Spacers

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Contents

SPACER DAMPERS

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–3

for twin, triple and four bundle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

SPACERS

Semi-flexible spacerswith neoprene inserts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5, 9

Flexible Spacerswith neoprene washers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Flexible Spacerswith reinforcing sleeve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Spacerswith straps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Rigid spacersfor jumper connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

PHASE SPACERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Aeolianvibrations Galloping Oscillations of bundled

conductors

Spacers

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SPACER DAMPERSGENERAL Wind induced vibrations on high voltage overhead lines can be categorised

according to their induced frequencies as follows: High frequency vibration(Karman or aeolian vibrations ), low-frequency oscillations (conductor gallo-ping) and subspan oscillations or bundle conductor oscillations.

Four kinds of subspan oscillations exist, three forms of rigid body modes andthe most dangerous so called subconductor oscillation. Most reports of sub-conductor vibrations pertain to lines located in terrain that is either generallyflat or gently rolling. There is a minimum, or threshold, wind velocity ( approx4 m/s) and a certain inclination of the conductors required to initiate motion.The oscillations of the leeward conductor are self-induced, where the energyinput of the wind will be dissipated by the conductor. The frequencies appea-ring here are lower than 5 Hz and the amplitudes could reach a value whichwill lead to clashing of the conductors.

constant

4–18 m/s

0.15–3 (10) Hz

Subconductor vibrationsup to 50 cm

Fixed vibration rangeup to 2 m

Distance of thesubconductors

Inclination of the conductorsPositioning of the conductors

distribution of the spacer-dampers

ConductorsFittings

DampersSpacers

Wind

Speed

Frequency

Amplitude

Conditions

Damage

constant

1–7 m/s (9 m/s)

(3) 5–50 (100) Hz

up to 3 (5) cm

Tensile stressSelf-dampingof conductorsArmour rods

DampersTerrain

Conductor wiresFittings

constant

7–18 m/s

0.1–3 Hz

up to 10 m

Climatic conditions(icing)

ConductorsFittings

Insulators

Subspan oscillation.

Wind-velocity

Tilt

Spacing

Spacers

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Design and functionSpacer dampers consist of clamps, a connec-ting frame and the damping elements. Thedamping elements, which are made of highlyflexible macromolecular elastomere, guaran-tee a certain mobility of the damper clamp.Additionally the damping elements are desi-gned in respect of temperature resistance, en-vironmental conditions and to be free of coro-na.All types of spacers have passed strict typetests in order to guarantee suitability.

Computer programmeHigh-frequency vibrationsThe maximum bending strain at different fre-quencies, at the suspension point of the con-ductor or at the clamping area of the spacers,with various configurations of conductorbundles, with or without vibration damperscan be calculated with a special computerprogramme.As well as parameters of the spacer damperscapability established in the laboratory, lineparameters supplied by the customer are alsotaken into account in the computer program-me.

Subconductor oscillationsTo give an answer about the damper to aspecific configuration of a conductor bundle,the characteristics of such a configuration willbe simulated by an analytical model. All pa-rameters of the spacer dampers, their locati-on, the movements of the conductor bundlecaused by wind as well as conductor tensilestresses will be taken into consideration.This calculation gives information about thecritical wind velocity and reflects a factor toestimate the probability that subconductor vi-brations will occur.

Placement of the damping elements.

Example of a study of sub span oscillation.

Maximum bending strain of conductors and spacers.

Maximum span length: 80 m

Wind velocity [m/s] Tilt [Grad]

Insta

bilit

y

Twin bundle

Vibration study for bundle conductorsMaximum bending strains

Code Nr.Client: MosdorferProject: TestConductor:ALAW253/23Diameter: 21,70 mmTension: 15000 N

Spacer:Number: 5Type: TYP4981

maximum allowed ben-

Freqency

W ind velocity

Strain [m/s]

No

regu

lar w

ind

pow

er

L.-Nr. Weight kg

Material: Frame: cast aluminium Damping element: neopreneClamp: cast aluminium Bolts: steel, hot dip galvanised

