Slide 1 of 37 - Rhinelander School District · (In biology, respiration means two different things). a. Cellular respiration: ... Slide 35 of 37

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Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Biology

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37-3 The Respiratory

System

37-3 The Respiratory System

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What Is Respiration?

1. What Is Respiration?

(In biology, respiration means two different things).

a. Cellular respiration: release of energy from

breakdown of food in the presence of oxygen.

b. organism level, respiration: process of gas

exchange—(the release of carbon dioxide and the

uptake of oxygen between the lungs and the

environment.)


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The Human Respiratory System


What is the function of the respiratory

system?


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2. function of respiratory system:

exchange of O and CO2 between the

blood, the air, and tissues.


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3. The respiratory system consists of the:

• nose

• pharynx

• larynx

• trachea

• bronchi

• lungs


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4. Air entering must be:

a. warmed, moistened, and filtered.

b. Mucus moistens air and traps particles of dust or

smoke.

c. Cilia sweep particles and mucus to the throat.

d. Mucus and particles are either swallowed or spit

out.


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Epiglottis

Trachea

Nose

Pharynx

Larynx

Lungs

Bronchus

Mouth

Diaphragm

Bronchioles

Resources/Movies/vahumanr.mov


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(Air enters the nose or

mouth and moves to the

pharynx, or throat.)

5. The pharynx:

passageway for both air

and food.

Nose

Pharynx


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(Air moves from the

pharynx into the)

6. trachea, or windpipe.

a. epiglottis:

flap, covers the

trachea when you

swallow.

Epiglottis

Trachea


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(At the top of the

trachea is)

7. larynx, which

contains vocal cords

(two elastic folds of

tissue)

Larynx


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(Air then passes

through the trachea

into)

8. bronchi:

two large

passageways lead

into one of the lungs.

Lungs

Bronchus


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(In each lung, the)

a. bronchus subdivides

into smaller bronchi,

then into bronchioles.

Bronchioles


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9. Alveoli:

millions of tiny air sacs.

Alveoli

Bronchiole


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(Alveoli are grouped in

clusters.

A network of capillaries

surrounds each

alveolus.)

Pulmonary

vein

Capillaries

Pulmonary

artery


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Gas Exchange

(Gas Exchange

Gas exchange takes

place in the alveoli.

Oxygen diffuses into the

blood.

Capillary

O2


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Gas Exchange

Carbon dioxide in the

blood diffuses into the

alveolus.)

Capillary

O2

CO2


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Breathing

9. Breathing

a. movement of air into and out of the lungs.

b. force that drives air into the lungs comes from

air pressure.


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Breathing

a. Chest cavity

lined with

pleural

membranes

10. diaphragm:

large, flat muscle

at bottom of chest

cavity

Resources/ActiveArt/index.html


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Breathing

a. During inhalation,

diaphragm contracts

and rib cage rises up.

*expanding the volume

of the chest cavity.


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Breathing

(The chest cavity is sealed, so this creates a

partial vacuum inside the cavity.

Atmospheric pressure fills the lungs as air

rushes into the breathing passages.)


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Breathing

b. exhaling is a passive

event.

*rib cage lowers

*diaphragm relaxes,

*pressure in the chest

cavity is greater than

atmospheric pressure.

*Air is pushed out of the

lungs.

Exhalation

Rib cage

lowers

Air Exhaled


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How Breathing Is Controlled

12. How Breathing Is Controlled

a. by medulla oblongata.

b. monitors carbon dioxide in the blood.

(As carbon dioxide increases, nerve impulses

make the diaphragm contract, bringing air into the

lungs.

The higher the carbon dioxide level, the stronger

the impulses. )


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Tobacco and the Respiratory System

13. Tobacco and the Respiratory System

Tobacco smoke contains 3 dangerous substances

that affect the body:

• nicotine

• carbon monoxide

• tar


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14. Effects on Respiratory System

a. Nicotine: stimulant that increases heart rate and blood pressure.

b. Carbon monoxide: poisonous gas blocks transport of oxygen by hemoglobin

c. Nicotine & carbon monoxide paralyze cilia.

d. Tar contains compounds that can cause cancer.


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Diseases Caused by Smoking

How does smoking affect the respiratory

system?


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15. Smoking reduces life expectancy by

causing:.


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a. chronic bronchitis:

bronchi become swollen and clogged

with mucus.

b. Emphysema: loss of elasticity in lung

tissues.

(People with emphysema cannot get enough oxygen

to the body tissues or rid the body of excess carbon

dioxide.)


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c. Lung cancer: deadly, cells can spread to

other locations.

( Smoking is a preventable cause of lung cancer.)

d. also a major cause of heart disease.


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(Smoking and the Nonsmoker

Passive smoking is damaging to young children

because their lungs are still developing.

Studies show that children of smokers are twice as

likely as children of nonsmokers to develop

respiratory problems.


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Dealing With Tobacco

The best way to avoid tobacco-related illness is not

to smoke.

If a smoker quits, his or her health can be

improved, and some of the damage can be

reversed. )

- or -

Continue to: Click to Launch:

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37-3

Resources/ActiveArt/index.html

Resources/ch37_sectn03_quiz.qtb

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37-3

Air passes through the trachea into two large

passageways in the chest cavity known as the

a. bronchi.

b. alveoli.

c. epiglottis.

d. bronchioles.

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37-3

The function of the cilia lining the respiratory surfaces is

to

a. improve the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide

exchanged in the lungs.

b. cover the opening of the trachea when you swallow.

c. move air in and out of the lungs.

d. sweep trapped particles and mucus away from the

lungs.

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37-3

Oxygen diffuses from the alveolus into the blood

because

a. blood entering the capillaries of the lungs is

oxygen-poor.

b. blood entering the capillaries of the lungs is

oxygen-rich.

c. air entering the lungs has more carbon

dioxide than oxygen.

d. air entering the lungs has less oxygen than

is found in the blood.

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37-3

A stimulant drug found in tobacco that increases

the heart rate and blood pressure is

a. tar.

b. carbon monoxide.

c. nicotine.

d. carbon dioxide.

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37-3

A respiratory disease that results in the loss of

elasticity in the tissues of the lung is

a. chronic bronchitis.

b. lung cancer.

c. emphysema.

d. pneumonia.

END OF SECTION

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Slide 1 of 37 - Rhinelander School District · (In biology, respiration means two different things). a. Cellular respiration: ... Slide 35 of 37