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Sericulture in Lao PDR
History of Sericulture in Laos
Types of silkworm and mulberry raised in Laos
Sericulture responsible for public and private sectors
Statistic of sericulture silk production
Varieties of mulberry and silkworm
Silk and mulberry products
Problems and Challenges
2
3
History of Sericulture in Laos
In 1970, Sericulture Station was established and belong to Hatsaiphong
District , Vientiane Capital and supported by the Government of Japan
(JICA).
Short-term duties: breeding, feeding, and adapting to the environment
Promotion people and farmers to growing local for feeding silkworm
variety,
In that time is belong to the Ministry of Industry and Commerce to
manage and after that move to Tha ngon plain to manage and after that
belong to the Department of Agriculture and Forestry, Vientiane Capital
managed by a senior expert from Japan to help introduce and
implementing.
History of sericulture in Laos
(continued)
Until 1986, framers use to cultivated native mulberry varieties for
feeding of silkworm but yield of leaves is low/ batched of 2-3 tons/ha,
Laos produced 90% in traditional varieties of silk only mulberry viz.
During 1986-1988 the improve mulberry varieties were brought planted
and distributed to promote farmers, who still reared silkworm for the
whole country and can get high yield of 20-22 tone/ha. The supply of silk
yarn is less then demand, Thus import from Asian countries nearly 150-
200 tone of silk.
In 2016, it has been assigned and transferred activities to the National
Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute until now and has
launched Project Lao-AFACI, Korea Cooperation Program.
4
Sericulture cultivation in Lao PDR
Farmers has been by practical inherited from older
generation and used mulberry leaf for feeding and rearing
native silkworm by natural and traditional.
The control and management of the mulberry statistics has
not been selected. As the survey in 2006-2009 by the (SES)
total area 859 ha some mulberry area increase step by step
in 15 provinces.
5
Sericulture research and development
In 1970 the Sericulture Extension Station (SES) was established hatxayfong district in Vientiane through the cooperation between the Lao government and Japan government (JICA).
Role and function focused on providing the short-term training for staffs and villagers to silkworm rearing techniques as well as for mulberry planting, eggs production and silkworm rearing including cross-breeding. Japanese experts have conducted research and assisted with the training and development.
Before 1986 at the station was planted varieties namely Mone keo, Mone tadam, Mone nang noij, Mone kunpai, K1, K2 some of which are traditional and improved varieties from 1986 up to now.
We began to introduce new varieties from Thai border and use Bury rum 60 (BR 60). For the native silkworm conserving and provide to farmers.
Many teams of Japanese expert have brought hybrid silkworm from Japan to test with cross-breeding and making new variety crossed with Lao native silkworms in order to develop improved varieties. Provide mulberry sapling and produce silkworm eggs to villagers and some private company and NGO’ s. Throughout the country.
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Objective and target :
Short-term training: Mulberry tree plantation and Silkworm rearing in
country until the entrepreneurs to engage in Handicraft business.
Produce mulberry tree seedling production the technique by Cutting
and providing to farmers.
Produce Sheets egg local varieties and Hybrid variety to farmers for
silk worm rearing for silk production.
Silk production and silk yarn for entrepreneurs and to Handicraft
business Units. (54 Companies: Such as: Chinda Silk – Cotton,
Handicraft Sekong, Nikone Handicraft Center, Phontong Handicrafts
Cooperative and Cama Crafts, Phaeng Mai Gallery and Phakaned
Handicraft …. In Lao PDR)
7
Mulberry Seedling Distribution
In general, mulberry plant cultivated in Laos is for long
time. There are some Varieties have been cultivated in
whole country such as Mone keo, Mone tadam, Mone nang
noij, Mone kunpai and Mone pa (wild mulberry)
Until 1986 they used of improved varieties BR 60 and
distributed area in the whole country approximately 70%
was used BR 60, In 2006 the number of mulberry area
increase step by step, but the yield of cocoon and raw silk
yarn production is less. Because in some zone farmers
harvested of mulberry leaves twice/year for rearing that’ t
why the needed of leaves for feeding is insufficient.
