Slinger Signaller Hand Out

8/12/2019 Slinger Signaller Hand Out

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Training For The Future

Training For The Future

TRAINING COURSES

DRIVER TRAININGCONSTRUCTION PLANT

FORKLIFTS

ADR / DGSANEBOSH / IOSH

CPC & MANAGEMENT COURSES


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THIS TRAINING PACKAGE

HAS BEEN DEVELOPED AND PRODUCED

BY

THE TRAINING DEVELOPMENT UNIT

OF

RITCHIES TRAINING CENTRE

HOBDEN STREEET, SPRINGBURNGLASGOW G21 4AQ

We have made every effort to ensure that the information contained within thispublication is accurate. Its content should be used as guidance material only and not as

a replacement of current regulations, company safety policies or existing standards

DONALD RITCHIERITCHIES TRAINING CENTRE


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Further information on products / training / queries contained in this handout can beobtained from the manufactures listed below.

Rud Chains Ltd Parsons Chain CompanyUnits 10-14 Worcester RoadJohn Wilson Business Park Stourport-on-SevernWhitstable WorchestershireKent CT5 3QT DY13 9ATTel: 01227 276611 Tel: 01299 827700Fax: 01227 276586 Fax: 01299 827659

Web: www.rud.com.uk Web:www.parsonschain.co.uk/

Crosby Europe ltd SpansetUnit 10, Fall Bank Industrial Estate Telford Way

Dodworth / Barnsley MiddlewichSouth Yorkshire S75 3LS Cheshire CW10 OHXTel: 01226 290516 Tel: 01606 737494Fax: 01226 Fax: 01606 735502Web: thecrosbygroup.com Web: www.spanset.com/

National Plant Operators Registration Scheme Ritchies Training Centre LtdPO Box 204, Northwich Hobden Street, SpringburnCheshire, CW9 7FY Glasgow G21 4AQTel: 01606 49909 Tel: 0141 5572212Fax: 01606 352239 Fax: 0141 5588252Web: www.npors.com/ Web: www.ritchiestraining.co.uk

Ritchies Training Centre Ltd would like to thank the companys list above for the use oftheir products and copyright


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Health & Safety at Work Act 1974.

Employers Duties

Section 2(2).

A Provide and maintain plant and equipment including a safe system of work.B Provide safe transport and storage of materials and substances including safe handling.C Provide information, instruction, training and supervision.D Provide and maintain safe place of work under his control without risk to health including

safe access and egress.E Provide a safe working environment without risk to health, including welfare facilities.

Section 2(3).

Prepare a written safety policy and bring it to the attention of all employees.

Section 9.

Must not levy any charge for any PPE required by law.

Employees Duties Section 7 & 8.

7(a) Take reasonable care for their own safety and that of others who may be affected bytheir acts or omissions.

7(b) Co-operate with employer to enable them to comply with their legal obligations.

8 Not to interfere with or misuse any equipment provided in the interest of health andsafety.


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Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998

Interpretation (Regulation 2)

The following definitions and terms are important in understanding the requirements laid downby these Regulations.

Inspection

This means a visual or more rigorous inspection, as required by regulation 6 carriedOut by a competent person, and may include appropriate testing.

Thorough examination.

This means a thorough examination, as required by Regulation 32, carried out by a competentperson, and may include appropriate testing.

Work equipment.

This includes all machinery, appliances, apparatus, tools or installations for use at work thedefinition will cover single machines such as guillotines right through to complete entities suchas bottling plant.

Use.

This includes any activity that may be associated with the work equipment, such as starting,stopping, programming, setting, transporting, repairing, modifying, maintaining, servicing and

cleaning.

Unless otherwise stated the requirements of these Regulations are absolute, i.e. they must beachieved.

Application (Regulation 3)

The Regulations apply to: Work equipment provided by employers for use by their employees at work Work equipment provided by self-employed persons for their own use at work Persons who have any control of work equipment, or who use, supervise or manage its

use The way work equipment is used.

The Regulations do not apply to work equipment supplied by way of sale, agreement for sale, orhire purchase agreement. Various exemptions also apply to work equipment used in relation towork on or off ships.

The guidance points out that the duty on employers also extends to personal work equipmentprovided by the employees, where the employer agrees to this practice and that on multi-

occupancy sites arrangements should be made for one employer to be responsible forcompliance. The "co-operation and co-ordination" requirement under regulation 9 of theManagement of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 (MHSW) is relevant.


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Information and Instructions; Training (Regulations 8 and 9)

These regulations require employers to make available to all persons using work equipmentadequate health and safety information, and where appropriate written instructions on the use ofsuch equipment. In addition, the employer must also provide adequate health and safetytraining in the use of the work equipment, including any associated risks and necessary

precautions.

Adequate information and training, and written instructions where appropriate, must also bemade available to persons who supervise or manage the use of work equipment.The information and instructions must be comprehensible and include: the conditions andmethods of use of the equipment; foreseeable abnormal situations and any necessary actions,and any conclusions drawn from experience in the use of the equipment.

With regard to training, the guidance specifically points out the importance of consideringadditional requirements for young and/or inexperienced persons.

LIFTING EQUIPMENT:

Under s.2 of the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974, employers have a duty to ensure anyplant or equipment provided for use at work is safe this includes lifts and any other liftingequipment.

More specific requirements are contained in the Lifting Operations and Lifting EquipmentRegulations 1998 (LOLER), which remove and replace many of the previous provisions in theFactories Act 1961 and other Regulations.


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The Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998.

Definitions (Regulation 2).

Accessory for lifting:

Any work equipment used to attach loads to the lifting machinery.

Lifting equipment:

Work equipment used for lifting or lowering loads attachments used for anchoring, fixing orsupporting the lifting equipment are included in the definition.

Lifting operation:

Any activity involving the lifting or lowering of a load.

Load:

The item being lifted or lowered and includes people.

Work equipment:

Any machinery, appliances, apparatus, tools or installations used at work.

Application (Regulation 3)

Employers have duties under these Regulations in situations where employees at work use

lifting equipment. Self-employed persons have a similar duty with regard to lifting equipmentthey use at work. In addition, persons who have any control of lifting equipment, or who use,supervise or manage the use of lifting equipment also have a duty under the Regulations butonly to the extent of their control these duties do not apply in cases where the liftingequipment has been supplied by way of sale, agreement for sale or hire purchase agreement.

Strength and Stability (Regulation 4)

Lifting equipment must be of adequate strength and stability for each individual load raised orlowered and particular attention must be paid to the stresses incurred at the mounting or fixingpoints. Load parts and any attachments used in the lifting operation must also be of adequate

strength.

Lifting Equipment for Lifting Persons (Regulation 5)

Lifting equipment used for lifting people must prevent anyone using it from being crushed,trapped or struck, or from falling from the carrier. Similar precautions are required for workactivities being carried out from the carrier, as far as reasonably practicable. There must also besuitable devices to prevent the risk of a carrier from falling. If this risk cannot be prevented thecarrier must have an enhanced safety coefficient suspension rope or chain which must beinspected on each working day.

People trapped inside a carrier must be protected from danger and be able to be freed.


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Positioning and Installation (Regulation 6)

Lifting equipment must be positioned and installed so as to be safe, and minimise the risks, asfar as reasonably practicable, of the lifting equipment or its load striking a person, or its loaddrifting, falling freely or being unintentionally released.Suitable devices must be provided to prevent people from falling down lift shafts or hoist ways.

Marking of Lifting Equipment (Regulation 7)

Lifting equipment must be clearly marked with its safe working loads. In situations where thesafe working load is reliant on the equipment configuration, the safe working load for eachconfiguration must be clearly marked on the lifting equipment. Alternatively, informationcontaining these details must be kept with the lifting equipment.

