STALIN: STALIN:

MAD, BAD, AND SADMAD, BAD, AND SAD

JOSEF STALINJOSEF STALIN

NOT HIS REAL NAME, HE’S NOT EVEN A NOT HIS REAL NAME, HE’S NOT EVEN A RUSSIAN.RUSSIAN.

BORN IN GEORGIA (CAUCUSUS) IN 1879.BORN IN GEORGIA (CAUCUSUS) IN 1879. IOSIF DZHUGASHVILI. FATHER WAS A IOSIF DZHUGASHVILI. FATHER WAS A

SHOEMAKER AND A DRUNK. HE GREW UP SHOEMAKER AND A DRUNK. HE GREW UP IN A HUT.IN A HUT.

ENROLLS IN SEMINARY;ENROLLS IN SEMINARY;

IS THROWN OUT FORIS THROWN OUT FOR

READING MARXREADING MARX

““COMRADE” STALIN AS COMRADE” STALIN AS REVOLUTIONARYREVOLUTIONARY

DOES LITTLE DURING RUSSIAN DOES LITTLE DURING RUSSIAN REVOLUTIONREVOLUTION

APPOINTED BOLSHEVIK COMMISSAR APPOINTED BOLSHEVIK COMMISSAR OF NATIONALITIES AFTER THE OF NATIONALITIES AFTER THE REVOLUTIONREVOLUTION

STALIN COMES TO POWERSTALIN COMES TO POWER

Becomes party secretaryBecomes party secretary Gets to appoint those loyal to him to Gets to appoint those loyal to him to

PolitburoPolitburo Takes full power by 1929Takes full power by 1929 Says Lenin wanted him to be his Says Lenin wanted him to be his

successorsuccessor

FIVE YEAR PLANSFIVE YEAR PLANS Central governmentCentral governmentplanners set goals -planners set goals -Soviet industry Soviet industry Almost catches up to Almost catches up to Rest of Europe in lessRest of Europe in lessThan 15 yearsThan 15 years Right: Happy PeasantsRight: Happy Peasants

SOCIALIST REALISMSOCIALIST REALISM

ART MUST ART MUST PROMOTEPROMOTE

THE GOALS OF THETHE GOALS OF THEREVOLUTION.REVOLUTION.

NEW CITIES AND MASSIVE NEW CITIES AND MASSIVE PROJECTS BUILT, SOMETIMES PROJECTS BUILT, SOMETIMES

WITH AMERICAN HELPWITH AMERICAN HELP

COLLECTIVE FARMSCOLLECTIVE FARMS

ELIMINATING THE KULAKSELIMINATING THE KULAKS

KULAKS WERE KULAKS WERE PROSPEROUS PROSPEROUS PEASANTS, WHO PEASANTS, WHO SOMETIMES LENT SOMETIMES LENT MONEY AND SEED MONEY AND SEED TO OTHER TO OTHER PEASANTSPEASANTS

ACCUSED OF ACCUSED OF SABOTAGESABOTAGE

STALIN LAUNCHES STALIN LAUNCHES A CLASS WARA CLASS WAR

FAMINE IN UKRAINEFAMINE IN UKRAINE

HARVESTS FAIL IN HARVESTS FAIL IN 1932-331932-33

PURGESPURGES STALIN REMOVED ANYONE HE PERCEIVED STALIN REMOVED ANYONE HE PERCEIVED

AS A THREATAS A THREAT EVENTUALLY, ALMOST ALL THE “OLD EVENTUALLY, ALMOST ALL THE “OLD

BOLSHEVIKS” OF THE REVOLUTION WERE BOLSHEVIKS” OF THE REVOLUTION WERE REPLACED BY “LITTLE STALINS”REPLACED BY “LITTLE STALINS”

SHOW TRIALSSHOW TRIALS

Public humiliation ofPublic humiliation of

Those being purged.Those being purged.

Started with killing ofStarted with killing of

Kirov, a loyal followerKirov, a loyal follower

Of Stalin. LiquidationsOf Stalin. Liquidations

Sometimes amountedSometimes amounted

To hundreds a day.To hundreds a day.

ASSASSINATIONSASSASSINATIONS

REWRITING HISTORYREWRITING HISTORY

CULT OF PERSONALITYCULT OF PERSONALITY

THE GULAGTHE GULAG

WORK CAMPS FOR DISSENTERS OR WORK CAMPS FOR DISSENTERS OR ANYONE ACCUSED BY PARTYANYONE ACCUSED BY PARTY

MOSTLY IN SIBERIA – MASSIVE MOSTLY IN SIBERIA – MASSIVE PROJECTS BUILT BY SLAVE LABORPROJECTS BUILT BY SLAVE LABOR

THE GULAG “ARCHIPELAGO”THE GULAG “ARCHIPELAGO”

STALIN AND HITLERSTALIN AND HITLER

HITLER DETESTS COMMUNISM; IS HITLER DETESTS COMMUNISM; IS DETERMINED TO DESTROY ITDETERMINED TO DESTROY IT

STALIN AND HITLER SIGN STALIN AND HITLER SIGN NONAGGRESSION PACT IN 1939NONAGGRESSION PACT IN 1939

Stalin cooperates in Hitler’s invasion Stalin cooperates in Hitler’s invasion of Poland, grabs territory.of Poland, grabs territory.

Refuses to believe in 1941 that Hitler Refuses to believe in 1941 that Hitler would invade Soviet Unionwould invade Soviet Union

STALIN AS WAR LEADERSTALIN AS WAR LEADER

FINALLY RALLIES FINALLY RALLIES PEOPLE AFTER THREE PEOPLE AFTER THREE WEEKSWEEKSORDERS COUNTER-ORDERS COUNTER-ATTACK OUTSIDEATTACK OUTSIDEMOSCOW.MOSCOW.ANYONE WHO FAILS,ANYONE WHO FAILS,DIESDIES

SOVIETS DEFEAT NAZISSOVIETS DEFEAT NAZIS

MILLIONS OF LOSSES, PERHAPS 20 MILLIONS OF LOSSES, PERHAPS 20 MILLION DEAD, GREATEST OF WARMILLION DEAD, GREATEST OF WAR

SOVIETS GET AMERICAN MATERIAL HELPSOVIETS GET AMERICAN MATERIAL HELP ROLL ACROSS EASTERN EUROPE IN ROLL ACROSS EASTERN EUROPE IN

1944-451944-45 TAKE BERLIN, HITLER COMMITS SUICIDETAKE BERLIN, HITLER COMMITS SUICIDE HAVE BIGGEST ARMY IN EUROPE, BEST HAVE BIGGEST ARMY IN EUROPE, BEST

TANKSTANKS

GENOCIDESGENOCIDES

Chechens, Kalmyks and BalkarsChechens, Kalmyks and Balkars Small Caucasian peoples accused of Small Caucasian peoples accused of

cooperating with Naziscooperating with Nazis Rounded up and sent into desert in Rounded up and sent into desert in

dead of winter to die.dead of winter to die.

DEATH OF STALINDEATH OF STALIN

19531953 ““DOCTORS’ PLOT”DOCTORS’ PLOT” NO CLEAR SUCCESSIONNO CLEAR SUCCESSION

SO WHY WAS STALIN SO WHY WAS STALIN

MADMAD

BADBAD

SAD?SAD?