Every year SES supply mulberry seedling to the readers in
the whole country during 2006-2010 amount 1,000,000
plants, For SES 200,000 plants, Vientiane capital 250,000
plants and another provinces 500,000 plants.
8
Table 2. Distributed Seedling Mulberry
2006-2010
9
No Place Year
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Total
1 SES 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,000 200,000
2 VT
capital
50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 250,000
3 Another
provinces
110,000 110,000 110,000 110,000 110,000 550,000
Total 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 1,000,000
Table 3. Mulberry Area cultivation in
each province.
10
Zone No. of
provinces
Provinces covered
Northern part 7 Houaphan, Luangprabang, Xiengkhoung,
Oudomxai, Borkeo, Xaiyabury and
Luangnamtha
Central part 5 Vientiane province, Vientaine capital,
Borlikhamxay, Khammouan, Savanhnaket
Southern part 3 Saravanh, Sekong and Champasack
Total 15
Table 4. Mulberry cultivated area 2006-2010
11
Year Mulberry
2006 750
2007 820
2008 839
2009 859
Sources: Sericulture Extension at Saifong Vientiane
Silk yarn production
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1. Silk yarn production
In 2006-2010 cocoon production 70% of native silkworm varieties used and 30%
hybrid silkworm varieties were used and raw silk production of 10-12 tons. Until
2008-2010 the need of hybrid silkworm rearing 50% and raw silk production was 15-
20 tons as show in table 5.
Year Cocoon production (Tons) Silk Yarn production
(Tons)
2006 640 10
2007 768 12
2008 900 15
2009 1,200 20
2010 1,700 23
Total 5,208 80
Sources: Sericulture Extension at Saifong Vientiane
In general in community condition, Farmers are working directly by traditional hand
reeling after harvesting of fresh cocoon, which 90% they reel by traditional method
but they use by hand of electrified reeling machines is still rather limited because
farmers popularly reared native silkworm varieties and most villagers process the raw
silk by themselves after the reel it from the cocoon. They soak it removed the sticky
resin and make the sink soft and absorbent. The raw silk production in Lao PDR if
compare to the demand is high than supply. Production at the village level and for
household consumption.
In 2006-2010 the raw silk yarn production was only 16-20 tons per. year is it less then
the demand of more than 200-400 tons per year for import.
Silkworm eggs.
13
Every year SES produced eggs warm both Polyvoltine and Bivotine from. We
supplies to the villagers according to the order in 2006-2010, we distributed from
2,500 of sheet eggs but demand high up to 6,100 of sheet eggs. Approximately 70%
Multivoltine of eggs worm produced and 30% Bivoltine of sheet eggs produced but
the capacity of this sericulture SES is able to produce eggs worm to 1,000-1,700 of
sheet eggs per year. The reason 70% of polyvoltine farmers popular reared and races
silkworm by themselves, easier for disease control and resistance of disease and
according the order as show in table.
Table 6. Production eggs worm 2006-2010
Year Supply of sheet eggs Demand of sheet eggs
2006 400 800
2007 450 1,000
2008 500 1,200
2009 550 1,400
2010 600 1,700
Total 2,500 6,100
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District Village Total family Total area Remak
Kham districtPhonkham 10 3,75
Tha 10 0,255
Khun districtXang 10 0,912
Nasee 10 1,14
Peck distrct
Mee 10 2,069
Mone 10 1,138
Company 1 Mulberry extension
Average 61 9,291
Collected family planted mulberry – silkworm raising at
Xieng khuang province
15
District Village Total family Total area
Xam neurBan Thum 10 0,5
Ban pung 10 1
Vieng xai Ban vieng xai 10 3,7
Xam taiBan phat tai 10 0,5
Ban phat kang 10 0,712
Average 50 6,412
Collected family planted mulberry – silkworm
raising at Huaphan province
16
Mulberry are farmers use for silkworm raising in Xiengkuang
Mulberry variety
Trees district mulberry growing area at Xiengkuangprovinces
Peck district Kham district Khun district
Ban mee Ban mone Company Phone kham
Bantha
Ban xang Ban nasy
Keo
Pa
Yod dam
Noi mulberry
Pang yod kao
B L 60
Pai
Momne
China
17
