50 mm by 75 mm (2 inches by 3 inches) ledgers to

sides of joists to support subflooring flush with top of joist. //

SPEC WRITER NOTE: Include the following option if acceptable to structural engineer.

G. Bridging:

1. Provide 25 mm by 75 mm (1 inch by 3 inch) lumber with ends beveled

for slope. // Option: Metal bridging may be provided in lieu of wood

bridging. //

2. Install one (1) row of bridging for joist spans over 2438 mm

(8 feet), but less than 4877 mm (16 feet) long; install two (2) rows

for spans over 4877 mm (16 feet) long.

3. Install an extra row of bridging between trimmer and next two (2)

joists if header is more than 610 mm (2 feet) from end of trimmer or

from regular row of bridging.

4. Secure with two (2) nails at ends.

5. Leave bottom ends loose until after subflooring or roof sheathing is

installed.

6. Install single row of bridging at centerline of span and two (2) rows

at the third points of span unless otherwise shown.

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SPEC WRITER NOTE: Revise roof framing if other wood systems used such as trusses.

H. Roof Framing:

1. Set rafters with crown edge up.

2. Form a true plane at tops of rafters.

3. Valley, Ridge, and Hip Members:

a. Size for depth of cut on rafters.

b. Straight and true intersections of roof planes.

c. Secure hip and valley rafters to wall plates by using framing

connectors.

d. Double valley rafters longer than the available lumber, with

pieces lapped not less than 1219 mm (4 feet) and spiked together.

e. Butt joint and scab hip rafters longer than the available lumber.

4. Spike to wall plate and to ceiling joists except when secured with

framing connectors.

5. Frame openings in roof with headers and trimmer rafters. Double

headers carrying more than one (1) rafter unless shown otherwise.

6. Install 50 mm by 101 mm (2 inch by 4 inch) strut between roof rafters

and ceiling joists at 1219 mm (4 feet) on center unless shown

otherwise.

I. Framing of Dormers:

1. Frame as indicated in contract documents, with top edge of ridge

beveled to pitch of roof header.

2. Set studs on doubled trimmer rafters.

3. Double studs at corners of dormers.

4. Double plate on studs and notch rafters over plate and bear at least

75 mm (3 inches) on plates.

5. Frame opening to receive window frame or louver frame.

J. Partition and Wall Framing:

1. Provide 50 mm by 101 mm (2 inch by 4 inch) studs spaced 406 mm

(16 inches) on centers; unless otherwise indicated on contract

documents.

2. Install double studs at openings and triple studs at corners.

3. Installation of sole plate:

a. Anchor plates of walls or partitions resting on concrete floors in

place with expansion bolts, one (1) near ends of piece and at

intermediate intervals of not more than 1219 mm (4 feet) or with

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power actuated drive pins with threaded ends of suitable type and

size, spaced 610 mm (2 feet) on center unless shown otherwise.

b. Nail plates to wood framing through subfloor as specified in

nailing schedule.

4. Headers or Lintels:

a. Make headers for openings of two (2) pieces of 50 mm (2 inch)

thick lumber of size shown with plywood filler to finish flush

with face of studs or solid lumber of equivalent size.

b. Support ends of headers on top of stud cut for height of opening.

Spike cut stud to adjacent stud. Spike adjacent stud to header.

5. Provide double top plates, with members lapped at least 610 mm (2-

feet) spiked together.

6. Install intermediate cut studs over headers and under sills to

maintain uniformity of stud spacing.

7. Provide single sill plates at bottom of opening unless otherwise

indicated in contract documents. Toe nail to end stud, face nail to

intermediate studs.

8. Install 50 mm (2 inch) blocking for firestopping so that maximum

dimension of any concealed space is not over 2438 mm (8 feet) in

accordance with AFPA WCD1.

9. Install corner bracing when plywood or structured use panel sheathing

is not used.

a. Let corner bracing into exterior surfaces of studs at an angle of

approximately 45 degrees, extended completely over walls plates,

and secured at bearing with two (2) nails.

b. Provide 25 mm by 101 mm (1 inch by 4 inch) corner bracing.

K. Rough Bucks:

1. Install rough wood bucks at opening in masonry or concrete where wood

frames or trim occur.

2. Brace and maintain bucks plumb and true until masonry has been built

around them or concrete cast in place.

3. Cut rough bucks from 50 mm (2 inch) thick stock, of same width as

partitions in which they occur and of width shown in exterior walls.

4. Extend bucks full height of openings and across head of openings;

fasten securely with anchors specified.

SPEC WRITER NOTES:1. Use board subfloor only over wood joist

construction. Edit for framing used.

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2. Use plywood or structural use panels over steel framing.

L. Subflooring:

1. Subflooring may be either boards, structural-use panels, or plywood.

2. Lay board subflooring diagonally, with close joints. Stagger end

joints and make joints over supports. Bear each board on at least

three supports.

3. Provide a clearance of approximately 13 mm (1/2 inch) at masonry or

concrete at walls.

4. Apply plywood and structural-use panel subflooring with face grain or

long dimension at right angles to the supports, with edges 6 mm (1/4

inch) apart at side joints, and 3 mm (1/8 inch) apart at end joints.

5. Combination subfloor-underlayment:

a. Space edges 3 mm (1/8 inch) apart.

b. Provide a clearance of 6 mm (1/4 inch) at masonry on concrete at

walls.

6. Stagger panel end joints and make over support.

M. Underlayment:

1. Where finish flooring of different thickness is used in adjoining

areas, provide underlayment of thickness required to bring

finish-flooring surfaces into same plane.

2. Apply to dry, level, securely nailed, clean, wood subfloor without

any projections.

3. Plywood and particle underlayment are to be glue-nailed to subfloor.

4. Butt underlayment panels to a light contact with a 1 mm (1/32 inch)

space between plywood or hardboard underlayment panels and walls, and

approximately 9 mm (3/8 inch) between particleboard underlayment

panels and walls.

5. Stagger underlayment panel end joints with respect to each other and

offset joints with respect to joints in the subfloor at least 50 mm

(2 inches).

6. After installation, avoid traffic on underlayment and damage to the

finish surface.

N. Sheathing:

1. Provide plywood or structural-use panels for sheathing.

2. Lay panels with joints staggered, with edge and ends 3 mm (1/8 inch)

apart and nailed over bearings as specified.

3. Set nails not less than 9 mm (3/8 inch) from edges.

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4. Install 50 mm by 101 mm (2 inch by 4 inch) blocking spiked between

joists, rafters and studs to support edge or end joints of panels.

//5. Match and align sheathing which is an extension of work in place to

existing. //

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