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SOUTH AFRICA
HISTORY OF COLONIZATION• Originally grew due
to gold trade
• European countries
fought for control of it-England won
• England exploited its
resources and people
APARTHEID IN S. AFRICA• Means “apart-hood,”
to be separated-segregated whites from
all non-whites
-became official in 1948
• Based on racism• Kept South Africa's
white minority in power-the best farm land,
natural resources
• Denied rights to non-whites
APARTHEID IN S. AFRICA, CON’T
• Ethnic groups in 1945-white (15%), “colored” (8.5%), Indian (2.5%),
native black (74%)
• Created separate
“homelands” for each
group in S. Africa-illegal to live/own land
in a different one
Purple = Black homelands
UNDER APARTHEID• Blacks received:
-the worst land-the worst jobs-the worst housing-the worst schools
• Blacks denied basic civil rights -couldn’t vote-couldn’t move about freely
PROTESTING APARTHEID
• African National Congress-Nelson Mandela
• Government
imprisoned /
“silenced”
all opposition
THE END OF APARTHEID• Ended in 1989
-foreign nations imposed economic sanctions
• S. Africa adopted a new constitution protecting
EVERYONE’S rights• Nelson Mandela
elected President of S. Africa (1994)
LASTING EFFECTS OF APARTHEID
• Mass of poor, uneducated blacks
• Few job opportunities for blacks
• Two distinct societies in S. Africa
• Black shantytowns
-housing shortage too
PROTEST POSTERS