Ron

ECMI Large

Contents

Pages

Unique Technology 2

Operation Explained 2-3

Operational Comparison chart 3

The Effect of on Limescale 4

Crystallisation 5

Scale Prevention 6

Scale Removal 6-7

Product Specification 8

Installation Guidelines 10-11

Location Criteria 12

Operational Guidelines 13

Installation Made Easy 14

Guarantees 15

2

Unique Technology

Operation Explained

A unique and new approach to physical water treatment

Most plumbing systems mustbe regarded as an opencircuit from the electricalpoint of view. It would beimpractical and expensive toform a reliable circuit from adomestic or industrialplumbing system whereby anelectrical current flowsthrough every section of theplumbing system.

To generate a reasonableflow of electrons in an opencircuit conductor, it isnecessary to provide a sourceof high frequency to aconductor that is longenough to generate astanding wave voltage overits length. Fig. 1 shows a signwave of 200KHz. The wavelength is 1500m, the 1/4 wavelength is 375m. A domesticplumbing system includingthe feed pipe, centralheating, cold water and hotwater is about 60m. If thesource is 10V then thestanding wave voltage will be[sin((60/375)*90)]*10 = 2.49Vbetween one end of theplumbing system and theother. This voltage differencebetween the extremities ofthe plumbing system is causedby a substantial flow ofelectrons from one end to theother of the system. Fig.2represents the position at T1on Fig.1 and Fig.3 representsthe position at T2 on Fig.1.

The most important feature of the HYDROPATHTECHNOLOGY that sets it apart from that of anycompeting technology, is the efficient manner bywhich the electric field is directionally generatedthroughout the entire water system.

This unique advantage protected by internationalpatents singularly delivers consistently beneficialresults in industrial, commercial, and domesticapplications.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Water softener

Magnetic

Electromagnetic

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To achieve this flow of electrons in the plumbingsystem a voltage must be generated in the water inthe direction of the pipe. This is achieved by utilisinga high frequency transformer. This transformerconsists of a ferrite ring around the water pipe. A primary coil is wound around the ferrite ring. Anyconductor, the water and the pipe (if it is aconductive material) will form parallel secondarywindings of the transformer. The signal that is fed to the primary coil is a high frequency diminishingwave with random wait periods. This wave isdesigned to allow the formation of seed crystals for avariety of crystal forming salts that may be present inthe water.

Fig.2 and Fig.3 illustrate the diminishing wave andthe voltage V over the plumbing system at specifictimes marked T1 and T2 in Fig.1, as well as theposition of the electrons, and the positively chargedatoms in the conducting water (and pipe), atmaximum voltage position. V is the voltagegenerated by the ferrite ring and, I is the acceleratedcharge generated due to the standing wave.

It is this acceleration that forms the electromagneticfield. The electric component is responsible for thegeneration of nuclear clusters that act as seed crystalsto prevent the formation of encrusting scale.

Operational comparison betweendifferent water conditioners

✱ All normal temperatures 20ºC - 98ºC in a typical heating system

✸ A voltage of not less than 0.5 volts can be measured throughout the system

The Effect of on Limescale

4

Hard Water – the Cause of the ProblemRainwater is slightly acidic, ie soft. In heavilyindustrialised regions, emissions make the rainwatermore acidic. The hardness in water comes from thecalcium and magnesium salts, that are dissolved intothe water, from soluble rocks through which the rainwater flows. Hard water contains both temporaryand permanent hardness. Temporary hardness inmost cases is associated with calcium and magnesiumcarbonates and bicarbonates. These crystal formingsalts are held in solution and will remain so, unlessthere is a change in pressure or temperature, whichwill cause the water to become supersaturated,resulting in the precipitation of encrusting scale onhot or rough surfaces, such as pipes and heatexchangers. Permanent hardness is due mainly tocalcium and magnesium sulphate and is not effectedby heat or pressure change. However if the water isevaporated it will remain and will encrust.