Accessories used in lifting operations must be marked with any information necessary to ensuretheir safe use.

Lifting equipment intended for lifting people must be clearly marked as such. Any lifting

equipment not intended for lifting people but which may be mistakenly used as such must alsobe clearly marked to this effect.

Organisation of Lifting Operations (Regulation 8)

Lifting operations involving lifting equipment must be properly planned by a competent person,appropriately supervised and carried out in a safe way.

Thorough Examination and Inspection (Regulation 9)

Lifting equipment must be thoroughly examined for defects before it is put into service for thefirst time. This does not apply in situations where the lifting equipment has not been used beforeand there is an accompanying EC declaration of conformity (where this is appropriate) which isless than 12 months old before the lifting equipment was put into service. Lifting equipmentobtained from a third party must be accompanied by physical evidence of the last thoroughexamination before it is used in the new employer's premises.

Lifting equipment must also be thoroughly examined to ensure correct installation and safeoperation after it has been installed and before being put into service for the first time, or after ithas been relocated, if its safety is dependent on its installation.

Where lifting equipment is exposed to conditions that may cause deterioration likely to result indanger it must be thoroughly examined as follows:

Lifting accessories and lifting equipment for lifting persons: at least every 6 months Other lifting equipment: at least every 12 months.

In both cases a competent person must draw up an examination scheme, i.e. a suitable schemethat determines the frequency of the thorough examinations.

Lifting equipment must also undergo a thorough examination if exceptional circumstances haveoccurred that may adversely affect the safety of the lifting equipment.


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A competent person may inspect lifting equipment at suitable intervals between thoroughexaminations if necessary.

Lifting equipment, which was required to be thoroughly examined under specified legislationthat has been repealed or revoked by these Regulations, must undergo another thoroughexamination before the date on which the previous thorough examination is due for renewal.

Reports and Defects (Regulation 10 and Schedule 1)

The person undertaking the thorough examination must notify the employer immediately of anydefects that are, or could be, a danger to people, and as soon as practicable submit a writtenand signed report to the employer and, if appropriate, the person hiring or leasing the liftingequipment. The enforcing authority must also receive a copy of any report where there is anexisting or imminent risk of serious personal injury due to a defect in the lifting equipment. Forlifting equipment that has been hired or leased the enforcing authority is the Health and SafetyExecutive (HSE), in other cases it is the enforcing authority for the premises.

The information required to be included in a thorough examination report is as follows:

1. Name and address of employer.2. Address of premises at which the thorough examination was made.3. Lifting equipment identity marks, including date of manufacture if known.4. Date of last thorough examination.5. Safe working loads, including those associated with equipment configurations.6. Where the thorough examination relates to the installation or assembly of the lifting

equipment, notification of that fact and that it has been installed correctly and is safe tooperate.

7. Information as to whether the thorough examination relates to a 6 or 12 monthlyexamination carried out under an examination scheme, or an examination carried out incases of exceptional circumstances where the safety of the lifting equipment may havebeen jeopardised. The report should also state that the lifting equipment is safe tooperate.

8. Details and identification of any parts found to be defective, including a description of thedefect, where the defect is or could become a danger to people.

9. Details of any necessary repairs, renewals or alterations to correct a defect.10. In cases where the defect may represent a danger to people the following must be

included: The time in which the defect could become a danger Details of repairs, renewals or alterations necessary to correct the defect

The latest day on which the next thorough examination must be carried out Details of any tests if these are included in the thorough examination The date.

11. Name, address, qualifications and employment status of the person making theReport if the person is an employee then the name and address of his or her employermust be included.

12. Name and address of the person signing or authenticating the report.13. Report date.

Defects noted during an inspection of the lifting equipment, which pose or may pose a danger topeople, must also be notified to the employer immediately. A written record of the inspection

must be made. Employers may not use any lifting equipment notified as having a defect beforethe defect is corrected. In cases where the defect could become a danger, the lifting equipmentmay not be used after the time specified in the report (i.e. the time after which the defect isdeemed by the competent person to be dangerous) until the defect is corrected.


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Keeping of Information (Regulation 11)

Employers must retain EC declarations of conformity that relate to lifting equipment obtainedafter 5 December 1998 for as long as they operate the lifting equipment.Thorough examination reports for lifting equipment must be retained until the lifting equipmentceases to be used, while the thorough examination reports for lifting equipment accessories

must be kept for two years. Thorough examination reports relating to the installation orassembly of lifting equipment must be kept until the equipment ceases to be used at thelocation where it was installed or assembled. Finally, thorough examination reports that relate tothe deterioration in condition of lifting equipment must be kept either until the next report ismade, or for two years, whichever is the later.Records relating to the inspection of lifting equipment must be kept until the next record ismade.

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT:

The Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992 (PPE Regulations) came into

force on 1 January 1993, and were introduced under the provisions of the Health and Safety atWork Act 1974 (HSW Act) to enable Great Britain to implement the requirements of EuropeanDirective 89/656/EEC. The Directive obliges Member States to introduce minimum health andsafety requirements for the use by workers of personal protective equipment (PPE) at theworkplace.

The following regulations are part of the Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations1992.

Interpretation (Regulation 2)

PPE means all equipment and clothing which is intended to be worn or held by a person at workand which affords protection against one or more risks to health or safety. This includes clothingdesigned to protect against adverse weather conditions.

Protective clothing includes, for example: aprons, gloves, safety footwear, safety helmets andhigh visibility jackets.

Protective equipment includes, for example: eye protectors, safety harnesses, respirators andlife jackets.

Disapplication (Regulation 3)

Ordinary working clothes and work uniforms that do not offer specific protection are notcovered. Therefore caterer's overalls and similar clothing provided solely in the interests of foodhygiene do not constitute PPE, whilst a re-enforced glove provided to a chef to safeguardagainst injury would count as PPE.

Modifications, Repeals and Revocations (Regulation 14)

Much of the older legislation on PPE has been revoked, notably the Protection of EyesRegulations 1974.


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Provision and Compatibility (Regulations 4 and 5)

Except where risks are adequately controlled by other means, employers must provide suitablePPE to employees who may be exposed to those risks(regulation 4). The self-employed mustmake provision to themselves in respect of their own activities.

There is no duty under these Regulations to supply PPE to non-employees such as visitors orvoluntary workers. However, s.3 of HSW Act imposes a duty of care towards non-employeesand this may indicate a need for the supply of PPE. Persons gaining work experience areentitled to the same provision for PPE as if they were employees, by virtue Of the Health andSafety (Training for Employment) Regulations 1990.

The employer should consider PPE as a last resort, or as an interim solution to a risk ofexposure pending control by engineering or other means. The reasons are: PPE only protectsthe person wearing it and not others in the vicinity; wearing PPE may give a false sense ofsecurity as it is seldom fully effective and PPE can be cumbersome which may give rise to other

risks or adversely affect performance.

Examples of processes that may require the provision of PPE, subject to an assessment by theemployer include the following.

1. Head protection:

Construction and building, particularly in the vicinity of scaffolding Underground work including working in pits, trenches and tunnels Ship repair Tree felling Work near hoists, lifting plant and cranes.

2. Eye protection:

Handling chemical substances such as acids, alkalis and other corrosive or irritantsubstances

Working with molten metals Working with abrasive wheels or any machine likely to eject particles During welding operations where intense light may otherwise cause damage to the eye.

