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Sensors and Fertility Management. Randy Taylor Extension Engineer, Machinery Systems Biosystems and Ag Engineering. Reference Strips for Nitrogen. Oklahoma State has recommended nitrogen reference (rich) strips to assist in season nitrogen management for corn and wheat - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Sensors and Fertility Management
Randy TaylorExtension Engineer, Machinery Systems
Biosystems and Ag Engineering
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Reference Strips for Nitrogen Oklahoma State has recommended
nitrogen reference (rich) strips to assist in season nitrogen management for corn and wheat
Recently OSU has implemented Ramped Calibration Strips (RCS) to allow visual and sensor assessment of nitrogen management
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2006-07 Ramp Program
586 farmer’s fields have had Ramp Calibration Strips placed in them
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Documenting Impact Each RCS has an
associated contact person who will collect sensor data. complete the data
sheet.
Many were lost due to grazing, drought, or freeze.
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What is a RCS?
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Reading Ramp Strips
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Can the Sensor Perform?
0
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0 50 100 150 200 250
N Rate, lbs/ac
ND
VI
NDVISAS
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Recommendations
Statewide SBNRC 22
lbs/ac RCS 54
lbs/ac
Garfield County SBNRC 27
lbs/ac RCS 60
lbs/ac
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Statewide Data Summary 117 fields with sufficient data to draw
inferences Applied N was 73% of “typical”
topdress rates Applied N was 147% of RCS
recommendation Applied N was 290% of the SBNRC
recommendation
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RCS Applicators
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RCS Applicator Components
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We constructed a sprayer with sets of 4 StreamJet nozzles from TeeJet per location. Nozzles are spaced on 24 inch centers. The four nozzles are an 01, 02, 04, and 08. We are using a design pressure of 40 psi.
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Nozzle Control
RCS Starts
RCS Ends
GPM flow rates are for 28% fertilizer solution.
Each step lasts approximately 10 feet.
SJ3-01 SJ3-02 SJ3-04 SJ3-08 GPM lbsN/acON ON ON ON 1.33 200
ON ON ON 1.24 187ON ON ON 1.15 173
ON ON 1.06 160ON ON ON 0.97 147
ON ON 0.88 133ON ON 0.80 120
ON 0.71 107ON ON ON 0.62 93
ON ON 0.53 80ON ON 0.44 67
ON 0.35 53ON ON 0.27 40
ON 0.18 27ON 0.09 13
0.00 0ON ON ON ON 1.33 200
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Rendel Farms Applicator 7 tip sets on 20” center 4 solenoid control valves 50 gallon poly tank PTO-driven roller pump 1” supply line ½” spray line
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Johnson Farms Applicator
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Boom Width Ramps
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Nozzle Location, ft
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ate,
lbsN
/ac
3 nozzles together to make a 5 ft. section of one rate.
A challenge is the large rate steps at the higher end.
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EXTENSION AND ANALYSIS OF THE RAMP CALIBRATION STRIP
FERTILIZATION STRATEGY
D.E. Edmonds, D.B. Arnall, B. Chung, M.C. Daft, K. Girma, C.R. Dotson, B.B. England, S.L. Holtz, C.J. Mack, W.R.