The water hardness problem is sometimesexacerbated by being stored in reservoirs constructedfrom different materials and is also furtherexacerbated seasonally as the water table rises andfalls resulting in concentrations.

Physical ConditioningChemists are concerned with the chemical reaction ofelements and compounds that have formed as aresult of the reactions. However, to gain anunderstanding of Physical Conditioners, one has totake into account the physical effects that occurbefore the reactions take place. Hence PhysicalConditioning.

The ElectrochemistryStable chemical compounds are normally electricallyneutral. When they dissolve in water to formsolution, they may separate into oppositely chargedparticles called ions. This process is known as

dissociation and can be partial or complete. Althoughions are independent particles, the connection totheir opposite is maintained and is re-establishedfollowing crystallisation. This process of dissociationin water is used widely in industry to separate metalsfrom their compounds, for electroplating and theseparating of the elements of water itself, oxygenand hydrogen gases.

Dissolved SolidsThe mineral salts found in water can be determinedin type and quantity by simple evaporation andweighing the residue. In addition to hardness salts –and by other techniques – sodium chloride, sodiumsulphate and silica can be found. These substances donot exist in solution as definite compounds, but as“ions” – charged soluble particles of metal (known ascations) or as acid radicals (know as anions).

The most commonly occurring cations are:Calcium Ca2+

Magnesium Mg2+

Sodium Na+

The most commonly occurring anions are:Chloride Cl-

Sulphate SO42-

Bicarbonate HCO3-

The negative and positive signs indicate polarity ofelectron charge. The negative sign indicates electrongain, positive sign electron loss. Contaminants can begrouped according to polarity and magnitude of charge.

Neutrality of Water pH ValuePure water in its liquid state is also slightlydissociated into its constituent ions.

H2O H+ + OH-

hydrogen ion hydroxyl ion

This equation suggests that water contains hydrogenions moving freely within the liquid however ahydrogen atom with one electron removed is simplya proton. It is now recognised that the protonsattach themselves to water molecules to form ahydronium ion H3O+. For simplicity, H+ ions will bereferred to below, although the physical reality is,that such species do not have an independentexistence in water.

Both hydrogen and hydroxyl ions are present inexactly the same quantity, so that pure water is“neutral”. In a unit weight of pure water there will

Infiltration

Evaporation

MarshSea

Sun energy

Overland flow

Pond

Ground-water table

Rainfall

Fig. 1 The Water Cycle

There are two basic nucleation mechanisms:■ Homogeneous nucleation – where the nucleus is

formed spontaneously from the mother solution;and

■ Heterogeneous nucleation – where a foreignsubstance, such as a metal surface or anothernucleus, acts as a seed for precipitation.

Any charged species (ions) can be regarded as adipole and will be attracted to each others oppositepole. Ions are completely dissociated and distributedrandomly throughout a solution (see Fig. 2). Ionsbecome associated due to diffusion and electrostaticattraction. This attraction is increased by orientationof the dipoles in an electric field. An electric field isthe force field that exists between any concentrationof charges. can create such concentrationof charges throughout the system by creating theelectric field, as will be described below.

produces an electric field which is switchedon and off. The length of the off sequence israndomly controlled. By switching the electric fieldoff, adjacent species move together to form clusters(see Fig. 3). These clusters, themselves representinglarger dipoles, are affected by the electric fieldduring the on sequence, and are joined together toform localised areas of high concentration. Theinternal forces generated by these larger clustersresult in a contraction and concentration of theattraction forces, this causes the collapse of theclusters into nuclei which are the seed crystals.