3. Hand protection:

Handling chemical substances where there is a risk of dermatitis or of damage to skintissue

During construction and outdoor work Where there is a risk of cuts or abrasions Where articles may be hot, cold or slippery Where there is a risk of electrical shock When using vibratory tools.


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4. Foot protection:

Where there is a risk from molten metal splashes To prevent injury from falling objects Where special slip-resistance is required In flammable atmospheres, where the build-up of static electrical charges creates a risk

of explosion

Where there is a risk of sharp objects piercing the sole, such as in the use of nails on aconstruction site.

5. Body protection:

Warm clothing when working outdoors in low temperatures, or in cold-stores Protection against intense heat and/or flame retardant clothing when working at a

foundry, or with welding equipment High visibility clothing when working in the vicinity of moving traffic, airports, etc Cut-resistant clothing when using chain saws or butcher's knives Life jackets when working near deep water.

Employers must take all reasonable steps to ensure that PPE is properly used. This includesgiving proper and adequate information, instruction, training and supervision, and the use ofdisciplinary procedures where appropriate.

Where there is a statutory requirement for PPE to be used, this should be indicated by use ofsafety signs to BS 5378. These are in the form of a blue circle upon a white background (seeSAFETY SIGNS).

CHARGES Section 9 of the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974

states:

No employer shall levy or permit to be levied on any employee of his any charge in respect ofanything done or provided in pursuance of any specific requirements of the relevant statutoryprovisions.

Suitability

To be suitable, PPE must:

(a) Be appropriate for the risk(s) involved and the conditions at the place where exposuremay arise

(b) Take ergonomic considerations into account, and be capable of being fitted to, and usedby, the worker

(c) So far as is practicable, prevent or adequately control the risk of exposure withoutcreating overall risk

(d) Be designed and manufactured to an approved standard.

Where more than one sort of PPE has to be used simultaneously, each must be compatible withthe other and full effectiveness must be maintained (regulation 5)


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Assessment (Regulation 6)

Prior to selecting PPE, the employer or self-employed person must ensure that an assessmenthas been made to ascertain whether the proposed PPE is suitable (regulation 6).

A risk assessment made under this regulation need not be duplicated in order to meet therequirement for assessment under regulation 3 of the Management of Health and Safety atWork Regulations 1999 (MHSW) although it should be easily identifiable and well cross-referenced.

Except in the most simple and obvious of cases, or where the exercise can be quickly andeasily repeated, the significant findings of an assessment should be recorded in retrievableform. The record should be readily accessible to those who may need to know the results.

Employees should be involved in the selection of types and styles of PPE, and should have aninformed choice wherever possible. Selection should be made with the individual in mind what is suitable for one person may be useless for another. For example, a worker who requiresspectacles with prescription lenses will be unable to work whilst wearing non-prescription eyeshields.

In selecting PPE, the employer or self-employed person must consider:

Risks to health or safety that have not been avoided by other methods The sort of performance and characteristics that the PPE would need to have, for it to be

effective Comparison of the proposed PPE with the required performance and characteristics.

The assessment must be reviewed where there is reason to suspect that it is no longer valid.

Maintenance and Storage (Regulations 7 and 8)

PPE must be maintained (e.g. cleaned, repaired or replaced) in an efficient state (regulation 7).A stock of spare PPE, spare parts and cleaning materials should be kept to facilitate this.Suitable storage should be available to prevent damage to PPE, including that which has beenissued to users.

PPE that has been supplied free of charge by an employer for use at work remains the propertyof that employer. It is in order for the employer to instruct that it is kept at the workplace and isnot used for non-occupational purposes.

Information, Instruction and Training (Regulation 9)

Under this regulation employees must be given adequate and comprehensible instructions,information and training in:

The purpose for which PPE has been provided The risks that it will protect against The correct method of use The employee's part in ensuring that PPE remains in an efficient state, properly

working and in good repair.


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Employee's Duties (Regulations 10 and 11)

Employees are obliged to use PPE in accordance with the instructions and training that theyhave been given (regulation 10).Employees and the self-employed must also take allreasonable steps to return PPE to designated storage or accommodation after use.Sections 7 and 8 of the HSW Act lay down general duties for employees. The MHSWRegulations 1999 further require each employee to properly use any equipment, system of workor other measure provided by the employer in accordance with the instruction and advice that

has been given. This general duty extends to the proper use of PPE.

Where an item of PPE becomes defective or is lost, the employee must report the loss or defectimmediately to the employer (regulation 11).

CONCENTRATIONOBSERVATIONMACHINE CONDITION - VISUAL CHECKS, DAILY INSPECTIONMACHINE KNOWLEDGE MECHANICS, CAPABILITIES, CONTROLSONLY ACT ON YOUR OWN JUGEMENTNEVER TAKE A CHANCE ALWAYS TAKE CARE

SELECT CORRECT SLINGS LIFTING EQUIPMENTEXPERIENCE OF SIMILAR LIFTS LIFTING EQUIPMENTNEVER BE HURRIED KEEP WITHIN YOUR OWN LIMITATIONSS.L.I. CORRECT FOR JIB LENGTH & CRANE/RADIOUS PLATE

EXERCISE YOUR RIGHT TO QUESTION ANY LIFT

REMEMBER

You are the person in charge of the lift, and the lives of

your workmates depend upon your ability

BETTER TO BE SAFE THAN SORRY


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The Basic duties of a slinger:

To prepare the load for lifting.

To prepare the sling and connect it to the load and crane

To steady the load whilst lifting and moving it from one position to another.

To be fully responsible for the safe transfer of the load from one position to another.

To be solely responsible for giving the orders to the crane operator.

To be conversant with the standard crane signals and to use them at all times.

To examine the lifting gear before and after use as required by the LOLER Regs.

Rules for safe slinging.

It is difficult to lay down rules that will cover all slinging methods, as these must varyaccording to circumstances, but certain general rules and precautions should be followed toensure safe working practices.

The following points are designed to assist the slinger in the safe handling and transfer ofloads:

Know the weight of the load to be lifted and ensure that it does not exceed the Safe

Working Load (SWL) of the tackle and crane.

Use only authorised tackle, which is marked with the SWL. Unmarked tackle should bereported to the Supervisor.

Inspect ALL tackle before use. Report damaged tackle and have it destroyed.

Remember that with 3 or 4-legged slings, 2 legs may take all the weight.

When reeving slings around a load the angle at the bight must not exceed 120 degrees.

NEVER tie knots in slings or shorten by wrapping them around crane hooks or by using anut and bolt.

ALWAYS use the correct pins in shackles and fasten them securely.

NEVER use rusty wire ropes, or fibre ropes, which have been in contact with acids oralkalis.

Rings and shackles must ride freely on the crane hook. NEVER lift with the point of thehook.

NEVER put sharp bends in wire ropes. Always protect slings from sharp corners by usingpacking.


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NEVER drag slings along the floor.

Keep wire rope slings away from welding and flame cutting operations.

Use chain slings when lifting hot metal.

Check that all parts of the load are safely slung. Keep hands away before lifting and

stand clear while the load is being lowered.

NEVER stand under a suspended load.

NEVER allow a load to pass over peoples heads.

DO NOT trap slings under a load. Use dunnage to give clearance for sling removal.

Use only the correct signals and make sure that they are clearly understood by the craneoperator.

NEVER store lifting tackle in your own locker. It must be freely available for regularinspection.

NEVER store lifting tackle on the floor.

NEVER attempt to raise or lower a load unless it is completely free from all obstructions.

Never hammer a chain to straighten a link, or to force a link into position.

Always SPOT the load and lift vertically to prevent swinging.

Use steadying lines (tag lines) to gain complete control.

Always make sure you are in a position where the crane operator can see you.