Mulberry are farmers use for silkworm raising in Xiengkuang
Mone keo Mone Noi Mone pa
Mone China Pangyotkhao Pangyotdam
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Silkworm variety
Trees district silkworm raising in XiengkuangPeuk Kham Khune
Ban mee
Ban mone
company Ban phonekam Bantha
Ban xang Ban nasee
Laiyer variety
Far variety
Hybrid Lao+Thai
19
District Village Total familyTotal area /ha
Xam neua Ban tham 10 0,5
Ban poung 10 1
Vieng xai Ban vieng xai 10 3,7
Xam thaiBan pat tai 10 0,5
Ban pat kang 10 0,712
Average 50 6,412
Collected family planted mulberry – silkworm
raising at Huaphan province
20
Mulberry varietyTrees district mulberry growing area at Haophan
provincesXam neua Vieng xai Xam thai
Bantham
Banpoung
Ban vienxai
Ban pat thai
Ban pat kang
Keo
Pa
Yod dam
Noi
Fly
B R 60
Bai pho
Guo
Yod dee
Mulberry are farmers use for silkworm raising in Huaphan
21
Types of mulberry tree farmers still use for rearing silkworm
Mone Keo
ວ
Mone pa Mone Noi
Mone BR 60
Mone Ngao
Mone baipho
22
Silkworm variety
Trees district silkworm raising in Huaphan
Xam neua Vieng xai Xam thai
Bantham
Banpoung
Ban vienxai
Ban pat thai
Ban pat kang
Laiyer variety
Kham khao
Problem and Constraints
The present constraints in sericulture are listed below.
There is no sericulture research institution.
Lack of specialist research activity as well as research institution.
Research and development of sericulture has not been widely promoted.
Majority of the sericulture farmers are under traditional system resulting in
low quality and productivity of cocoon and silk yarn.
Most of sericulture farmers have to use local races of silkworm due to
shortage of research activity and poor accessibility to improved races new
variety.
The price of silk yarn is low and cycle to reared for earn money time
consuming.
The sericulture farmers are lacking new technology.
Low investment in sericulture development. The area of mulberry garden
still not expand.
23
24
That development promotes planting mulberry and
silkworm raising in the 2 provinces are falling the planted
area or silkworm raising with silk production also as
reduced.
The income from planting mulberry-silkworm raising and
silk yarn is low price, make farmers to stop this work and
turned to other crop if calculate with average daily income
is very low.
A sensitivity must put up with practical and the results is
delayed taken more steps not accumulating wages
compared to wages and compensation.
Conclusion
25
Concerned parties not yes to strictly the import of silk yarn
from abroad.
Alternative of farmers to turned other crops hat good income,
according to market mechanisms.
Potential environment condition have also growing mulberry-
silkworm raising, the skill wisdom of indigenous people in
weaving also available conserve the cultural heritage.
Conclusion (con t)
Thank you for your attention
Brief Report on Sericulture in Lao PDR
1. Introduction.
Sericulture or silk farming is the reading of silkworm of production of raw silk. Although
there are several commercial species of silkworm, Bombyx mori is the most widely used and
intensively studies.
Silk has been produced in Laos many years ago at the household level. No one knows, the
reason of our sericulture history we don’ t have sufficient number of researchers and
scientist on sericulture but we do generally extension work, we can assume that by crossbow
wearing cloths. The production has been small at the village level and for household
consumption.
Presently most villagers who produced silk continue to do so in traditional ways and there
has been very little improvement or change. All of the steps in the process are hand done in
traditional ways including the raising of silkworm, reeling , spinning, dyeing and weaving.
Thus production is limited and does not meet local needs. Production in some areas is
dependent on rainfall. which limits the number of batches which can be raised per year.
Traditional methods have only produced small yields both in terms of amount of leaf from
mulberry trees, quantity of trees in a field size and quality of cocoon. Therefore like to rear
native silkworm for easy to control and disinfection of disease.