Raun, J.B. Solie, R.K. Taylor, B.S. Tubaña, P.L. Turner, O.S. Walsh, D.L. Zavodny
ASA-CSSA-SSSA2007
New Orleans, LA
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INTRODUCTION
Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) in the world for cereal grain production ~ 33%
Crop production directly related to availability of N Need methodologies that consider:
Crop production practices Aesthetic qualities Economical analysis Environmental stewardship
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Ramp Calibration Strip Fertilization Strategy Concept of visually evaluating plots with incremental rates of
pre-plant N Identify minimum N rate required for maximum production
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Y 224 0 17 34 51 68 85 112 129 224 0 17 34 51 68 85 112 129 N Rate, kg/ha N Rate, kg/ha
224224
001717
3434
224224
RAMP Calibration StripRAMP Calibration Strip
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March 2007, The Furrow, Larry Reichenberger
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PURPOSE OF STUDY
Implement & Evaluate the RCS strategy in the following crops: Alfalfa Bermudagrass Corn Cotton Grain Sorghum
Extend the RCS strategy in the following crop: Wheat
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YMATERIALS & METHODS
Alfalfa, Grain Sorghum 4 replications of 5 treatments + 1 or 2 N-Ramp(s) Complete Randomized Block Design
Grain Sorghum
Trt.Pre-Plant N (kg ha-1)
Mid-Season N (kg ha-1)
1. 56 0
2. 56 84
3. 56 168
4. 56 RCS Visual
5. 56 RCS Sensor
Experiment site – R.L. Westerman Irrigation Research Center located west of Stillwater, OK.
Alfalfa
Trt.N applied after each cutting (kg ha-1)
1. 0
2. 22.4
3. 44.8
4. RCS Visual
5. RCS Sensor
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YGrain SorghumApplication of N-Ramp StrategyR.L. Westerman Irrigation Research Center at Lake Carl Blackwell
Plot size: 3 m x 6 mAlley: 1.5 m4 replicationsRamp: 4.25 m x 52 m
Treatments
(N applied mid-season)
1. 0 kg N/ ha
2. 84 kg N/ ha
3. 168 kg N/ ha
4. RCS Visual
5. RCS Sensor
N
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4 1 3 5 2
4 5 2 3 1
4 1 3 5 2
2 4 5 3 1
15.25 m3 m
6 m
1.5 m52 m
4.25 m
Rep. 1
Rep. 2
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Inconclusive for 2007 Limited number of cuttings
Average Yields 1st Cutting
5607 kg ha-1
2nd Cutting 3734 kg ha-1
Alfalfa
Trt.N applied after each cutting (kg ha-1)
1. 0
2. 22.4
3. 44.8
4. 0 - RCS Visual
5. 0 - RCS Sensor
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Average Yields
Grain SorghumTrt. Pre-Plant N
(kg ha-1)
Mid-Season N (kg ha-1)
Total N
(kg ha-1)
Yield
(kg ha-1)
Gross Return
($ ha-1)
1. 56 0 56 2776 290
2. 56 84 140 5033 488
3. 56 168 224 6166 545
4. 56 73
RCS Visual
129 4783 468
5. 56 56
RCS Sensor
112 5370 558
Gross Return: N cost = $1.01 / kg, Sorghum = $0.125 / kg
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WHEAT – EXTENSION OF N-RCS APPROACH
Fall 2006 N-Ramps placed in 586 farmer fields throughout
Oklahoma covering a service area of 81,000 hectares
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Garfield County Ramp Strips
March 22, 2007
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February/March 2007 County Extension Agents
Sensed N-Ramps Provided top-dress N
recommendations to producers
Collected data for submission to N-Ramp extension team
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Y EXTENSION OF N-RCS APPROACH IN WHEAT – RESULTS
Average Typical Top-Dress N Rate125 kg N / ha
Average RCS N-Recommendation60 kg N / ha
Average Actual Top-Dress N Applied90 kg N / ha
50 % more than the RCS recommendation73 % of typical top-dress N rate
Represents savings of $ 4.38 ha-1
Represents total savings of $ 354,375
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Current practices for making mid-season fertilizer N recommendations in most crops are not consistent from one region to the next
The N-Ramp Approach: Using automated gradients of pre-plant N fertilizer to
determine mid-season N rates based on plant response Applied methodology integrating farmer input and
insight in the decision making process Provides visual mid-season alternative approach for N
fertilization
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YEXTENSION AND ANALYSIS OF THE RAMP CALIBRATION STRIP FERTILIZATION STRATEGY
QUESTIONS
DANIEL E. EDMONDS
www.nue.okstate.edu/
