Slide 1

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

AEROBIC RESPIRATION

C6H12O6 + 6O26CO2 + 6H2O

SUNLIGHT

In-text figurePage 133

Slide 2

start (glycolysis) in cytoplasm

completed in mitochondrion

start (glycolysis) in cytoplasm

completed in cytoplasm

Aerobic Respiration Anaerobic Energy-Releasing Pathways

Figure 8.2Page 135

Slide 3

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O

glucose oxygen carbon dioxide

water

Summary Equation for Aerobic Respiration

In-text figurePage 134

Slide 4

CYTOPLASM

Glycolysis

Electron Transfer

Phosphorylation

Krebs Cycle ATP

ATP

2 CO2

4 CO2

2

32

water

2 NADH

8 NADH

2 FADH2

2 NADH 2 pyruvate

e- + H+

e- + oxygen

(2 ATP net)

glucose

Typical Energy Yield: 36 ATP

e-

e- + H+

e- + H+

ATP

H+

e- + H+

ATP2 4

Figure 8.3Page 135

Slide 5

GLUCOSE

In-text figurePage 136

Slide 6

glucose

pyruvate

animal cell (eukaryotic)

plant cell (eukaryotic)

bacterial cell (prokaryotic)

GLYCOLYSIS

Figure 8.4(1)Page 136

Slide 7

2 ATP investedEnergy-Requiring Steps of Glycolysis

glucose

PGAL PGALPP

Stepped ArtFigure 8.4(2)

Page 137

ADPP

ATP

glucose-6-phosphate

Pfructose-6-phosphate

ATP

fructose1,6-bisphosphateP P

ADP

Slide 8

Stepped ArtFigure 8.4(3)

Page 137

ADPATP

pyruvate

ADPATP

pyruvate

H2OP

PEP

H2OP

PEP

P

2-phosphoglycerate

P

2-phosphoglycerate

ADPATP

P3-phosphoglycerate

ADPATP

P3-phosphoglycerate

NAD+

NADHPi

1,3-bisphosphoglycerateP P

NAD+

NADHPi

1,3-bisphosphoglycerateP P

PGALP

PGALP

Slide 9

inner compartment outer compartment cytoplasm

outer mitochondrial membrane

inner mitochondrial membrane

Figure 8.5a,bPage 139

Slide 10

Krebs Cycle

NADH

NADH

NADH

ATP ATP

ATPATP

ADP + Pi

INNER COMPARTMENT

OUTER COMPARTMENT

acetyl-CoA

free oxygen

6 H+ flows back into inner compartment, through ATP synthases. Flow drives ATP formation.

1 Pyruvate from cytoplasm enters inner mitochondrial compartment.

3 NADH and FADH2 give up electrons and H+ to electron transfer chains.

2 Krebs cycle and preparatory steps: NAD+ and FADH2 accept electrons and hydrogen. ATP forms. Carbon dioxide forms.

5 Oxygen accepts electrons, joins with H+ to form water.

4 As electrons move through the transfer chains, H+ is pumped to outer compartment.

Figure 8.5cPage 138

Slide 11

PREPARATORY STEPS

pyruvate

NAD+

NADH

coenzyme A (CoA)

O O carbon dioxide

CoAacetyl-CoA

Figure 8.6Page 139

Slide 12

NAD+

NADH

Stepped ArtFigure 8.6Page 139

=CoAacetyl-CoA

oxaloacetate citrate

CoA

KREBS CYCLE

H2O

malate isocitrate

H2O

H2O

FADFADH2

fumarate

succinate

ADP + phosphate groupATP

succinyl-CoA

O OCoANAD+

NADH

O ONAD+

NADH

-ketoglutarate

Slide 13

ELECTRON TRANSPORT PHOSPHORYLATION

glucose

pyruvate

KREBS CYCLE

GLYCOLYSIS

In-text figurePage 140

Slide 14

NADH

OUTER COMPARTMENT

INNER COMPARTMENT

Electron transfer phosphorylation

Figure 8.7(1)Page 140

Slide 15

ATP

ADP+Pi

INNER COMPARTMENT

Electron transfer phosphorylation

Figure 8.7(2)Page 140

Slide 16

Click to view animation.

Energy harvest summary animation.

Animation

Slide 17

ETHANOL FORMATION2 acetaldehyde

2 CO2

2 H2O

Stepped ArtFigure 8.10Page 143

2 ATP net

2

2 ADP

2 pyruvate

2

4

energy output

energy input

GLYCOLYSIS

ATP

ATP

C6H12O6

NADH

2 NAD+

electrons, hydrogen from NADH

2 ethanol

Slide 18

FOOD

complex carbohydrates

simple sugars

pyruvate

acetyl-CoA

glycogenfats proteins

amino acids

carbon backbones

fatty acids glycerol

NH3

PGAL

glucose-6-phosphateGLYCOLYSIS

KREBS CYCLE

urea

Figure 8.11Page 145

Slide 19

sunlight energy

water+

carbondioxide

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

AEROBICRESPIRATION

sugarmolecules oxygen

In-text figurePage 146