When working with uneven loads, always find the centre of gravity by trial and errorwithout actually lifting the load clear of the ground.

When using multi-leg sling assemblies, remember that the angles between the legs willreduce the safe working load of the assembly. Consult the Sling Chart and Safe Load

Tables available.

Endless wire rope slings are prone to misuse. And in practice they are often found to bedifficult to handle. It is preferable that they are used only when they have been purposemade for applications requiring a very short effective length, or for single lifts where asingle sling of the required Safe Working Load is not available.

Do not use any sling that contains a severe kink.

When loads are being carried on a crane hook, slings not in use should not be carried onthe same hook.

A sling, which has been doubled around a shackle, has a Safe Working Loadequivalent to that of a single part of the rope.


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Check that the crane hook is positioned over the loads centre of gravity to preventswinging when the load is raised.

Make sure that the load is free before lifting, and that all legs have a direct lead.

When not in use, wire rope slings should be kept in a dry store, to prevent corrosion-

taking place.

FACTS

Lifting equipment is involved in more serious accidents than any other typeof construction equipment.

Accidents involving lifting equipment are more costly in terms of insurance.

Cranes and lifting equipment and the use of are one of the major causes ofconstruction site fatalities.

Cranes

Before commencing a lift with a crane it may be required for the banksman to assist withthe on site planning and positioning of the crane and associated equipment. Check thework site with the supervisor and the crane operator and assess the crane suitability forthe whole job. Assess access, room, soil, lift capacity and lifting equipment.

Decide where to set up and how to set up

This is part of:

Site and job planning

Before commencing lifting operations the crane driver and banksman must ensure thatproper site planning has taken place.

The procedure to be followed in preparing an operational plan for lifting includes:

Job requirements Priorities of the job

Workplace rules and procedures

Identifying hazards

Hazard control measures

Persons to consult with when planning the proposed work:

Building owners

Statutory authorities where necessary

Local councils Site manager and supervisor

Other trades working on site


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This will ensure that the crane driver and banksman are aware of, comply with, anystatutory or workplace rules, regulations or restrictions that may apply.

This is required under the DUTY of CAREof every person at that work site.

Types of hazards to be considered for you work plan.

Unstable ground surface, i.e. recently back filled excavations Other personnel working on the area

Under ground services (Proximity hazards)

Dangerous materials

Power lines overhead or underground

Trees

Surrounding structures

Bridges, access restrictions

Other work equipment on site

Hazard control strategies to be included in the plan for lifting procedures; mustinclude

The task being preformed

Any site hazards trenches and filled ground, power lines, obstructions in theworking radius of the crane, trees, scaffolding, access and exit points

PPE required when working with hazardous or non-hazardous materials

Warning signs displayed properly

Barriers and barricades to restrict access

Traffic control

Lighting Public safety

Ground conditions

If the ground on which you require to set the crane up on is waterlogged or soft,Appropriate steps must be taken prior to the crane setting up to assess the soil andground condition. This may well be required to be completed by a competent person (civilengineer or equivalent)

Excavations

A crane should not be set up close to an excavation as the weight of the crane causesAdditional pressure to adjoining soil and cause the excavation to collapse and result inThe crane overturning. As a general rule the distance of the cranes outrigger pad fromThe edge of the excavation should be at least the same as the depth of the excavation+1 metre

Free on wheel duties (lifting and carrying a load)

If you are in doubt concerning the safety of a free duty lift stopand consult with thecompetent person in charge of the operation. Some cranes are better suited than others

to travel over rough surfaces. Always check the cranes load chart and manufacturersrecommendations before carrying out any lift that requires Free on wheels duties.


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Cranes are more likely to overturn off road. Before carry out a free on wheels lift check:

For potholes and soft or rough ground

For overhead obstructions

For power lines

For personnel working in the area

Blind corners

Traffic flow

Underground services

Always check grassy surfaces for potholes or drains hidden by long grass. Walk over thewhole area before guiding a crane across

Make sure cranes suspension units are locked and pinned

Do not direct the driver to slew unless the surface is firm and level

Do not walk heavy loads with crawler cranes unless the ground is firm and level

Travel slowly to prevent excessive swings

TANDEM LIFTS

Your company should have an restriction on tandem lifts

The only tandem lifting should be engineered through the office

The dangers in tandem lifts are the cranes are going to side load each other

Its impossible to swing a load without side loading one of the cranes

Crane jibs must be kept parallel

Tandem lifts are dangerous

They can be done safely if they are planned and every one involved are properly trained

If you get in trouble CAN WE GET OUT OF IT?

IF IN ANY DOUBT GET HELP FROM YOUR OFFICE OR SUPERVISOR

CRANES MUST BE SET UP AS PER CRANE DUTY CHART,

RISK ASSESSMENT & METHOD STATEMENT


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Multiple Crane Lifting

INTRODUCTION: The use of two or more cranes to move and position loads can be veryhazardous and should not be considered where a single crane is capable ofdoing the job.

There are, however, occasions when multiple crane lifts are necessary.They are often required during the construction and assembly of oil and gasrigs and in the construction of bridges and large-scale industrial projectssuch as power stations and refineries.

CERTIFICATION: The appointed person / competent person with direct responsibility forcoordinating and directing a multiple crane lift must hold a Banksman /slinger or a rigging certificate

For very complex lifts, the advice of an experienced structural engineer maybe required to properly plan the operation, but the certified rigger must

maintain immediate supervision at all stages

PLANNING ANDCOORDINATING:

The importance of careful planning and the need for a thorough briefing ofall personnel involved in the lift cannot be overstated. Many multiple cranelifts have come to grief through oversights, wrong selection of cranes,incorrect siting of cranes and misunderstandings between crewmembers.

If the weight of the load, its centre of gravity and the weight of the liftinggear is not known in advance, they must be carefully calculated.

Whenever possible, a dummy run should be staged prior to the lift tocheck that the cranes can perform all stages of the operation within radiuswhile maintaining sufficient clearance from obstructions and power-lines.This exercise should also be used to confirm that the agreedcommunication method is under stood and is suitable.

CRANE SELECTIONAND SITING:

Whenever possible, select cranes of equal capacity and similarCharacteristics. This will make synchronisation of crane movements easierto achieve.

Each crane must have additional capacity over and above its share of theload at all times during the operation. This is to allow for the possibility ofthe hoist ropes deviating from vertical or other loads transferred throughimperfect synchronisation of crane movements. The minimum capacityrequirements for each crane are:

When 2 cranes are used 20% greater than the share of the load

When 3 cranes are used 33% greater than the share of the load When 4 cranes are used 50% greater than the share of the load


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Crane siting must be carefully considered so that movements are reducedto the minimum necessary. The crane siting can be limited by the nature ofthe work site, the position of obstructions and power-lines, or the existingposition of tower cranes

Wherever possible, site the cranes to avoid slewing motions. Always use

luffing-up in preference to luffing-down. Luffing-down is dangerous becauseit can easily lead to the load swinging one or more of the cranes outside thesafe operating radius. Wind loading adds to the dangers of luffing down.

Where the cranes are required to pick and carry, they must be aligned inthe same direction. If they are out of alignment, the movement of one cranecan push or pull the other cranes and stability may be lost.

CALCULATINGLOAD-SHARE

Where the load to be lifted is beyond the capacity of any of the selected

cranes, equalising gear may be required to ensure that each cranesupports its correct portion of the load.

Equalising gear needed when the cranes are close together, such as forlifting large columns and similar objects. It also acts as a lever.

