EMR’13LilleSept. 2013

Summer School EMR’13“Energetic Macroscopic Representation”

«EMR of helicopter electrical power system for its management

in different operating modes»

Dr. Nathalie DEVILLERS, Pr. Marie-Cécile PERA, Dr. Frédéric Gustin

FEMTO-ST, University of Franche-ComtéNathalie.Devillers@femto-st.fr

EMR’13, Lille, Sept. 20132

« EMR of helicopter Electrical Power System (EPS)»

Research program - supported by the Direction Générale de l’Armement

(French government defense agency)

- in partnership with : Eurocopter (an EADS company)

Cirtem (expert on power converters)

- Context -

Study of Electrical Power System in a More Electrical Aircraft (helicopter)

Helicopter Electrical Power System = System for electrical production, conversion, distribution and storage aboard the aircraft

Aims : - study a new electrical architecture- evaluate an energy management strategy- develop and test a full-scale prototype

EMR’13, Lille, Sept. 20133

« EMR of helicopter Electrical Power System (EPS)»

- Outline -

1. Helicopter electrical architecture • Classic / more electrical architecture• Aims of more electrical architecture• Different operating modes• EMR : tool for model organization

2. Energetic Macroscopic Representation of an helicopter EPS• Devices : S/G, BAT, SCAP, DC buses• EMR of the whole EPS

3. Maximal Control Structure of an helicopter EPS• Devices : S/G, BAT, SCAP, DC buses• MCS of the whole EPS• Energy management of EPS

4. Simulation of helicopter EPS modelling with Matlab® Simulink

EMR’13LilleSept. 2013

Summer School EMR’13“Energetic Macroscopic Representation”

« Helicopter electrical architecture»

EMR’13, Lille, Sept. 20135

« EMR of helicopter Electrical Power System (EPS)»

- Classic Electrical Power System -

Classic AC architecture as helicopter EPS :

- AC bus : three-phase network

- DC bus connected to AC bus with Transformer Rectifier Unit (TRU)

- Independent starting system

- One energy source per bus (no source in parallel)

- Unidirectional power flows (sources and loads)

G

AC Bus

DC Bus

Load1

=~

Load2

S Gearbox

Engine

Source2

D. Bienaimé, «Modeling and energy management of an electrical power system for aeronautic auxiliary supply », Ph.D. thesis of University of Franche-Comté, Belfort,December 19th 2012.

EMR’13, Lille, Sept. 20136

« EMR of helicopter Electrical Power System (EPS)»

- More Electrical Power System -

More electrical architecture as helicopter EPS :

- Two DC buses connected with a bidirectional chopper

- Starter/Generator system- S/G1 = APU- S/G2 = main S/G

- Generators and Energy Storage Systems (ESS) connected to the DC bus1 with converters

- Bidirectional power flows

S/G1

=~

S/G2

=~

SCAP

==

Source2

DC Bus 1

DC Bus 2

Load1

==

Load2

ACC

==

Gearbox Engine ESS

D. Bienaimé, «Modeling and energy management of an electrical power system for aeronautic auxiliary supply », Ph.D. thesis of University of Franche-Comté, Belfort, December 19th 2012.

J. Asensio-Sauto, M.C. Péra, F. Gustin, N. Devillers, M.L. Grojo, «Scalable modeling approach for assessing helicopter DC electrical power system performances», European Conference on Electrical Power and Applications (EPE), Lille, France, September 2013.

EMR’13, Lille, Sept. 20137

« EMR of helicopter Electrical Power System (EPS)»

- Aims of a more electrical aircraft -

Objectives :

- Reduce the embedded weight

Methods :

- Control of bus voltages through the different sources in all operation modes

- Meet the growing energetic requirements of the aircraft

- Optimize the global energetic efficiency

- Warranty network stability and quality and the energy availability

- Management of the energy flows by balancing the energetic requirements of the loads between the different sources according to their characteristics (energy or power source, Energy Storage System or Starter/Generators, …)

- Reduction of the filters- Addition of Energy Storage

Systems

EMR’13, Lille, Sept. 20138

« EMR of helicopter Electrical Power System (EPS)»

- Energy management in different operating modes -

Starting modes : Degraded operation modes :

EMR’13, Lille, Sept. 20139

« EMR of helicopter Electrical Power System (EPS)»

- EMR : tool for modeling organization -

No source is always connected to the network⇒ No source can set its voltage to the remaining system

⇒ All the sources must be considered as a current source

Vbus1

Vbus1

Vbus1

Vbus1

Vbus1

Vbus1

Ibus_BAT

Ibus_SCAP

Ibus_sm1

Iload1

Ibus_sm2

Idc1

SE

SE

SE

SE

SE

SE

S/G1

S/G2

Go to bus2

BAT

SCAP

load1

Vbus1Ic

DC bus1

EMR’13, Lille, Sept. 201310

« EMR of helicopter Electrical Power System (EPS)»