Until 1986, framers use to cultivated native mulberry varieties for feeding of silkworm but
yield of leaves is low/ batched of 2-3 tons/ha, While Laos produced 90% in traditional
varieties of silk only mulberry viz. During 1986-1988 the improve mulberry varieties were
brought planted and distributed to promote farmers, who still reared silkworm for the whole
country and can get high yield of 20-22 tone/ha. The supply of silk yarn is less then demand,
Thus import from Asian countries nearly 150-200 tone of silk.
2. Sericulture cultivation in Lao PDR
Framers has been by practical inherited from older generation and used mulberry leaf for
feeding and rearing native silkworm by natural and traditional. The control and management
of the mulberry statistics has not been selected. As the survey in 2006-2009 by the (SES)
total area 859 ha some mulberry area increase step by step in 15 provinces.
3. Sericulture research and development
In 1970 the Sericulture Extension Station (SES) was established hatxayfong district in
Vientiane through the cooperation between the Lao government and Japan government
(JICA). In the role and function focused on providing the short-term training for staffs and
villagers to silkworm rearing techniques as well as for mulberry planting, eggs production
and silkworm rearing including cross-breeding. Japanese experts have conducted research
and assisted with the training and development.
Before 1986 at the station was planted varieties namely Mone keo, Mone tadam, Mone nang
noij, Mone kunpai, K1, K2 some of which are traditional and improved varieties from 1986
up to now. We began to introduce new varieties from Thai border and use Bury rum 60 (BR
60). For the native silkworm conserving and provide to farmers. Many teams of Japanese
expert have brought hybrid silkworm from Japan to test with cross-breeding and making new
variety crossed with Lao native silkworms in order to develop improved varieties. Provide
mulberry sapling and produce silkworm eggs to villagers and some private company and
NGO’ s. Throughout the country.
4. The Objective on Sericulture Extension Station and implementing the following
activities for the whole country are.
1. Providing the short-term training
2. Production and distribution sapling mulberry seedling
3. Production eggs worm and distribution
4. Rearing Silkworm for selecting parents, cross-breeding and genetic conservation
5. Improvement Sericulture Extension Station to Sericulture Research Station
1.1 Every year the SES: provide the short term training course to the staffs and framers in
the whole country in the year provided twice/year for the (SES), Total number of
participants amount 1,405 persons since 2006-2010 (5 years), for the SES 150 persons
and others province 1,255 persons such: Northern part 450 person, Central 3805 persons
and southern 420 persons. Particularly the lesson what they learned from SES to
implement ate in the local area able rearing silkworm produced cocoon and race
silkworm by them self especially for the native silkworm varieties.
Table 1. No. of participants training course from 2006-2010.
No Place Year
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Total
1 SES 30 30 30 30 30 150
2 Northern 60 80 100 100 110 450
3 Central 50 60 80 95 100 385
4 Southern 50 70 80 100 120 420
Total 190 220 240 280 290 1,405
2.2 Mulberry Seedling Distribution
In general, mulberry plant cultivated in Laos is for long time. There are some Varieties
have been cultivated in whole country such as Mone keo, Mone tadam, Mone nang noij,
Mone kunpai and Mone pa (wild mulberry) until 1986 they used of improved varieties
BR 60 and distributed area in the whole country approximately 70% was used BR 60, In
2006 the number of mulberry area increase step by step, but the yield of cocoon and raw
silk yarm production is less. Because in some zone farmers harvested of mulberry leaves
twice/year for rearing that’ t why the needed of leaves for feeding is insufficient.
Every year SES supply mulberry seedling to the readers in the whole country during
2006-2010 amount 1,000,000 plants, For SES 200,000 plants, Vientiane capital 250,000
plants and another provinces 500,000 plants.
Table 2. Distributed Seedling Mulberry 2006-2010
No Place Year
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Total
1 SES 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,000 200,000
2 VT capital 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 250,000
3 Another
provinces
110,000 110,000 110,000 110,000 110,000 550,000
Total 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 1,000,000
Table 3. Mulberry Area cultivation in each province.