When cranes are of a differing capacity, the load to be lifted should beslung away from the centre of the equalising beam so that the load takenby each is proportional to its capacity. The load is slung closer to the end ofthe equalising beam supported by the larger capacity crane, to increase itsshare of the load and reduce the part of the load carried by the secondcrane.

WARNING: Tower cranes are prohibited from carrying out any form of tandem lifts

NOTE: Always check own company safe system of work or method statement.

SLINGS SELECTION & INSPECTION.

A sling is as important to a banksman / crane operator as is his crane. The correct type of slingused in lifting is very important to both the operator and the load that is being lifted. The correct

sling should always be used and should be inspected before and after use.

INSPECTION OF TACKLE.

All lifting tackle by law has to be inspected every 6 months or as per company safety policy.Companies must have a log of all tackle to include inspection dates. Example: -

Steel Wire Ropes chains slings hooks shackles - eye bolts etc.


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Eyebolts are used for lifting loads, which are usually heavy and concentrated. They are

used for general lifting and for permanent attachment to loads, which are to be movedoccasionally.

They are screwed into tapped location holes provided, and usually will not accept ahook, but must be used with a shackle.

Dynamo Eyebolt

This has a large eye and a small collar diameter. Normally fitted

By the manufacture to the item to which they are attached, theyNeed not be marked with a S.W.L, are not registered, and are notExamined six monthly. This type of eyebolt should onlybe used forVertical lifts.

Collar Eyebolt

This has a smaller eye, a larger collar diameter and the thread isUndercut on both the diameter and the collar face. They should

Be marked with a S.W.L, registered as a piece of lifting tackle,And examined six monthly. This type may be used, in pairs, forTaking an angular pull, but the angle of pull must be in line withthe plane of the eyebolt. Shims may be needed to allowThis. The maximum washer thickness should not exceed half thePitch of the thread.

Eyebolt with link

This type has a link permanently attached to the eye and should beMarked, registered and examined.

They may be used for taking an angular pull, but unlike collar eyebolts,The angular pull need not be in line with the plane of the eyebolt, thisRenders the fitting of washers or shims unnecessary.

NOTE The S.W.L marked on any eyebolt is only applicable to a verticalLift. Whenever an angular pull is used, the rated S.W.L decreases as theAngle of pull from the vertical increase.

Eyebolts


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Eyebolt threads include

Whitworth, BSF, UNC, UNF, or Metric

Extreme care must be taken to ensure that metric threaded eyebolts are notinserted in imperial threaded holes.

Although these might appear to match, it is an interference fit only.The mechanical strength may be almost nothing.

Eyebolt Type / Selection

Is the load appliedVertically only

Is load in plane of eye

Use DynamoEyebolt

Use collar

Eyebolt

Use EyeboltWith link

EyeboltsCollar & D namo

YES

NO

YES

NO


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Dynamo or plain eyebolt Collar eyebolt

Eyebolts are made to screw into or through a load and may be Plain(Dynamo) or have collars (collar eyebolt)

The plain eyebolt is good only for vertical loading.

Even when a collard eyebolt is used, the safe working load is reduced withangular loading

When installed, the collar must be at right angles to the hole andMustbe in full contact with the surface of the load and be properlyTightened.

The load should always be applied to the plain of the eye and never inThe other direction. If necessary, Shims should be insertedBelow the collar to ensure that the eye is correctly aligned when tight.

Collared eyebolts with links may be used providing angle

Of The load to axis of eyebolt thread does not exceed 15

Over 15safe working loads must be de-rated inAccordance with BS 4278.(See weight reduction chart below)

EyeboltsCollar & Dynamo


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Maximum shim thickness not to exceed the pitch of the thread

Maximum angle allowed out of plain is 5

No more than turn to align to correct plain of eye

Hand tight only do not over tighten

I.S.O METRIC COURSE THREAD (ALL DIMENSIONS IN mm.s)

Diameter Pitch

10.00 1.50

12.00 1.75

14.00 2.00

16.00 2.00

18.00 2.50

20.00 2.50

22.00 2.50

24.00 3.00

27.00 3.00

30.00 3.50

33.00 3.50

36.00 4.00

39.00 4.00

42.00 4.5048.00 5.00

NOTE:

ALL PITCH SIZES MUST BE HALVED TOGIVE CORRECT SHIM THICKNESS

Eyebolts


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Maximum angle allowed

90

1T 1T

2T

90 REDUCE BY 75%%%%

60 REDUCE BY 60%%%%

30 REDUCE BY 40%%%%

Eyebolts with links maximum angle of 15from vertical when over 15reduce with table above

Collar Eyebolts


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Trunnion Lifting

Eyebolts screwed into the side of the load must be de-rated by

75%on each eyebolt

Collar & DynamoEyebolts


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30 -40%%%%

60 -60%%%%

90 -75%%%%

Maximum angle allowed on slings when working with eyebolts is 45from

vertical (Included angle of 90)

Weight ReductionChart Eyebolts

The flatter angle of pull, the greater the strain and leverage on thee ebolt


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Reeving through connections to load increases load on

Connection fitting by as much as twice

DO NOT REEVE

Collar Eyebolts


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SAFE WORKING LOAD TABLE FOR COLLARED LIFTINGEYEBOLTS METRIC

SINGLE EYEBOLT SWL PER PAIR OF EYEBOLTS

NORMALSIZE AXIAL

TRUNNIONMOUNTING PERPENDICULAR

30DEGREES

60DEGREES

90DEGREES

tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes

M10 3/8 0.25 0.25 0.06 0.06 0.13 0.13 0.32 0.32 0.2 0.2 0.13 0.13

M12 0.32 0.5 0.08 0.12 0.16 0.25 0.40 0.63 0.26 0.4 0.16 0.25

M16 5/8 0.63 0.9 0.16 0.22 0.32 0.45 0.79 1.13 0.50 0.72 0.32 0.45

M20 1.25 1.4 0.31 0.35 0.63 0.70 1.60 1.76 1.00 1.12 0.63 0.70

M22 7/8 1.60 2.0 0.4 0.5 0.8 1.00 2.00 2.52 1.28 1.60 0.80 1.00

M24 1 2.0 2.75 0.50 0.68 1.00 1.38 2.50 3.47 1.60 2.20 1.00 1.38

M30 3.2 0.80 1.60 4.00 2.60 1.60

M33 1

4.0 4.5 1.0 1.12 2.0 2.25 5.00 5.67 3.20 3.60 2.0 2.25

M36 1

5.0 6.5 1.30 1.62 2.50 3.25 6.30 8.19 4.00 5.20 2.50 3.25

M42 1

6.3 9.0 1.60 2.25 3.20 4.50 7.90 11.3 5.00 7.20 3.20 4.50

M48 2 8.0 12.0 2.00 3.0 4.00 6.00 10.0 15.1 6.40 9.60 4.00 6.00

M56 12.0 3.00 6.00 15.0 9.60 6.00

M64 2

16.0 20.0 4.00 5.00 8.00 10.0 20.0 25.2 13.0 16.0 8.00 10.0

M72 20.0 5.00 10.0 25.0 16.0 10.0

M76 3 25.0 30.0 6.25 7.50 12.5 15.0 31.5 37.8 20.0 24.0 12.5 15.0

The above table is derived from AS2317-1984 and BS4278-1984 or manufacturers specificationsfor the Safe Working Load of collared eyebolts when used in the correct manner as described in "

Care and use of eyebolts". The loads indicated are for "General Purpose Use"


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Self aligns to direction of force Higher WLL capacity than standard eyebolts Load rated for side pull Rotates 360 degrees Integrated key for quick and easy installation and removal