« Energetic Macroscopic Representation of an helicopter

Electrical Power System»

EMR’13, Lille, Sept. 201311

« EMR of helicopter Electrical Power System (EPS)»

- EMR of a Starter/Generator and its converter -Starter/Generator and its converter:

Tsm1

Ism1

Esm1Ωshaft1

Tgear1

Ωturb1

Tturb1

Vconv1

Ibus_sm1

Tsm1 Ism1

Esm1

SM

Ism1

Ωshaft1

Tgear1

Ωturb1

Tturb1 Ωshaft1

Vconv1 Vbus1

Ibus_sm1

Vbus1

mconv1

where :

turbine gear box synchronous machine AC/DC converterD. Bienaimé, N. Devillers, M.C. Péra, F. Gustin, A. Berthon et M. Hopdjanian, «Energetic Macroscopic Representation of an electric network embedded in an aircraft», IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC),Chicago, USA, September 2011.

EMR’13, Lille, Sept. 201312

« EMR of helicopter Electrical Power System (EPS)»

- EMR of the battery and its converter -Battery and its converter :

VBAT

IBAT

Vchop1

Ibus_BAT

chopper 1 battery

Vbus1

VBATIBAT

Vchop1

Ibus_BAT

Vbus1 IBAT

SE

mchop1

where model parameters are dependent on SOC and temperature

D. Bienaimé, N. Devillers, M.C. Péra,F. Gustin, A. Berthon, M.L. Grojo,«Energetic Macroscopic Representationas an efficient tool for energymanagement in a hybrid electricalsystem embedded in a helicopter»,Conference on Electrical Systems forAircraft, Railway and Ship propulsion(ESARS), Bologna, Italy, October 2012.

N. Devillers, «Characterization and modeling of storage components», Ph.D. thesis of University of Franche-Comté, Belfort, France, November 29th 2012.

EMR’13, Lille, Sept. 201313

« EMR of helicopter Electrical Power System (EPS)»

- EMR of the supercapacitor pack and its converter -Supercapacitor pack and its converter :

Vbus1

where model parameters are dependent on voltage and temperature

VSCAPVchop2

Ibus_SCAP

ISCAP

chopper 2 supercapacitors

VSCAPISCAP

Vchop2

Ibus_SCAP

Vbus1 ISCAP

SE

mchop2

D. Bienaimé, N. Devillers, M.C. Péra,F. Gustin, A. Berthon, M.L. Grojo,«Energetic Macroscopic Representationas an efficient tool for energymanagement in a hybrid electricalsystem embedded in a helicopter»,Conference on Electrical Systems forAircraft, Railway and Ship propulsion(ESARS), Bologna, Italy, October 2012.

N. Devillers, S. Jemei, M.C. Péra, D. Bienaimé, F. Gustin, «Review of characterization methods for supercapacitor modelling», Journal of Power Sources 246 (2014)596-608.

EMR’13, Lille, Sept. 201314

« EMR of helicopter Electrical Power System (EPS)»

- EMR of the DC buses and DC/DC converter -DC buses and the DC/DC converter :

Vsource2 Ibus2

Idc2

Vdc2

Idc1

Vbus2

Isource2

Iload2

source 2 load 2 DC bus 2 DC/DC converter

Iload1Ic

DC bus 1 load1

Vbus1

SE

Vsource2

SE

Idc2

Ibus2

Isource2

Idc2

Vdc2 Vbus1

Idc1Vbus2

Vbus2

Vbus2

Vbus2

Isource2

Iload2

mdcdc

Ic

SE

Vbus1 Iload1

Vbus1

D. Bienaimé, «Modeling and energy management of an electrical power system for aeronautic auxiliary supply », Ph.D. thesis of University of Franche-Comté, Belfort, December 19th 2012.

EMR’13, Lille, Sept. 201315

« EMR of helicopter Electrical Power System (EPS)»

- Helicopter Electrical Power System -

Tsm1

Ism1

Esm1Ωshaft1

Tgear1

Ωturb1

Tturb1

Vconv1

Tsm2

Ism2

Esm2Ωshaft2

Tgear2

Ωturb2

Tturb2

Vconv2

Vsource2 Ibus2

Idc2

Vdc2

VBAT

IBAT

Vchop1

Ibus_BAT

VSCAPVchop2

Ibus_SCAP

ISCAP

Vbus1

Ibus_sm1

Iload1

Ibus_sm2

Idc1

Vbus2

Isource2

Iload2

Ic

turbine gear box synchronous machine AC/DC converter DC bus 1 load1

chopper 1 battery

chopper 2 supercapacitorssource 2 load 2 DC bus 2DC/DC

converter

D. Bienaimé, «Modeling and energy management of an electrical power system for aeronautic auxiliary supply », Ph.D. thesis of University of Franche-Comté, Belfort, December 19th 2012.