The presence of the electric fieldthroughout the solute will enhance the formation ofthese large clusters by orientating them, in both thesaturated and unsaturated solutions. This processattracts more charged species and stable nuclei areformed (see Fig. 4). The attraction forces of suchnuclei become much greater and as ions diffuse tothe nuclei surface, a diffusion layer is formed and theions become incorporated into the crystal lattice.Crystals are formed and grow, again helped by theeffect of orientation of the ions by the applied field,and aggregate to form larger crystals. When

is used, the diffusion is enhanced becausethe ions are orientated by the electric field being

5

be 0.0000001 unit weights of hydrogen ion and ofhydroxyl iron, or 10-7 parts of each. The pH value –the index of acidity, alkalinity or purity – uses thefigure 7 as a neutral or purity point of the scale.Natural pure water is said to have a pH value of 7.pH = - log10 (H+). (where H+ is the hydrogen ionconcentration).

As hydrogen ion concentration is increased the pHvalue decreases. As hydroxyl concentration increasesthe pH value increases.

Acidity is due to hydrogen ions so the more acid thewater becomes the lower its pH value, Alkalinity isdue to hydroxyl ions so the more alkaline the waterbecomes, the higher its pH value. This is becauseacids give hydrogen ions in solution, while alkalinesgive hydroxyl ions:

H2SO4 2H+ + SO42-

sulphuric acid

NaOH Na+ + OH-

caustic soda

The pH scale covers the range of 0-14, from stronglyacid to strongly alkaline.

CrystallisationCrystallisation normally occurs when a solutionbecomes supersaturated. A supersaturated solution is one that contains a higher concentration of solutethan its equilibrium concentration (saturation).However supersaturation alone is not sufficient for asystem to begin to crystallise. It is generally acceptedthat two steps are involved in the formation ofmicroscopic crystals from supersaturated solutions:First, nuclei, minute crystalline entities of definitesize, must be formed (nucleation); and second, these nuclei must grow (crystal growth). There are many other variables which influence thenucleation and growth of crystals such as: thepresence of the impurities; turbulence within thesystem; the nature and state of the surfaces incontact with the solution, etc.

Fig. 2

Fig. 3 Nuclear Cluster

6

applied. For this process to occur throughout thesystem, the field has to be present throughout thesolution, especially closer to the area where thesolution will experience changes in temperature orpressure which are responsible for the precipitationof the salts from solution. When is presentcrystals are formed and grow helped by theorientation of the ions in the applied field. Smallcrystals aggregate to form larger crystals that growat the expense of smaller crystals.

The energy and time necessary to orientate andmove the charged species together, will vary fordifferent species. Any crystallising system ischaracterised by the generation of a spectrum ofdifferently sized particles. The electric field appliedby allows for these differences.

Scale PreventionIf hard scale deposits are to be avoided,heterogeneous nucleation has to be minimised andhomogeneous nucleation under supersaturationconditions has to be prevented. This can be achievedby the installation of that will start thegeneration of large numbers of nuclear clusters.These clusters will grow and then collapse into nucleithat will act as seed crystals. In the presence of alarge quantity of seeds, homogeneous crystallisationcan occur in the solution. This will cause theformation of large crystals as soon as the solutionapproaches super-saturation. Large crystals thengrow at the expense of smaller crystals. The bulk ofcrystallisation will occur in suspension, andheterogeneous crystallisation on the surfaces isthereby minimised.

Any heterogeneous crystallisation that does form onthe surfaces, will be such a thin layer that it will bereturned to solution, as soon as the solution becomesunsaturated.

To be effective, a physical conditioner has to causetotal precipitation of scale for the temperature atwhich the water is being heated in a heat exchanger.

This will prevent the formation of supersaturatedwater.

If supersaturated water is allowed to form and thenflows to other parts of the plumbing system, scalingwill occur on surfaces that will be in contact with thesupersaturated water. This will continue until normalsaturation is achieved.

To prevent supersaturation conditions, a physicalconditioner has to produce sufficient seed crystals inthe heat exchanger, to ensure that all the crystalforming salts that can precipitate will do so, andform stable crystals in suspension. As the clusters thatform the seed crystals are unstable and continuallyreturn to solution, the conditioning field has to bepresent close to and inside the heat exchanger toensure the formation of the clusters.