Compact design Rotates to direction of pull Fold down flat Ideal for side pull application Grade 80 belts are interchangeable for through holeapplication Holding springs reduce vibration WLL from 660 lbs. to 44,000 lbs. Metric and UNC threads

WLL from 17,600 lbs. to 33,000 lbs. in any directiono Ball bearing swivel rotates 360 degreeso Larger ring for hook and shackle attachment

o Clearly marked WLLso Tested and certified - certificates available

Great Britain

RUD Star PointSwivel E ebolt


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Rud Chains Ltd.John Wilson Business Park

Units 10-14Thanet Way

Whitstable, Kent CT5 3QTPhone: 011 44 1227 276 611

Fax: 011 44 1227 276 586www.rud.com.uk

RUD Star PointSwivel E ebolt Chart


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Lifting heavy concentrated loadsElectric motors / Machinery

Pre cast concrete IE. Floors / Stairs

EyeboltsWeaknesses & Reasons for

Failure

Eyebolts have severe limitations of useCorrosive damage / non use of shimsEyebolts not screwed home properly

Using wrong eyebolts / Incorrect thread size

Using eyebolts in acidic environmentsLifting loads out of plain & Using bent or damagedeyebolts

EyeboltsCare and maintenance

Do not store in-situ return to tackle storeProtect threads from damage

Slightly oil or grease to prevent corrosionClean threads of debris with wire brush

EyeboltsReasons for use


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Spreader beams are used to support long or wide loads during lifts

They eliminate the hazard of load tipping, as well as wide sling angles and any tendencyof the sling to crush the load

Equaliser beams are used to equalise the load in the sling legs and to keep equal loadswhen making multiple leg lifts

Care must be taken not to exceed the S.W.L at the various slingingpoints

Spreader Beam

Equaliser Beam

Multiple attachments

The capacity of a beam with multiple attachments will be specified bymarkers.

Generally it depends on the distance between the parts, if the distancebetween attachment points is doubled the capacity is halved

Lifting & Spreader Beams

General Information


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Areas of Low headroomAvoids wide sling angles that would crush a loadLifting unbalanced loads

Tandem lifts on loads

Spreader Beams

Weaknesses & Reasons forFailure

Unstable with loads with a low centre of gravityCorrosive damage

Damage to bolted or welded areas / attachments

Lifting loads outside design specOverloading attachment points

Spreader BeamsCare and maintenance

Store beams in dry conditionsStore beams on stands or adequate packing

If beams are dismantled store all parts together& Reassemble correct components

Lifting / Spreader BeamsReasons for use


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Bow shackles should be used when one or more attachment is made, or toallow movement on the plain of the shackle

Dee shackles are usually joining shackles

Only use shackles that are marked with their safe working load

Never use bolts instead of

Proper shackle pins

Shackles


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In line 100% of rated capacity

45from in line 70% of rated capacity

90from in line 50% of rated capacity

Shackles symmetrically loaded withtwo leg slings having a maximum

included angle of 120can be utilizedto full working load

This applies to Crosby shackles only unless stated by your supplier

Shackles


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Point loading of Crosby shackle bow is acceptable

Point loading of Crosby shackle pins isacceptable as long as load is reasonably

centred on the pin

Although point loading is acceptable a padeye width of 80% or more of shackle spread

is best practice.

This applies to Crosby shackles only unless stated by your supplier

Crosby Shackles


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Shackles should be fitted in a manner that allows the shackle body to takethe load in a true line along its centre line.

Correct Incorrect

Correct Incorrect

Shackle pin cannot turn Shackle pin can work loose

Incorrect Correct

Safe Use OfShackles


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Working Range Link plate (Joiningshackles)

Web sling saver Spool

Wide body sling saver

Crosby Europe ltdUnit 10, Fall Bank Industrial EstateDodworth / BarnsleySouth Yorkshire S75 3LS

Telephone 01226 290516WEB: thecrosbygroup.com

Crosby Shackles& Fittings


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ShacklesReasons for use

Shackles are used in the main for attachingLifting gear to the crane hook

Lifting gear to the loadBow shackles for more than one attachment

Dee shackles for joining

Shackles


Shackles have no apparent weaknesses under normal use aslong as they are looked after properly

The main reason for failure is overloading, eccentric loads andmisuse

Check for distortion and damage to the pinCheck that it is the correct pin for the shackle

That the pin is seated correctly

ShacklesCare and maintenance

Maintenance of shackles are minimalKeep clean protect from corrosion and ensure that

threads are protected from damage


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There are usually lines of black stitching on webbing slings the amount oflines denotes SWL i.e. two lines of stitching = 2 tonne SWL

I.D. tag

Webbing slings are issued with a statement of conformity confirming thesafe working load

Due to the materials used in webbing slings they would be unsuitable forproof testing

Webbing Slings


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Various attachments available for webbing slings

Blue label: 100% Polyester

Nylon: Resists Weak Alkalis

Polyester: Resists Weak Acids

Polypropylene: Resists Both (but will stretch easy)

Nylon: When Wet Must Reduce SWL by 50%

NOTE: No natural fibre slings will be used on a construction site

WebbingSlings


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Any damage to webbing slings disregard

Feel Internal strands in slings Damage or cuts to sleeve

For damage

Protect from sharp edges of load

Do not tow or drag any loads

Keep away from Acids or Alkalis

Keep away from frost or extreme cold

Keep away from heat

Keep away from any U.V. Light

Keep away from mildew

Always store in dry clean place

Damage toWebbin Slin s


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Chemical Resistance Chart

Chemical PolyesterAcid *

Alcohols OK

Aldehydes NO

Strong Aldalis **

Bleaching Agents OK

Dry cleaning Solvents OK

Ethers NO

Halogenated Hydrocarbons OK

Hydrocarbons OKKetones OK

Oils, Crude OK

Oils, Lubricating OK

Soap and Detergents OK

Water and Seawater OK

Weak Alkalis OK

THIS IS A GENERAL GUIDELINE ONLY*Disintegrated by concentrated sulphuric acid.

**Degraded by strong alkalis at elevated temperatures.

Webbing SlingsResistance

Spanset Webbing Sling Chart


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Webbing SlingsReasons for use

Light in weight for given capacityEasier to handle than Wire or ChainCan be pushed thought narrow gaps

Unaffected by Grease or Rust

Webbing Slings


Durability and storage deterioration is poorProne to abrasion damage

Can be contaminated by alkalis and acids

Affected by heatWeb slings are inclined to stretch and may not besuitable for precise positioning

Webbing Slings

Care and maintenanceWebbing slings char or decompose over a range of

temperatures, NEVER! Dry slings near a fire orheating pipes, as overheating will cause embrittlement

Can be cut by loads if unprotected


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Wire rope slings are available in a wide range of capacities and sizes

Danger do not use if

Any wires broken at collar area or Stretch or damage to thimble

Pressed metal sleeve Soft eye

It is crucial that the SWL stamped uponThe sling is adhered to

Wire RopeSlin s


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WIRE ROPES:Type identified by a number 6/7, 6/12, 6/24 the first figureRefers to the number of strands to the rope and the secondFigure to the number of wires in the strands.Wire ropes may be fibre cores or steel cores. Fibre coresAre more flexible steel core are stronger.

Note: Steel cored rope must be used in hot works condition only

Types of lay:The two most common types of lay are: -LANGS LAY: Where the wires in the strands are twisted

In the same direction as the strand in the rope (RunningRope)

ORDINARY LAY: Where the wires in the strand are twistedin the opposite direction to the strands in the rope. (PendantRope)

Safety Factor

Mobile Crane Hoist Rope 4.5 - 6 to 1Overhead Crane (Gen. Duties) 6 to 1Wire Rope Slings 6 to 1Multi Leg Slings 8 to 1Lifts and Hoists (Goods) 6 to 1Lifts and Hoists (Passenger) 12 to 1

The Regulations State: -

A wire rope shall not be used when more than 5%%%%

Or one in twenty of the wires, can be seen to be damagedIn any ten diameter length.

