Site Characterization

GUJRATPakistan

Global Change Impact Studies Centre (GCISC), Islamabad, Pakistan

GECAFS Indo-Gangetic Plains BFP Grant Meeting 13-15 December, 2005, Kathmandu, NEPAL.

Kashif Majeed Salik

Reasons of Selection District Gujrat has both irrigated and rainfed cultivated

areas thus impact of GEC on food and water can be assessed on both areas.

Being less productive, as compared to other districts of Punjab, food security in Gujrat would be more vulnerable to GEC.

Variety of cropping systems like sugarcane-wheat, rice-wheat and mixed cropping due to irrigated and rainfed agriculture.

Topography in Gujrat varies from plain to sub-mountainous range.

Gujrat

Mandi Bahawaldin

Gujrat at a Gujrat at a GlanceGlance

Area: 3192 sq.kmLatitude: 32.190 N to 33.300 N,Longitude: 73.31 0 E to 74.280 E.Altitude: 219 mGujrat topography is divided into four parts:

1. Sub-mountainous Zone: Foot-hills of the Himalayas. Numerous Rain streams deposit sand & silt. Rainfed Agriculture.

2. The Central Plateau of Bar: Clayey soils of reddish color extends to the western border of district. Irrigated by Upper Jehlum Cannal.

3. Old River Beds: Comprises of River Chenab and Jehlum beds.

4. The Fringes of the District: Comprises of Jehlum and Chenab Valleys.

Gujrat Topography

National Highway, 19.4

Farm-market Road 294.7

Provincial Road 132.6

Other 36.7

Infrastructural Development of Gujrat

No Electricity3%

Partly3%

Wholly94%

Electrification (Villages)Roads (km/1000 km)

Other3%

Tube Well5%

Piped Supply8%

Hand Pump84%

Not Available1%

Brakish3%

Sweet96%

Infrastructure Development of Gujrat

Drinking Water Supply Sub-Soil Water Qualilty

Continue…

Gujrat Demography

TehsilArea (Sq.km)

Pop. Density/Sq.km

Urban Pop. (%)

Rural Pop. (%)

Av. Household Size

Tot.Pop (millions)

Gujrat 1463 747.2 33.2 66.8 6.8 1.09

Kharian

1154 675.6 21.5 78.5 6.4 0.78

Sarai Alamgir

575 304.8 21.2 78.8 6.3 0.18

Total 3192 641.6 27.7 72.3 6.6 2.05

Av. Household Income and Expenditure, and % of

Expenditure on Food Items

Area

Average H.H Income (Rs.)

Av. Household Expenditure (Rs.)

% of Expenses on Food & Beverage

Punjab 6846.6 6233 47.87

Punjab Urban

9206.5 8040 39.07

Punjab Rural

5909.4 5515 52.96

Percentage of Employed Population by Sectors in Gujrat

SectorsAll Areas

Rural

Urban

Agriculture, Forestry, & Fishing

29.5 40.7 6.3

Wholesale &Retail Trade, Resturant & Hotels.

10.1 6.3 18.0

Others* 60.4 53.0 75.7

* Others Includes: Services, Construction, Transport, Manufacturing, Mining and Quarrying.

Climate of Gujrat (1961-90)

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25

30

35

40

45

Jan feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

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100

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Max. Temperature Min.Temperature Precipitation

Te

mp

era

ture

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o)

Ra

infa

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m)

Agriculture in Gujrat

Total Farm Area 187.63

Cultivated Area171.06 (91.2%)

Net Sown162.19 (94.8%)

Current Fallow8.87 (5.2%)

Uncultivated Area16.57 (8.8%)

Waterlogged1.78 (10.8%)

Forest0.75 (4.5%)

Others8.82 (53.2%)

Unculturable5.23 (31.5%)

Cultivated and Uncultivated Area in Gujrat in (000 Ha)

Canal 12.19 (13.9%)

Total Cultivated Area171.06

Total Cultivated with

Irrigation Facilities87.51(51.6%)

Canal & T,W14.66 (16.8%)

T.Well59.73 (68.3%)

Other0.93 (1.2%)

Not Irrigated1.25 (1.4%)

Cultivated Area with no

Irrigation Facility82.30 (48.1%)

Flooded3.25 (3.9%)

Rainfed79.05 (96.1%)

* Other Include: Tank/Bandat, Spring/Rodkohi, Unspecified source

Cultivated Area Classified by Mode of Irrigation in (000 ha)

Number and Area of Farms in Gujrat(by Size of Farms)

Medium51%

Large7%

Small42%

Large1%

Medium20%

Small79%

Total Farm Area: 187.36 (000 ha)

Total Number of Farms: 57118

Land Use Intensity and Cropping Intensity in Gujrat

Size of Farm

Total Farm Area (000 ha)

Land Use Intensity (%)

Cropping Intensity (%)

Small 78.58 95 155

Medium 95.41 89 140

Large 13.37 84 109

Total 187.36 91 146

Percentage distribution of Tenure Classification of farms in Gujrat

Size of Farm

Total OwnerOwner-Cum Tenant

Tenant

Small 100 95 3 2

Medium

100 87 10 3

Large 100 96 4 -

Total 100 94 4 2

Share of Different Crops in Total Cropped Area (%) in Gujrat

Rice15%

Wheat49%

Jawar15%

Orchads1%

Vegetables1%

Fodders14%Pulses

2%

Sugarcane1%

Tobacco1%

Oilseed1%

Total Cropped Area249.4 (000ha)

Use of Fertilizers, Manures & Plant Protection Measures (%)

in Gujrat

Size of Farm

Total Farms

Fertilizer & Manures

Fertilizers

Manures

Plant Protection Measures

Number

Percent of Total Farm Area

Small111328

6 39 13 1

Medium

28807 16 50 12 3

Large 1002 33 26 14 17

Total141138

8 42 12 2

Livestock Population in Gujrat Type Number of Livestock (Heads in thousands)

TotalFarm Household

Non-Farm Household

Livestock Holders

others

Cattle 91.73 78.50 13.23 -

Buffaloes

333.51 268.49 65.02 -

Goats 121.14 83.41 25.37 12.36

Sheep 9.07 5.87 2.91 0.283

Camels 0.88 0.71 0.14 0.025

Horses 6.34 4.56 0.93 0.859

Mules 1.05 0.27 0.49 0.286

Donkeys

53.04 40.52 9.24 3.29

Farm Reporting Use of Important Owned Agri. Machinery in Gujrat

Size of Farm

Tot.Farms

Tractor

T.Well/ Pump

Thresher

Drill Other

Numbers

Small111328

2140 8293 1107 564 197

Medium

28807 3480 8279 2126 1117 343

Large 1003 318 328 224 114 100

Total141138

5938 16900 3457 1795 640

Area, Production, and Yield Comparison District Gujrat and

Punjab

CropsArea in Gujrat (000 ha)

Production in Gujrat (000Tons)

Yield in Gujrat (Tons/ha)

For Comparison Yield in Punjab (Tons/ha)

Wheat 131.1 223.9 1.7 2.5

Rice 34.4 53.3 1.5 1.5

Sugarcane

3.6 135.4 37.6 45.1

Maize 2.0 2.8 1.4 2.1

Pulses 7.4 3.3 0.4 0.5

Tabacoo 0.3 0.4 1.5 1.2