HYDROPATH TECHNOLOGY achieves this byefficiently generating large numbers of seed crystalsin the saturated and unsaturated water. This processcontinues all over the plumbing system all the time,and is due entirely to the omnipresent propagatingfield replacing any seeds that are continuouslydissolving back into solution.

Scale RemovalIn a scaling system there are three processes that areat work: Heterogeneous crystallisation, homogeneouscrystallisation, and scale returning to solution oncethe solute has become unsaturated.

Heterogeneous crystallisation occurs primarily, onsurfaces that are subject to increasing temperatures.As not all the solute is in contact with the heatingsurface, supersaturated liquid will be carried away byconvection and circulating currents to other surfaces.Scaling on other surfaces will continue untilsaturation point is achieved. Homogeneouscrystallisation occurs in large vessels containing highvolumes of solute, with a relatively small surfacearea. As the solute is being heated, the solutionbecomes supersaturated. The surface area is notsufficient to provide all the nucleation necessary. Thesolute reaches a critical condition. At this point anysource of energy, such as turbulence in the solute,will cause homogeneous nucleation. All the materialthat can precipitate does so at once. A large numberof small crystals are formed. These crystals have ahigh surface charge that cause them to adhere to allthe surfaces, including cold surfaces. The fine crystalswhich have adhered to the surfaces will then becomethe nuclei for heterogeneous crystallisation insubsequent heating cycles.

The third process is the return to solution of the scaledeposits. After the solute has become unsaturateddue to cooling or pressure change, a quantity of the

Fig. 4 Crystal Nuclei (Seed)

7

deposits will be returned to solution. The surfacescale that had been formed is not as stable as thecrystals that have been formed in suspension, due tothe uneven way that nucleation has occurred on thesurfaces (see Fig. 5).

Descaling can only occur if the water in contact withthe scaled surface is unsaturated, and is able todissolve the carbonates to form bicarbonates. The presence of CO2 is necessary for the formation of bicarbonates. The CO2 which is present in solutionin the water, comes from two sources, one from theair in contact with the water and the other, from the decomposition of bicarbonates due to theheating process.

H2O + CO2unsaturated water

H2CO3 + CaCO3 Ca(HCO3)2

Descaling of the heat exchanger using relies totally on turbulence. This is because thetemperature of the water is increasing and wouldnormally only deposit scale. If turbulence is present,the water experiences pressure changes that causethe water to change rapidly from supersaturated toan unsaturated condition. While unsaturated thewater will dissolve the scale on the surfaces, and inthe supersaturated condition the deposits will growin suspension due to the presence of the clustersgenerated by the applied field.

In every system containing solute, there is a balanceof scale-formation and scale-solution. In a systemwhere the balance is in favour of scale-formation, the system will experience scaling. In a system where

the balance is in favour of scale-solution, the systemwill remain free of scale.

simply tips the balance in favour of thescale-solution, by providing a large quantity ofunsaturated solution that dissolves the existingsurface scale. This process is repeated, dissolvingsurface scale and forming suspended stable crystals.The heterogeneous crystallisation is replaced byhomogeneous crystallisation. However in this casehomogeneous crystallisation occurs as soon as thesolute becomes supersaturated, due to the presenceof a large quantity of clusters generated by

. As a result the old scale will ultimatelycompletely return to solution and is converted tostable individual crystals. These stable amorphouscrystals can be removed by filtration in circulatingsystems. In open systems they will pass harmlessly outwith the flow.

