Section 2: The Cold War Heats Up By the end of this lesson, I will be able to: 1. Explain how...
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Section 2: The Cold War Heats Up By the end of this lesson, I will be able to: 1. Explain how Communists came to power in China and how the United States
Section 2: The Cold War Heats Up By the end of this lesson, I
will be able to: 1. Explain how Communists came to power in China
and how the United States reacted. 2. Summarize the events of the
Korean War 3. Explain the conflict between President Truman and
General MacArthur.
Slide 2
Section Two: The Cold War Heats Up Main Idea: After World War
II, China became a communist nation and Korea was split into a
communist north and a democratic south. Why it Matters Now: Ongoing
tensions with China and North Korea continue to involve the United
States. Key Terms: Chiang Kai-shek Mao Zedong Taiwan Key Terms: 38
th parallel Korean War
Slide 3
SECTION 2: THE COLD WAR HEATS UP CHINA: For two decades,
Chinese communists had struggled against the nationalist government
of Chiang Kai-Shek The U.S. supported Chiang and gave the
Nationalist Party $3 billion in aid during WWII However, Mao
Zedongs Communist Party in China was strong, especially among
Chinese peasants
Slide 4
CHINESE CIVIL WAR: 1944-1947 After Japan left China at the end
of the War, Chinese Nationalists and Communists fought a bloody
civil war Despite the U.S. sending $ billions to the Nationalists,
the Communists under Mao won the war and ruled China Chiang and the
Nationalists fled China to neighboring Taiwan Mao established the
Peoples Republic of China MAO Kai-Shek
Slide 5
AMERICA STUNNED The American public was shocked that China had
fallen to the Communists Many believed containment had failed and
communism was expanding American fear of communism and communist
expansion was increasing
Slide 6
KOREAN WAR Japan had taken over Korea in 1910 and ruled it
until August 1945 As WWII ended, Japanese troops north of the 38 th
parallel (38 N Latitude) surrendered to the Soviets Japanese
soldiers south of the 38 th surrendered to the Americans As in
Germany, two nations developed, one communist (North Korea) and one
democratic (South Korea) Soviet controlled U.S. controlled
Slide 7
NORTH KOREA ATTACKS SOUTH KOREA On June 25, 1950, North Korean
forces swept across the 38 th parallel in a surprise attack on
South Korea With only 500 U.S. troops in South Korea, the Soviets
figured the Americans would not fight to save South Korea Instead,
America sent troops, planes and ships to South Korea (Total UN
forces 520,000 and 90% American) This attack started the Korean
War
Slide 8
MACARTHURS COUNTERATTACK At first, North Korea seemed
unstoppable However, General MacArthur launched a counterattack
with tanks, heavy artillery, and troops Troops landed in the cities
on Inchon and Pusan squeezing the NK troops into the middle Many
North Koreans surrendered; others retreated across the 38 th
parallel
Slide 9
CHINA JOINS THE FIGHT Just as it looked like the Americans were
going to score a victory in the North, 300,000 Chinese soldiers
joined the war on the side of the North Koreans In October of 1950,
Chinas Foreign Minister warned US NOT to come across the 38 th
ParallelMacarthur relayed that no threat was really credible and
boasted troops would be home by Thanksgiving! UnfortunatelyChinese
overran the American/SK forces and captured Seoul for the 2 nd time
on January 4, 1951 The fight between North and South Korea had
turned into a war in which the main opponents were Chinese
Communists vs. America
Slide 10
MACARTHUR RECOMMENDS ATTACKING CHINA To halt the bloody
stalemate, General MacArthur called for an extension of the war
into China Furthermore, MacArthur called for the U.S. to drop
atomic bombs on several Chinese cities President Truman rejected
the Generals requests
Slide 11
MACARTHUR VS. TRUMAN MacArthur continued to urge President
Truman to attack China and tried to go behind Trumans back Truman
was furious with his general On April 1, 1951, Truman made the
shocking announcement that he had fired MacArthur Americans were
surprised and many still supported their fallen general Macarthur
was given a ticker- tape parade
Slide 12
AN ARMISTICE IS SIGNED Negotiators began working on a
settlement as early as the summer of 1951 Finally, in July 1953, an
agreement was signed that ended the war in a stalemate (38th
parallel) Americas cost: 54,000 lives and $67 billion Korean War
Memorial, Washington D.C.
Slide 13
Discussion: Turn and Talk 1. What do you suppose were some of
the reasons why American troops had trouble fighting this war? 2.
In what ways did American troops underestimate their enemies? 3. Do
you think we should have aided the South Koreans in this war? 4. Do
you blame China for getting involved in the conflict? 5. Were you
surprised at the outcome of the war? Why or why not?
Slide 14
What happened to George? He was marched for weeks to what
became known as Bean Camp because they only got eat uncooked
soybeans. He was tortured, confined to a filthy small cell and
covered with licewhich he removed himself, one by one! George had
to deal with burying his dead friends only to find that the Chinese
dug up the bodies to steal clothes and shoes. George endured a
second death march and was brutally beaten for resting.