SolubilitySolubility

The ability of an ionic compound to The ability of an ionic compound to dissolve in water.dissolve in water.

A soluble compound disappears A soluble compound disappears when mixed with water (aqueous)when mixed with water (aqueous) Mixing kool-aid with water is solubleMixing kool-aid with water is soluble

An insoluble compound can still be An insoluble compound can still be seen when mixed with waterseen when mixed with water Mixing sand with water is insolubleMixing sand with water is insoluble

DOUBLE REPLACEMENT DOUBLE REPLACEMENT REACTIONS REACTIONS

(PRECIPITATION)(PRECIPITATION) two compounds exchange positive two compounds exchange positive

ions.ions.

AB + XY AB + XY AY + XB AY + XB Both reactants areBoth reactants are ionic ionic

compounds in aqueous solution compounds in aqueous solution (aq).(aq).

NaNaCl + Cl + PbPb(NO(NO33))22 PbPbClCl22 + + NaNaNONO33

The Na and Pb switch placesThe Na and Pb switch places

DOUBLE REPLACEMENT DOUBLE REPLACEMENT REACTIONS REACTIONS

(PRECIPITATION)(PRECIPITATION)NaNaCl(aq) + Cl(aq) + PbPb(NO(NO33))22(aq) (aq) PbPbClCl22(s) + (s) +

NaNaNONO33(aq)(aq) For a double replacement reaction to occur, For a double replacement reaction to occur,

the reactants must be aqueous and at least one the reactants must be aqueous and at least one product needs to be a solid, liquid, or gasproduct needs to be a solid, liquid, or gas A solid (precipitate) is formed when a A solid (precipitate) is formed when a

product is insoluble. product is insoluble. A gas bubbles out of solution.A gas bubbles out of solution. A molecular compound (such as water) is A molecular compound (such as water) is

formed.formed.

DOUBLE REPLACEMENT DOUBLE REPLACEMENT REACTIONS REACTIONS

(PRECIPITATION)(PRECIPITATION)NaNaCl(aq) + Cl(aq) + PbPb(NO(NO33))22(aq) (aq) PbPbClCl22(s) + (s) +

NaNaNONO33(aq)(aq) How do we know if a compound is aq, s, l, g?How do we know if a compound is aq, s, l, g? We look it up on the periodic table or We look it up on the periodic table or

solubility tablesolubility table Ionic compoundsIonic compounds -- look up negative ion on -- look up negative ion on

solubility tablesolubility table Soluble on table – aqueousSoluble on table – aqueous Insoluble on table – solidInsoluble on table – solid

Molecular compoundsMolecular compounds – generally liquid, like – generally liquid, like water water

Label (s) or (aq):Label (s) or (aq): Ca(NOCa(NO33))22

AgBrAgBr MgIMgI22

AgClOAgClO33

Cu(CCu(C22HH33OO22))22

BaSOBaSO44

Label (s) or (aq):Label (s) or (aq): LiLi22COCO33

CuCOCuCO33

(NH(NH44))22CrOCrO44

ZnZn33(PO(PO44))22

PbSOPbSO33

KSOKSO33

CaSCaS Ca(OH)Ca(OH)22

ACID/BASE ACID/BASE NEUTRALIZATION NEUTRALIZATION

reactions between a strong acid and reactions between a strong acid and a strong base to produce a a strong base to produce a salt and salt and water.water.

NaOH + HCl --> NaCl + HNaOH + HCl --> NaCl + H22OO