EMR’13, Lille, Sept. 201316

« EMR of helicopter Electrical Power System (EPS)»

- EMR of the helicopter Electrical Power System -

Tsm1 Ism1

Esm1

SM

Ism1

Ωshaft1

Tgear1

Ωturb1

Tturb1 Ωshaft1

Vconv1

Tsm2 Ism2

Esm2

SM

Ism2

Ωshaft2

Tgear2

Ωturb2

Tturb2 Ωshaft2

Vconv2

SE

Vsource2

SE

Idc2

Ibus2

Isource2

Idc2

Vdc2

VBATIBAT

Vchop1

Ibus_BAT

Vbus1 IBAT

SE

VSCAPISCAP

Vchop2

Ibus_SCAP

Vbus1 ISCAP

SE

SE

Vbus1

Ibus_sm1 Vbus1 Iload1

Vbus1

Ibus_sm2

Vbus1

Idc1Vbus2

Vbus2

Vbus2

Vbus2

Isource2

Iload2

mdcdc

Vbus1Ic

mconv2

mconv1 mchop1

mchop2

EMR of the helicopter EPS:

5 converters => 5 control parameters

D. Bienaimé, «Modeling and energy management of an electrical power system for aeronautic auxiliary supply », Ph.D. thesis of University of Franche-Comté, Belfort, December 19th 2012.

EMR’13, Lille, Sept. 201317

« EMR of helicopter Electrical Power System (EPS)»

« Maximal Control Structure of an helicopter Electrical Power System»

EMR’13, Lille, Sept. 201318

« EMR of helicopter Electrical Power System (EPS)»

- Maximal Control Structure of the helicopter EPS -MCS of Starter/Generators:

Tsm1Ism1

Esm1

SM

Ism1

Ωshaft1

Tgear1

Ωturb1

Tturb1 Ωshaft1

Ωshaft1_ref Tsm1_ref Ism1_ref

Vconv1

Vconv1_ref

Tsm2Ism2

Esm2

SM

Ism2

Ωshaft2

Tgear2

Ωturb2

Tturb2 Ωshaft2

Ism2_ref

Vconv2

Vconv1_ref

Ibus_sm2_ref

Vbus1

Ibus_sm1

Vbus1

Ibus_sm2

mconv2

mconv1

Starter mode :speed control

Generator mode :current control

D. Bienaimé, N. Devillers, M.C. Péra, F. Gustin, A. Berthon, M.L. Grojo, «Energetic Macroscopic Representation as an efficient tool for energy management in a hybridelectrical system embedded in a helicopter», Conference on Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway and Ship propulsion (ESARS), Bologna, Italy, October 2012.

EMR’13, Lille, Sept. 201319

« EMR of helicopter Electrical Power System (EPS)»

- Maximal Control Structure of the helicopter EPS -MCS of Energy Storage Systems:

Battery:current control

Supercapacitor pack:current control

VBATIBAT

Vchop1

Ibus_BAT

Vbus1 IBAT

SE

Ibus_BAT_ref

IBAT_ref

Vchop1_ref

VSCAPISCAP

Vchop2

Ibus_SCAP

Vbus1 ISCAP

SE

Ibus_SCAP_ref

ISCAP_ref

Vchop2_ref

mchop1

mchop2

D. Bienaimé, N. Devillers, M.C. Péra, F. Gustin, A. Berthon, M.L. Grojo, «Energetic Macroscopic Representation as an efficient tool for energy management in a hybridelectrical system embedded in a helicopter», Conference on Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway and Ship propulsion (ESARS), Bologna, Italy, October 2012.

EMR’13, Lille, Sept. 201320

« EMR of helicopter Electrical Power System (EPS)»

- Maximal Control Structure of the helicopter EPS -MCS of buses:

SE

Vsource2

SE

Idc2

Ibus2

Isource2

Idc2

Vdc2

SEVbus1 Iload1

Vbus1

Idc1Vbus2

Vbus2

Vbus2

Vbus2

Isource2

Iload2

Vbus2_ref Idc2_ref Vdc2_ref

mdcdc

Vbus1_ref

Vbus1

Ic

Ic

Ic_ref Ibus_SCAP_ref

Ibus_BAT

Ibus_sm2

Ibus_sm1Idc1

Iload1

Bus 1: voltage control and association with current control loop of supercapacitor pack (source with the fastest time response)

D. Bienaimé, «Modeling and energy management of an electrical power system for aeronautic auxiliary supply », Ph.D. thesis of University of Franche-Comté, Belfort,December 19th 2012.