Wire Rope


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Rope dia.(mm)

1 LegTonnes

EndlessTonnes

2 LegTonnes

3&4 LegTonnes

5 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.56 1.4 0.6 0.5 0.8

7 0.5 0.8 0.7 1.1

8 0.7 1.1 1.0 1.6

9 0.9 1.4 1.3 2.0

10 1.2 1.8 1.7 2.5

11 1.4 2.1 1.9 2.9

12 1.7 2.5 2.4 3.5

13 2.0 3.0 2.8 4.2

14 2.3 3.5 3.2 4.8

16 3.0 4.5 4.2 6.3

18 3.8 5.7 5.3 8.0

19 4.3 6.4 6.0 9.0

20 4.7 7.1 6.6 9.8

22 5.7 8.6 8.0 9.8

24 6.8 10.2 9.5 14.3

26 8.0 12.0 11.0 16.8

28 9.3 14.0 13.0 19.5

32 12.1 18.2 16.9 25.4

35 14.5 21.8 20.3 30.4

36 15.4 23.1 21.5 32.3

38 17.1 25.7 23.9 36.0

Wire Rope Chart


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Master link

Capacity of slingIdentification No.

Maximum sling angle

Chain Reach

Auxiliary Link C hook Safety catch

Regularly examine Chains for

Stretch are both chains of equal length

Legible markingsWorn, Stretched or twisted linksCuts, Nicks, Gouges, Cracks, Corrosion

Heat discolorationOr any other defect apparent to the fittings

Maximumwear

on a link 10%

Chain Slings


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Stress on link

Dead end

Wrong Correct

Load bearing legs must go through bottom of clutch

Chains should be kept the same length

Dead ends of chain must be kept together

Remember the shorter the chain slings are the wider sling angle, thereforecausing more stress

Working Angle

Chain SlingShortin Clutches


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Maximum sling angle 90

Chains can be used up to a 120angle if tested for such a use

Avoid sling angles less than 15this could cause load instability

Do not use multi leg slings at angles within the shaded area

When slings are used in choke hitch

the working load limit should be reducedby 20%

SlingTemperature

Reduction inWorking Load Limit

Grade 8 Grade 10

-40C to 200C None None

200C to

300C

10%

300C to

400C

25%

Above 400C Do Not Use

Do Not Use

Chain SlingSlin An les


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*Not to be used for lifting purposes

* Wrought Iron:Very little mechanical strength unless heat-treated periodically.

* Mild Steel Grade 30:Low carbon content producing a soft chain with high ductility.

High Tensile Steel Grade 40:Medium carbon steel has good wear and shock absorbingproperties also used for shackles, eyebolts & other lifting gear

Alloy Steel Grade 60:

Alloy steel of this grade produces a chain 50%%%%stronger than hightensile steel and does not suffer from brittleness in extreme cold

Alloy Steel Grade 80:Harder than lower grades and more resistant to wear, allowing fora lighter sling for given load.

Alloy Steel Grade 100 (8 + 10):25% better lifting properties than a grade 80 chain sling

Grade S.W.L Proof Breaking Factor ofLoad Load Safety

* Wrought 6 tons 12 tons 27 tons 4.5 to 1

* Mild steel (G30) 6 tons 12 tons 30 tons 5 to 1

High tensile (G40) 8 tons 16 tons 40 tons 5 to 1

Alloy steel (G60) 12 tons 24 tons 60 tons 5 to 1

Alloy steel (G80) 20 tons 40 tons 80 tons 4 to 1

Due to risk of embrittlement alloy steel grade (t) chain slings must not be used in acid oracid laden atmospheres.

Grades ofChain Slin s


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Straight lift:Each leg will carry 5 tons of stress

Increased sling angle = increased stress on slings

To ensure you stay within SWL of slings follow guide below

Load vs SlingAn les

5.0t5.0t

10 ton

30

5.2t5.2t

10 ton

90

7.1t7.1t

10 ton

5.8t 5.8t

60

10 ton


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Calculating Load vs. Sling Angle

One leg sling = Mode factor 1Two leg sling = Mode factor 1.4

Three or four leg sling = Mode factor 2.1

To calculate what SWL is needed for slings vs load angle use the magic sevens system

If you are using a sling with 2 legs @ a 90 angle the formula would be:

2 (leg sling) x 7 = 14 place decimal point between the 1 and 4 = mode factor of 1.4

Or

3 (leg sling) x 7 = 21 place decimal point between the 2 and 1 = mode factor of 2.1

So if you are using a sling with 2 legs @ an 90 angle and the weight of your load is 20tonne

20 (Load weight) by your mode factor of 1.4 (2 leg sling used) = 14 tonne slings needed tocomplete lift safely

BS 1290 Working Load LimitsOf Slings

Magic Sevens

1 x 7 = 7

2 x 7 = 1.4

3 x 7 = 2.14 x same as 3


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59

90

16 ton

Calculating Load vs. Sling Angle

Two leg sling = Mode factor 1.4

To calculate what SWL is needed for both slings

Divide 16 by mode factor 1.4

16 1.4 = 11.4tonne slings for lift

So each sling leg must be capable of lifting11.4 tons each

BS 1290 Working Load LimitsOf Slings

Magic Sevens

1 x 7 = 7

2 x 7 = 1.4

3 x 7 = 2.1

4 x same as 3 Load to sling


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225c 250c 275c 300c 320c 350c 375c 400c

The special fluorescent pink powder coating permanently highlights the maximum temperatureat which the VIP-chain has been used.

The pink colour changes to black when the chain is used at more than 400 C (forbidden).

Less sensitive to notching and hydrogen embrittlement than quality Grade 80.

Rud Chains Ltd.John Wilson Business Park

Units 10-14Thanet Way

Whitstable, Kent CT5 3QT

Phone: 011 44 1227 276 611Fax: 011 44 1227 276 586

http://www.rud.com.uk

RUD VIPChain Slings


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When using 4 legged chain slings it is important to check the tension on eachsling leg each slack leg you must reduce SWL of chain sling by 25%

When slewing with the load because of the weight transfer on the load, Or you arenot using 2 of the 4 chain legs you should reduce SWL of chain sling by 50%

Remember: Any slack legs are not taking a full load bearing weight of the lift theyare only acting as stabilisers.

4 Legged ChainSlin


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6,375 IBS / 3000kgs

11,200 IBS / 5600Kgs

12,500 IBS / 6250Kgs

15,675 IBS / 7837Kgs

Shock loading:Crane drivers and slingers should be made aware of the dangersof shock loading. Shock loading may break a sling even though the weight of the

load being lifted is well below the working load limit for that sling. Highacceleration forces, or shock loads, may be caused by the sudden operation of

the crane, by not taking up the slack before starting to lift, or by sudden impact offalling loads. Crane drivers should always lift and lower slowly.

Shock Loading

Total load At Rest A

Talking up 3 Slack at Full Speed B

Talking up 6 Slack at Full Speed C

Talking up 12 Slack at Full Speed D


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Chain SlingsReasons for use

Can be applied where no Lifting points are on LoadWhere more than one Lifting point on Load is requiredCan be hooked into Lifting points i.e. Lugs, Shackles.