Spacers

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19,0–21,521,6–23,924,0–25,926,0–29,029,1–30,730,8–33,033,1–35,535,6–38,019,0–21,521,6–23,924,0–25,926,0–29,029,1–30,730,8–33,033,1–35,535,6–38,019,0–21,521,6–23,924,0–25,926,0–29,029,1–30,730,8–33,033,1–35,535,6–38,519,0–21,521,6–23,924,0–25,926,0–29,029,1–30,730,8–33,033,1–35,535,6–38,5

Conductor Ø

400400400400400400400400450450450450450450450450457457457457457457457457500500500500500500500500

Spacer Dampersfor twin-, triple- and four bundlesfor aluminium-, al-alloy-, ACSR-, AACSR- and alumoweld conductors

Bundledisctance

2,00 2,10 3,80 5,102,00 2,10 3,80 5,102,10 2,20 3,90 5,202,10 2,20 3,90 5,202,10 2,20 3,90 5,202,20 2,30 4,00 5,302,20 2,30 4,00 5,302,20 2,30 4,00 5,302,10 2,20 4,00 5,502,10 2,20 4,00 5,502,20 2,30 4,10 5,602,20 2,30 4,10 5,602,20 2,30 4,10 5,602,30 2,40 4,20 5,702,30 2,40 4,20 5,702,30 2,40 4,20 5,702,10 2,20 4,00 5,502,10 2,20 4,00 5,502,20 2,30 4,10 5,602,20 2,30 4,10 5,602,20 2,30 4,10 5,602,30 2,40 4,20 5,702,30 2,40 4,20 5,702,30 2,40 4,20 5,702,20 2,30 4,30 5,802,20 2,30 4,30 5,802,30 2,40 4,40 5,902,30 2,40 4,40 5,902,30 2,40 4,40 5,902,40 2,50 4,50 6,002,40 2,50 4,50 6,002,40 2,50 4,50 6,00

Dimensions in mm

30/4030/4530/5030/5530/6030/6530/7030/7540/4040/4540/5040/5540/6040/6540/7040/7545/4045/4545/5045/5545/6045/6545/7045/7550/4050/4550/5050/5550/6050/6550/7050/75

4980. 4981. 4982. 4983.

4980. 4981. 4982. 4983.

4980. 4981. 4982. 4983.

4980. 4981. 4982. 4983.

Hinge type Fixing with rods

Special designs:• stainless steel bolts L.-Nr. …R

e. g.: 4983.50/40R• with shear head huts

L.-Nr. …/Ke. g.: 4983.50/40/K

• with flexible copper bond L.-Nr. …e. g.: 4983.51/40Clamp designs:

L-Nr. are valid for standard clamps.

Standard

Material: Clamps: aluminium-alloy, forgedInserts: neopreneBolts: steel, hot dip galvanised

L.-Nr. Weightkg

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Conductor Ø Width of clamp Spacing

Dimensions in mm

SPACERSSemi-flexible spacerswith neoprene inserts

for horizontal and vertical twin bundlesfor aluminium-, al-alloy-, ACSR-, AACSR- and alumoweld conductors

Semi-flexible spacers consist of two clamp halves with a semi-conducting neo-prene-insert, which is solidly connected with the clamp halves. They have nomovable components, which means that there will be no damage caused byabrasion. Movements within the conductor bundle will be absorbed by theneoprene-inserts. They also act as protection for the conductor.The design of connection guarantees easy and cost-effective installation.

4976.024976.034976.044976.054976.064976.074976.084976.09

20,0–22,022,1–24,024,1–26,026,1–28,028,1–30,030,1–32,032,1–34,034,1–36,0

4040404050505050

400400400400400400400400

0,900,900,900,901,001,001,001,00

Other dimensions on request.

Spacers for four-bundleSerial-Nr. 4977…L.-Nr. on request

Spacers for triple-bundleSerial-Nr. 4977…L.-Nr. on request

Material: Clamps: aluminium-alloy, forgedStrap: steel, hot dip galvanisedWashers: neopreneLinking bolt: stainless steelBolts: steel, hot dip galvanised

L.-Nr. Weightkg

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Flexible Spacers with neoprene washersfor horizontal- and vertical twin bundlesfor aluminium-, al-alloy-, ACSR-, AACSR- and alumoweld conductors

Flexible spacers consist of two movable clamps which are linked with a steelstrap. The clamps are made of two clamp halves which are connected by asteel bolt, to give them optimum movement in all directions in case of relativemovements of the conductors of the bundle. The neoprene-inserts mounted bet-ween steel-strap and clamps have a damping characteristic and prevent noiseand abrasion.To protect the conductors the neoprene-inserts are designed so that a retrogra-de trend in movement will be achieved.