Bus 2:voltage control and association with a current control loop

EMR’13, Lille, Sept. 201321

« EMR of helicopter Electrical Power System (EPS)»

- Maximal Control Structure of the helicopter EPS -MCS of helicopter EPS:

D. Bienaimé, «Modeling and energy management of an electrical power system for aeronautic auxiliary supply », Ph.D. thesis of University of Franche-Comté, Belfort, December 19th 2012.

EMR’13, Lille, Sept. 201322

« EMR of helicopter Electrical Power System (EPS)»

- Energy management of the helicopter EPS -Energy management of helicopter EPS:

D. Bienaimé, «Modeling and energy management of an electrical power system for aeronautic auxiliary supply », Ph.D. thesis of University of Franche-Comté, Belfort, December 19th 2012.

EMR’13, Lille, Sept. 201323

« EMR of helicopter Electrical Power System (EPS)»

« Simulation of helicopter EPS modelling with Matlab® Simulink»

EMR’13, Lille, Sept. 201324

« EMR of helicopter Electrical Power System (EPS)»

- Energy management of the helicopter EPS -Energy management of helicopter EPS:

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 140000.9995

1

1.0005

time [s]

volta

ge [V

]

Vbus1

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000

1

1

1

1

1

time [s]

volta

ge [V

]

Vbus2

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 140000

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

time [s]

curre

nt [A

]

Iload1Ioad2

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000-1

-0.5

0

0.5

time [s]

curre

nt [A

]

Ibus sm1Ibus sm2

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000-1

-0.5

0

0.5

time [s]

curre

nt [A

]

Ibus ACCIbus SCAP

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 140000

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

time [s]

stat

e-of

-cha

rge

[pu]

SOC ACCSOC SCAP

EMR’13, Lille, Sept. 201325

« EMR of helicopter Electrical Power System (EPS)»

- Conclusion and outlooks -

Conclusion and outlooks :

- Characterization and modeling of the EPS devices

- Simulation of the helicopter EPS in different operating modes

- Tests in a full-scale prototype with energy management

- Comparison of model simulation results with experimental results

EMR’13, Lille, Sept. 201326

« EMR of helicopter Electrical Power System (EPS)»

« BIOGRAPHIES AND REFERENCES »

EMR’13, Lille, Sept. 201327

« EMR of helicopter Electrical Power System (EPS)»

- References -

D. Bienaimé, N. Devillers, M.C. Péra, F. Gustin, A. Berthon et M. Hopdjanian, «Energetic MacroscopicRepresentation of an electric network embedded in an aircraft», IEEE Vehicle Power and PropulsionConference (VPPC), Chicago, USA, September 2011.

D. Bienaimé, N. Devillers, M.C. Péra, F. Gustin, A. Berthon, M.L. Grojo, «Energetic MacroscopicRepresentation as an efficient tool for energy management in a hybrid electrical system embedded in ahelicopter», Conference on Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway and Ship propulsion (ESARS),Bologna, Italy, October 2012.

J. Asensio-Sauto, M.L. Grojo, M.C. Péra, F. Gustin, «Modeling and simulation of a helicopter embeddeddirect current electrical power distribution network», Conference on More Electrical Aircraft (MEA),Bordeaux, France, November 2012.

J. Asensio-Sauto, M.C. Péra, F. Gustin, N. Devillers, M.L. Grojo, «Scalable modeling approach forassessing helicopter DC electrical power system performances», European Conference on ElectricalPower and Applications (EPE), Lille, France, September 2013.

N. Devillers, S. Jemei, M.C. Péra, D. Bienaimé, F. Gustin, «Review of characterization methods forsupercapacitor modelling», Journal of Power Sources 246 (2014) 596-608.

N. Devillers, «Characterization and modeling of storage components», Ph.D. thesis of University ofFranche-Comté, Belfort, France, November 29th 2012.

D. Bienaimé, «Modeling and energy management of an electrical power system for aeronautic auxiliarysupply », Ph.D. thesis of University of Franche-Comté, Belfort, December 19th 2012.

EMR’13, Lille, Sept. 201328

« EMR of helicopter Electrical Power System (EPS)»

- Authors -

Pr. Marie-Cécile PERAFEMTO-ST, University of Franche-Comté, FranceFull professor since 2008, Deputy Director of FEMTO-STPhD in Electrical Engineering at the INP of Grenoble (1993)Research topics: EMR, Optimized energy management and diagnosis of electrical systems (Fuel Cells, Storage systems…) for EVs and HEVs

Dr. Nathalie DEVILLERSFEMTO-ST, University of Franche-Comté, FranceResearch Engineer since 2009PhD in Electrical Engineering at University of Franche-Comté (2012)Research topics: Electrical Energy Storage Subsystems

Dr. Frédéric GUSTINFEMTO-ST, University of Franche-Comté, FranceAssitant professor, Director of the Institute of Technology of BelfortPhD in Electrical Engineering at the University of Franche-Comté (2000)Research topics: power electronics, converters and simulation methods