Fig. 5 Heterogeneous Nucleation

Ca(HCO3)2 + Heat + CaCO3 + H2O + CO2calcium bicarbonate calcium carbonatein solution in suspension

CaCO3 + turbulence + + H2O + CO2 Ca(HCO3)2calcium carbonate calciumon the surfaces bicarbonate

RAIN(SOFT WATER)

SOLUBLE ROCKS

TEMPERATURE ORPRESSURE CHANGE

PRECIPITATION

THE ANSWER

WATER TABLE(HARD WATER)

SUPER SATURATEDWATER

ENCRUSTING SCALE

RAIN(SOFT WATER)

WATER TABLE(HARD WATER)

SUPER SATURATEDWATER

ENCRUSTING SCALE

8

Transducer UnitMain unit: Anodized AluminiumEnd plates: UL V-0 rated Polycarbonate

Water and Dust ProtectionIP rating: IP66 IEC 60529

Built-in EMI FilterMeets: FCC 20780 Class B

VDE 0871 Level A

SafetyEurope and IEC 1010-1:90 + A1:92 + A2:95World Wide: EN61010

Tested according to CENELECNational requirements

USA UL3101-1

Canada CSA22.2 No: 1010.1-92CAN/CSA-22:2 No. 0.4-M1982

Over-voltage (Transients)10 to 20% above nominal

Remote Monitoring FacilityNormally open circuit or 5V output(Special terminated cable can be provided tofacilitate connection)

Product Specification

Manufactured to BSEN9002

N

L

White

Black

Green

To be installed inaccordance with thelatest local wiringinstructions Fuse rating: 1A

L

Blue

Brown

Yellow/Green

To be installed inaccordance with thelatest IEE wiringinstructions Fuse rating: 1A

MODEL Maximum Power Supply Rating Input Current Dimensions WeightPipe o.d. mA mm in Kg

mm min max

C45 45 87 to 240 VAC/47-63 Hz 20 mA 78mA 4

C60 60 87 to 240 VAC/47-63 Hz 31 mA 89mA 4

C100 108 87 to 240 VAC/47-63 Hz 20 mA 78mA 5

C120 130 87 to 240 VAC/47-63 Hz 29 mA 83mA 5

C160 200 87 to 240 VAC/47-63 Hz 32 mA 92mA 6

All Models

See page 9

Europe North AmericanContinent

N

L

CB Test certificate, in accordancewith the International (IEC) standards listed above

CSA Certification, in accordance withthe UL / CSA standards listed above

9

C45

C60

C100

C120

C160

All measurements in mm

10

Installation Guidelines

HOT WATER

COLD FEED

HOT WATER HEATINGRETURN

HEATING FLOW

COLD FEED

HOT WATER

FLOW AND

RETURNFROM BOILER

COLDFEED

HOT WATER

HEATINGRETURN

COLD FEED

HEATING FLOW

Storage Water HeaterGas/Oil

Tube and Shell Heat Exchanger

CalorifierBoiler or Electric

Plate Heat Exchanger

is installed before the point of heat exchange or pressure change and on the outlet sideof any pumps. is not flow dependent: choice of model is determined by pipework diameter.

11

PHCOND

Hot Water System Chiller SystemDirect/Indirect

Cooling TowerForced Draft

Cooling TowerOpen System

Note: Install 2nd if systemis already scaled

12

Protecting Heat Exchangersis best fitted to the cold water supply or

make up water to a heat exchanger.

Fit to the circulating water return to theheat exchanger:-■ if the flow of make up water is low;■ if the make up water pipe is short;■ to avoid an electrical loop. (See loops below.)

DO use the unique protection zone to protectappliances supplied with water that is not normally flowing.

DO consider signal propagation barriers whendetermining the size of the seed generation zone.Such barriers include non-conducting valves, sandfilters, pumps and large tanks. In addition theprotection zone is decreased by complexities in theplumbing system. When protecting mixer valves,showers, etc, that are supplied with hot water from arecirculating system, install on therecirculating water. If there is a large hot water tank,choose the flow out of that tank.

DO ensure that is protected from surfacesthat may exceed 55ºC. Use insulating material andselect a larger model if necessary.

DO remember that descales and thatafter installation greater than usual quantities ofprecipitate may be released.

Location Criteria

Protecting remote valves and appliancesIf these devices are supplied with hot water from arecirculating system, is best fitted to thehot water flow from the heat exchanger or calorifier.If the remote devices are not supplied from a hotwater recirculating system, they are best treatedusing fitted on the cold water supply.