531.150/362531.150/363531.150/400

Conductor Ø

363650

Clamp width

646464

Spacing

400500500

2,202,402,40

Other dimensions on request

Dimensions in mm

Diagram of hysteresis.

Neoprene-washer

Material: Clamps: aluminium-alloy, forgedSleeve: aluminium-alloyMessenger wire: alumoweldBolts: steel, hot dip galvanised

L.-Nr. Weightkg

Spacers

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0,920,920,930,930,93

Flexible Spacers, with messenger wire and reinforcing sleevefor horizontal twin bundlefor aluminium-, al-alloy-, ACSR-, AACSR- and alumoweld conductors

This spacer works because of the special messenger cable which connects thetwo clamping bodies.These clamping bodies have a special shape to prevent damage of the con-ductor. The messenger cable allows a certain flexibility in all directions, whichis limited by a longer or shorter sleeve, which is compressed onto the messen-ger cable.

135-526-021135-526-035135-526-095135-526-020135-526-029

Conductor Ø

22,0–23,525,7–27,729,8–31,831,8–33,835,0–37,5

Clamp width

6060606060

Spacing

400400400400400

Other dimensions and types with stainless steel screws on request.

Dimensions in mm

Compression characteristic of a spacer with reinforcing sleeve.

Com

pres

sion

forc

e [k

N]

Deformation [mm]

54321

0 10 20 25

Material: Clamps: aluminium-alloy, forgedStrap: aluminium-alloy, forgedBolts: steel, hot dip galvanisedHingebolt: stainless steel

Serial-Nr. Weightkg

Material: Clamps: aluminium-alloy, forgedStrap: aluminium-alloy, forgedBolts: stainless steel

L.-Nr. Weightkg

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454550

0,901,001,10

Flexible spacers patented, with strapsfor horizontal and vertical twin bundlesfor aluminium-, al-alloy-, ACSR-, AACSR- and alumoweld conductors

This type of spacer connects the two clamp bodies by means of a strap and aconnecting bolt this allows a possible displacement in the longitudinal direc-tion.The bore holes in the straps are fitted with stainless steel bushings thus limitingthe abrasion.The shape of the distance strap can be round or flat.

531.65/381531.65/3B1531.65/709

Conductor Ø

18,8–19,921,7–22,526,1–27,5

Clamp width Spacing

400400400

Type of strap

flatflat

round

Other dimensions on request.

Dimensions in mm

Flexible Spacers with al-strapsfor horizontal and vertical twin bundlesfor aluminium-, al-alloy-, ACSR-, AACSR- and alumoweld conductors

Serial-Nr. 9437This type connects the two clamp bodies by means of a strap and a connectingbolt also this allows a possible displacement in the longitudinal direction.To reduce possible noise caused by the link and connencting bolts (rattle) thebore holes are finished by reaming.

Serial-Nr. 9438Similar to Serial-Nr. 9437 but with neoprene-bushings.

94379438

21,0 – 32,821,0 – 36,0

4545

200–400200–400

1,001,00

Conductor Ø Clamp width Spacing

Other dimensions and types with stainless steel bolts on request.

Dimensions in mm

Spacers

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Semi-flexible Spacersfor horizontal and vertical twin bundlesfor aluminium-, al-alloy-, ACSR-, AACSR- and alumoweld conductorsSemi-flexible spacers consist of two clamp halves with a semi-conducting neo-prene-insert, which is solidly connected between the clamp halves. There areno movable components, which means that there will be no damage causedby abrasion. Movements within the conductor bundle will be absorbed by theneoprene-inserts. They also act as protection for the conductor.The design of the connection guarantees easy and cost-effective installation.

Material: Clamp-body: cast aluminium-alloyInsert: neopreneBolts: steel, hot dip galvanized

Serial-Nr. 4974…L.-Nr. on request.

Rigid spacers for jumper connectionsdimensions on request.

PHASE SPACERSdimensions on request.