Length Adjustable.Flexible

Chain SlingsWeaknesses & Reason for

Failure

Links and hooks may become distorted and fracture if

Subjected to excessive stressChain can be subject to stretch

Chain SlingsCare and Maintenance

Keep clean and protect from corrosion.Do not leave chains lying around on the floor where

they are liable to be damaged.If left out side slightly oil


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NOTE:THE WEIGHT OF ALL ATTACHMENTS USED MUST BE ADDED TO

THE LOADS WEIGHT TO ARRIVE AT THE TOTAL WEIGHT BEING LIFTED

Single drum Lift Double Drum Lift Pipe Clamp

Plate Clamp Segment Lifting Finger Coil lifter

Brick Forks Vacuum Lifting Device Plate Clamp

Various Lifting Aids


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Out of balance loads

Some loads are asymmetrical and therefore,do not balance about their centre point andsome require more careful handling it is essentialfor the slinger to acquire the skill of estimatingthe position of the centre of gravity and then placethe crane hook immediately above this estimatedpoint.

The sling nearer the heavy end will be supporting

All of the load and the second leg is only actingAs a steadying leg. In most cases a sling capable

of 100% of the load bearing weight on one slingleg should be used

Straight lift

Single leg Choke lift single leg Choke lift two legs

100% of WLL Only Use 80% of WLL (Note: some company policies reduce by 50% of WLL)

When using a single eyebolt for lifting purposes (Fig1) care should be taken toensure the eyebolt cannot unscrew if the load starts to revolve or twist. A swivel

type eyebolt should be used instead

Choke hitching forms a loop, which tightens as the load is lifted. Do not attempt toforce the hook into closer contact with the load. Allow the chain to assume its

natural angle. Single leg chains are not suitable for lifting long loads, which might

tilt.

Kuplex SlingingMethods


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Single Leg Slings In Basket Hitch

100% of WLL for single leg sling 100% of WLL for single leg sling

A single leg sling, back hooked to form a basket hitch, assumes the appearanceof a two leg sling but it should never be rated as such. The master link is only

designed for single leg loading.

Endless Slings

100% of WLL

Note: No need to de-rate

For choke hitch configuration



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Two Single Leg Slings Used Together

Two sling legs in straight lift Two single legs in choke hitch Two single legs in basket hitch

Rate as two leg sling Use only 80% of two leg sling Rate as two leg sling

Two sling legs should not be used together to form a pair unless:

A. They are of same type, grade, size and lengthB. They are both marked with the same WLL

C. The included angle between the two legs does not exceed 90D. The crane hook is large enough to comfortably accept both upper terminalfittings of the slings

Two Leg Slings

Straight Lift Basket Hitch Drum Sling Two leg sling withonly one leg in use

Rate as two leg sling Rate as two leg sling Should be rated as a single

Leg Rate at 50% of WLL



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Three Leg Slings

Straight lift Choke Hitch

Rate as Three leg sling Only use 80% of WLL

Rate as indicated only in cases where the load appears to be reasonablydistributed between all three legs. If two are obviously supporting most of the load,

Rate at 2/3 of the marked working load.

Four Leg Slings

Straight lift Choke lift Two, two leg slings used as four leg

Rate WLL as four leg sling Only use 80% of WLL Rate as four leg slingsSee comment for slings

used together



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Tag Lines

When lifting long loads, particularly in confined spaces, slingers should attach arope or tag line to one or both ends of the load so that rotational movement maybe controlled. Tag lines should be kept as short as possible slingers should alsolook out for overhead electric cables or weather conditions lighting strikes can

conduct electricity down through tag lines.

Landing loads

Before a load is lifted, a place should be prepared where it is to be put down. Thenature of the load will determine the type of preparation necessary loads should

be lowered onto timber battens. The slings can then be easily withdrawn. The loadshould never be landed directly on to the slings.



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ROUND LOADS SQUARE OBJECTS

Formula: Die x Die x 3 = Formula: Height x Width x 4 =

LBS. per foot length LBS. per foot length

Example: Object 2.75 Diameter Example: Object 3.5 x 2.512 feet long 12 feet long

2.75 x 2.75 x 3 x 12 3.5 x 2.5 x 4 x 12

Simplified = 3 x 3 x 3 x 12 Simplified = 4 x 3 x 4 x 12

Answer: 300 LBS. Answer: 576 LBS.

When simplifying always move up to the next whole number, for ease of calculation100lbs = 1cwt. When selecting a sling, the operator / Slinger should add a further

50%%%%on the weight of the load to determine the safe working load of the sling /lifting gear.

Example: 300 IBS SWL of sling = 450Ibs

WEIGHT TABLES

MATERIAL KILOGRAMS PER POUNDS PERCubic metre Cubic foot

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. In some cases weights

Aluminium 2700 170 may vary depending onBrass 8500 530 the actual compositionBrick 2100 130 of mixed Liquids.Coal 1450 90Copper 8800 550 2. All figures have beenConcrete 2400 150 rounded for convenience

Earth 1600 100 of use.Iron Steel 7700 480Lead 11200 700 3. When dealing with aMagnesium 1750 110 hollow body. Check toOil 800 50 see if it contains anyPaper 1120 70 loose objects / liquidsWater 1000 62 which may move whenWood 800 50 Lifted.

Estimating Loads


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Signals given by the banksman to the crane operator must be clear and precise toavoid confusion and to prevent accidents. They also need to be standardised so

that any operator can understand any banksman. Special signals used locally aredangerous and should be avoided

IMPORTANTIf an operator does not understand a signal or is uncertain, he should keep the

crane stationary until he can get the signal clarified in some other way.

Hand Signals


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Hand SignalsCONT.


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DOS, DONTS:

Go through them and think about the ones you do andThe ones you dont.

Ask yourself why you do them, and what would bethe consequences if you ignored certain ones.

NEVER.

Allow the load to pass over peoples heads.

Drag a chain or sling from under a load.

Roll loads over with a sling.

Allow the load to rest on slings, as they may be crushed and becomeunsafe.

Drag or lift the load out of plumb, the crane is not designed for this purposeand serious damage may occur.

Stow lifting Gear away and regard it as privateproperty.(This may lead to such tackle being overlookedfor examination)

Attempt to raise or lower the load unless it iscompletely free from obstructions.

Cross-, twist, links or knot any slings.

Hammer a chain to straighten a link or force alink into position.

Use any lifting tackle, which appears faulty.

Allow personnel to ride on loads.

Overload slings due to the weight of the load ormode of use.

Load tip of the hook.

ALWAYS THINK BEFORE YOU ACTDONT OVERLOOK SAFETY

NEVER TAKE A CHANCE


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Always

Plan the lift

Know the weight of the load being lifted

Check all equipment is free from damageor defects

Connect the sling securely to the load andposition hooks to face outwards

Apply the correct mode factor for slingingarrangement.

Protect lifting gear from sharp edges of

the load with packing. Use steadying lines on long loads to obtaincomplete control.

Use lifting gear of adequate strength.

Take the weight of the load gradually and ensure the slings are completestraight before lifting the load to avoid shock loading. (See shock load chart)

Ensure the load is balanced and will not tilt or fall.

Make sure the load is unhampered and may be lifted clear.

Select slings long enough to avoid a wide sling angle between the legs of a

multi-leg sling. Remain in sight of the crane operator when given hand signals.

Use spreader where a sling is continuous around a load and there is adanger of the load being crushed.

Ensure that cranes & loads are clear of all obstructions before givingmovement signals.

Keep fingers and toes clear when lifting or loading loads.

Back hook free legs onto master link.

Inspect lifting gear after use and store correctly.

Remember always work safely


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Documents

Slinger Signaller Hand Out