DO NOT install inside an electricalloop. (See the two diagrams at the foot of this page.)

DO NOT locate on the water supplyinto a cold water tank or sand filter. The signal willbe lost with little user benefit.

DO NOT think of as a water softener.treats the temporary hardness salts and not

the permanent hardness salts. These can form scalewhen the water evaporates. A good quality watersoftener will remove almost all salts but it needsmaintenance, causes corrosion and produces non-potable water.

DO NOT fit before a pump or a largefilter or large volumous tanks.

DO NOT expect to descale a pipethrough which the water has almost stoppedflowing.

13

Scale Preventionprevents the formation of hard scale due

to increases of temperature and pressure change,under all normal operating conditions. Users areadvised to contact Hydropath Technical Support ifthey suspect that conditions are unusual.

Scale RemovalExisting scale is normally broken down. The timetaken depends on the volume of water, the flow ofwater to remove the excess scale crystals, the porosityof the old scale and variations in the temperatureand the pressure of the water. In most cases theprocess is fairly rapid and up to 95% or more of oldscale is broken down and treated within the firstthree months.

Hard scale may be slow to break down where there islow water volume and little variation oftemperature, flow, hardness and pressure. In suchcases is best fitted from new or afterchemical cleaning.

If is applied to a heavily scaled system,where scale may have formed on the inside of anarrow pipe or plate heat exchanger there is a smallrisk of blockage due to dislodged pieces of scale. Theuser is advised to have a system cleanse or to installsuitable coarse filters prior to fitting.

The signal is effective both up and downstream and can cause a large quantity of scale to bebroken down. In most cases the only effect may bethat users see the crystals as they emerge from opentaps. This does not always happen and stops withinthree months. There will be no adverse effect in aclosed recirculating system unless there is significantevaporation or there has previously been somesignificant leakage.

CorrosionThe application of cannot itself causecorrosion or leaks. Scale is a direct cause of corrosionand its removal may reveal leaks. Rust coatings inmild steel pipework are altered, resulting in a hardblack surface deposit, magnetite, rather than normalrust and further corrosion is prevented. This effect isdue to an interference with the electro-chemicalreaction needed for corrosion to take effect.

Maintenanceuses solid state circuitry and does not

require maintenance. Its signal cannot create filmswhich would reduce performance. There is a red light which is powered directly by the generatedsignal and is a positive indication of correctoperation. If the operation of the device is critical,users should monitor this light as part of a plannedmaintenance procedure.

Residual EffectOnce water has left the plumbing system or left theprotection zone, it can no longer be subjected to the

conditioning field. 30 minutes may betaken as a conservative guide to the time that thewater retains its full scale prevention ability.

System Turbulence In systems with no turbulence the crystals can settle.This can occur in commercial kettles, coffee machinereservoirs, large calorifiers and cooling tower pools.The resulting soft scale should be removed duringmaintenance or using filters.

Recirculating Systems withEvaporationWhere a recirculating system involves evaporation,e.g. cooling towers or humidifiers, the suspendedcrystals must be removed using filtration (<50microns) or blow down to avoid concentration. Oninitial application existing scale will be broken downleading to an excess of precipitate which users mustaddress. The easiest approach is to introduce anautomatic blowdown system. The ideal would be tofit a suitable filter with an automatic back washsystem. Other methods include pH control.

Plate Heat ExchangersWhen using to protect plate heatexchangers, existing scale in the pipes upstream ofthe device will be broken down. This will lead toexcess precipitate in the heat exchangers which cancontinue to cause scale for the first few weeks. If theplate heat exchanger is heated using steam it isadvised that the hot steam supply is connected to thesame side as the water return. The heat exchangerwill give increased performance through theavoidance of boiling.