Zone No. of provinces Provinces covered
Northern part 7 Houaphan, Luangprabang, Xiengkhoung,
Oudomxai, Borkeo, Xaiyabury and
Luangnamtha
Central part 5 Vientiane province, Vientaine capital,
Borlikhamxay, Khammouan, Savanhnaket
Southern part 3 Saravanh, Sekong and Champasack
Total 15
Table 4. Mulberry cultivated area 2006-2010
Year Mulberry
2006 750
2007 820
2008 839
2009 859
Sources: Sericulture Extension at Saifong Vientiane
5. Sericulture Cultivation in Lao PDR
Farmers has been by practical inherited from older generation and used mulberry leaf for
feeding and rearing native silkworm by natural and traditional. The control and
management of mulberry statistics has not been selected. As the survey in 2006-2009 by
the SES total area 859 ha some mulberry area increase step by step in 15 provinces.
6. Silk yarn production
In 2006-2010 cocoon production 70% of native silkworm varieties used and 30% hybrid
silkworm varieties were used and raw silk production of 10-12 tons. Until 2008-2010 the
need of hybrid silkworm rearing 50% and raw silk production was 15-20 tons as show in
table 5.
Year Cocoon production (Tons) Silk Yarn production (Tons)
2006 640 10
2007 768 12
2008 900 15
2009 1,200 20
2010 1,700 23
Total 5,208 80
Sources: Sericulture Extension at Saifong Vientiane
In general in community condition, Farmers are working directly by traditional hand
reeling after harvesting of fresh cocoon, which 90% they reel by traditional method but
they use by hand of electrified reeling machines is still rather limited because farmers
popularly reared native silkworm varieties and most villagers process the raw silk by
themselves after the reel it from the cocoon. They soak it removed the sticky resin and
make the sink soft and absorbent. The raw silk production in Lao PDR if compare to the
demand is high than supply. Production at the village level and for household
consumption.
In 2006-2010 the raw silk yarn production was only 16-20 tons per. year is it less then the
demand of more than 200-400 tons per year for import.
7. Silkworm eggs.
Every year SES produced eggs warm both Polyvoltine and Bivotine from. We supplies to
the villagers according to the order in 2006-2010, we distributed from 2,500 of sheet eggs
but demand high up to 6,100 of sheet eggs. Approximately 70% Multivoltine of eggs
worm produced and 30% Bivoltine of sheet eggs produced but the capacity of this
sericulture SES is able to produce eggs worm to 1,000-1,700 of sheet eggs per year. The
reason 70% of polyvoltine farmers popular reared and races silkworm by themselves,
easier for disease control and resistance of disease and according the order as show in
table.
Table 6. Production eggs worm 2006-2010
Year Supply of sheet eggs Demand of sheet eggs
2006 400 800
2007 450 1,000
2008 500 1,200
2009 550 1,400
2010 600 1,700
Total 2,500 6,100
8. Problem and constraints
The present constraints in sericulture are listed below.
There is no sericulture research institution.
Lack of specialist research activity as well as research institution.
Research and development of sericulture has not been widely promoted.
Majority of the sericulture farmers are under traditional system resulting in low
quality and productivity of cocoon and silk yarn.
Most of sericulture farmers have to use local races of silkworm due to shortage of
research activity and poor accessibility to improved races new variety.
The price of silk yarn is low and cycle to reared for earn money time consuming.
The sericulture farmers are lacking new technology.
Low investment in sericulture development. The area of mulberry garden still not
expand.
9. Conclusion
In Lao PDR silk has been produced since longtime ago. Loa people, women in particular
wear nice traditional clothes (Sin) made of silk woven by themselves but the supply of
silk is cover only 2-10% of demand and every year. The import of silk is increasing to
satisfy the weaving handicraft. Therefore it is a great imposture to improve all chain of
sericulture starting from mulberry production up to silkworm rearing and silk production.
In term of mulberry production we should concentrate effort on mulberry tree selection
and genetic stock maintaining by creating 1-2 more station in different agro ecological
zone (Northern and southern)
At the same time the improved variety like BR 60 should be diffused by extension
worker in different part of the country. The search for planting techniques including local
varieties has to be continued. Similarly, the breeding of silk worm should be encouraged
in both local and hybrid races to increase the yield.
For this purpose it is essential to develop human resources and infrastructure both in the
field and research institution levels. Funding by government. International agencies.
NGO and private companies is required for future development of silk industry in Laos.
Mr. Souvanh THADAVONG
