Sharing Law Enforcement Services 1 ICJIA Shared Services

Sharing Law Enforcement Services

1

ICJIA Shared Services

The Law Enforcement Landscape

• 18,000 state and local law enforcement agencies in US

• Much different from other countries:– Canada 80, England 40, Japan 50

• 765,000 sworn personnel• 49% employ less than 10 full-time

officers• 2/3 of officers work for agencies with

100 or more sworn officers

2


Police Expenditure 1982-2007


3

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

$0

$20

$40

$60

$80

$100

$120

Direct Expenditures on PoliceBil-lions

Fragmentation is Good…

• Local control• Career choices• Bigger is not necessarily better

4


… and Bad

• Offenders do not recognize jurisdictional boundaries

• Crime control strategy should be more regional

• Duplication of facilities, communications, equipment, etc.

• Peer emulation• Duplication of administration• Requires more police officers

5


Consider Minimum Staffing6

3 officers, 1 sgt. 3 officers, 1 sgt.

WPD EPD


7

Forms of Sharing

• Functional Consolidation• Regionalization• Metropolitan / City-County

Consolidation• Contracting• Local Merger• Public Safety


Functional Consolidation

• Combined Dispatch• Regional Drug and Vehicle Theft

Groups• Major Crime Task Forces• Major Crash Assistance Team (MCAT)• Regional SWAT Team

8


Regional Policing

• Northern York County Regional Police Department– Formed in 1972– 2 Boroughs, 6 Townships– 50 sworn officers– Each municipality selects a

commissioner

• About 30 regional agencies in PA

9



10

Metro / City-County Consolidation

• Nashville• Las Vegas• Savannah – Chatham • Indianapolis• Jacksonville - Duval County• Louisville – Jefferson County


11

Contracting


12

• Generally offered by sheriff• King County Washington


13 LOS ANGELES COUNTY SHERIFF'S DEPARTMENT

DEPUTY SHERIFF SERVICE UNIT CONTRACT CITIES

FISCAL YEAR 2010-2011

CATEGORY DEPUTY DEPUTY DEPUTY DEPUTY NO-RELIEF 40 HOUR 56 HOUR 70 HOUR

Salaries (Station Personnel)Sworn personnel:

Deputy, relief deputy 84,123 92,535 129,549 161,937 Watch Deputy 2,921 3,213 4,498 5,623Investigator 7,486 8,235 11,528 14,411Sergeants 10,823 11,905 16,667 20,834Lieutenants 4,968 5,465 7,651 9,563Captain 1,082 1,190 1,666 2,083

Civilian:Clerical, Desk Operations, & L.E.T.s 9,771 10,748 15,047 18,809

Employee BenefitsSworn Personnel 60,300 66,330 92,862 116,078Civilian Personnel 3,945 4,340 6,075 7,594

OvertimeSworn Personnel 3,001 3,301 4,622 5,777

Services and SuppliesAuto (Maintenance & Replacement) 2,801 3,081 4,314 5,392Other 1,920 2,113 2,957 3,696

General County OverheadDepartment Indirect SupportContract Law Enforcement Bureau

SERVICE UNIT COST $193,141 $212,456 $297,437 $371,796CLEB:MKS:04/06/2010

Local Merger

• Winter Park/Fraser Police Colorado– 2005– Winter Park serves as the managing partner– Winter Park is responsible for managing all

employment matters, insurance, and other related matters

– All personnel are employees of Winter Park– The Police Chief reports directly to the Fraser

Town Manager and Winter Park Town Manager– All Police Officers are sworn to serve and

protect both municipalities

14


Public Safety

• Change in Fire Industry

• About 130 fully integrated departments

• Very efficient– Traverse City

Michigan employs 43% more sworn officers (police and fire) than the similar cities with public safety

• COPS Study


15

16

Why Consolidations Fail

• Citizens value local control• Most public safety executives and

staff are content with their organizations and see no particular benefit to change-personal stake

• Organizations, even small ones, tend to place great emphasis on their unique identity

• Strong opposition from employee groups

• Expected cost savings are often not realized


Willowbrook-Burr Ridge 2007

• Shared a border• Each had about 26 sworn officers• 2006 hours on calls for service

– Willowbrook 4335 Hours– Burr Ridge 4346 Hours.

• Main motivation was a new building and concern about sustainability

17


18

Process

• Internal Committee• Outside consultant

– Two-stage – No job loss

• Conducted separate analysis of each agency and then described what the new one would look like.


Major Issues

• Workload analysis indicated that a combined department could be one half of the size of the two agencies

• Chiefs were supportive but cautious• Significant resistance from employee

groups• Uneven support from village boards• “No job loss” made savings seem

very remote

19


Ideas can Re-emerge20

“Burr Ridge, Willowbrook, Clarendon Hills and Hinsdale officials are weighing whether to combine the villages’ police departments in an effort to save money and operate more efficiently”. Chicago Tribune 2-1- 2010.


Holland, Michigan 2008

• Study commissioned when both the police and fire chiefs announced their retirement

• Separate studies of police and fire• High quality organizations with some

inefficiencies• Study moved very slowly• No agenda!

21


22


Traverse City Workload Analysis 2010

• Citizen committee made sweeping recommendations for reducing costs of government

• Consultant engaged to look at police • Unlike Holland, study moved very

quickly

23


Key Issues

• How many officers were required• Opportunities for sharing services • What about public safety• Costs for sheriff’s road patrol

24


Sharing Services • TCPD had excess capacity in patrol• GTSD provided both general fund

road patrol and under contract.– Garfield Township

• TCPD and GTSD are highly integrated

25


26

What is Traverse City?


Concluding Thoughts

• Shared services must maintain or improve perceived quality

• Sharing services can be more effective and efficient-but implementation can be difficult

• Very often sharing of services emerges as a result of intransigence. “There is only one way to do this!”

27


Focus on the Positive

“Far too much energy is wasted on considering what the police cannot do and what commanders do not have; valuable time and momentum are lost by focusing on these negatives.”

Ron Serpas, Chief NOPD

28


Questions

29

Alex Weiss847-332-1160

847-644-3930 (mobile)[email protected]


Documents

Sharing Law Enforcement Services 1 ICJIA Shared Services