Operational Guidelines

90V-260Velectric supply

3m flying lead

3m cable with fixed connectors

Fix to wall

Red and green LED’s

Remote monitoring connection

14

Secure the unit firmly to the pipe usingtwo stainless steel ties provided. The ties are installedthrough the slots incorporated in the lower sectionof both end caps, passed around the pipe andsecured: initially pulled hand-tight, then securedmore firmly by a screwdriver.

Fit two hexagon nuts into the holes provided in the end plate, next to the ferrite retaining cage, (see Fig. 1). Where the installation is on a verticalpipe, it is recommended that the unit is fitted withthe ferrite cage uppermost to ease fitting of hexagonnuts.

Insert a long ferrite bar through aperture inretaining cage until both holes line up with the twohexagon nuts in the end plate, (see Fig. 1). Takesecond ferrite and line up with hole in ferritethrough retaining cage, insert plastic bolt throughboth ferrite bars and tighten into hexagon nut.Assemble other ferrites around pipe (see Fig. 2) andsecure with nuts and bolts making the finalconnection into the hexagon nut on the other side ofthe ferrite cage. Tighten all nuts and bolts until handtight, do not over tighten.

Install Power Supply Unit (P.S.U.) in a convenientposition adjacent to the mains electric (90V-260V)supply point, so that the L.E.D.’s can be easily viewed.A special extension cable can be obtained from thesupplier if required.

Connect to mains electric supply in accordance withthe Regulations. Switch on mains supply and ensurethat the red and green L.E.D.s are glowing brightlyon the Power Supply Unit (P.S.U.). The green L.E.D.confirms there is power to the unit; the red L.E.D.confirms a signal has been induced in the system.NOTE: If the red light does notglow please check to ensure theunit is not fitted inside anelectrical loop.

The remote monitoringfacility should be plugged intothe second connector on thePower Supply Unit (P.S.U.).

Installation Made Easy

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

15

Warranty – Money Back Offer

Guarantee

units are guaranteed for a period of threeyears from date of purchase. If the red light does notglow and the water conditioner has not beenphysically broken through misuse, it will be repairedor replaced free of charge.

The units should be returned direct to theCompany with proof of purchase. Any unauthorisedattempt to repair the unit will invalidate thisguarantee. Your statutory rights are not affected.

turn reimburse the end user. The money back offerapplies only where the units has beeninstalled in accordance with the Company’srecommendations. The Company will not acceptresponsibility for the build-up of encrusting scale onheating and hot water equipment which has notbeen installed in accordance with the manufacturer’sinstructions. Your statutory rights are not affected.

Limitations

Under no circumstances will the Company acceptclaims arising out of failure of the unit/s,nor will the Company accept any liability forconsequential damage caused by the effectivenessand efficiency of the unit/s e.g. wherethere is the possibility of loose scale particles beingallowed to enter the system or process unfiltered. Anend users rights are restricted to those set out in theguarantee and the money back offer.

The Company will not accept responsibility for waterleaks that are revealed by the dissolving of scale. TheCompany will not accept responsibility for anyproblems resulting from the disconnection of thepower supply to the unit.

The Company accepts that certain types of encrustingscale once formed e.g. those with highconcentrations of silicates, sulphates and phosphates,will not quickly be dissolved by the unit. Insuch cases it is recommended that systems containingsuch encrusting scale should be chemically cleaned.Once cleaned the system should stay clear thereafter.

The unit/s comply fully with EMCRegulations. However, in the presence of a weak orattenuated signal, interference on radio equipmentoperating on the long wave band may beexperienced.

The warranty period with respect to fitness forpurpose for unit/s is twelve months fromdate of purchase. If after a period of more than sixmonths after installation but not later than twelvemonths after installation the end user demonstratesthat the unit/s failed to prevent build-upof encrusting scale, the Company will refund to themerchant the cost of the unit/s. Themerchant will reimburse the contractor who will in

© Hydropath (UK) Ltd. is a trademark of Hydropath (UK) Ltd. Hydropath (UK) Ltd reserves the right to alter the specifications of its

products at any time. For further information contact Hydropath on 01159 422546 or fax 01159 420332.