STANDBY POWER LOSSES IN HOUSEHOLD ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES … · 2003. 7. 21. · ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES AND OFFICE EQUIPMENT. STANDBY POWER LOSSES ... Direction Standby power consumption

STANDBYSTANDBYPOWERPOWERLOSSESLOSSES

REGIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY STANDARDSAND LABELLING

UNCC, Bangkok, 29-31 May 2001

Dr. Brahmanand Mohanty

Regional Adviser for Asia, French Agency for the Environment andEnergy Management (ADEME)

Adjunct Associate Professor, Asian Institute of Technology (AIT)

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STANDBY POWER LOSSES IN HOUSEHOLDSTANDBY POWER LOSSES IN HOUSEHOLDELECTRICAL APPLIANCES AND OFFICEELECTRICAL APPLIANCES AND OFFICE

EQUIPMENTEQUIPMENT

STANDBYSTANDBYPOWERPOWERLOSSESLOSSES INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

“Standby loss” or “Leaking electricity”

accounts for 9.4% of household energy usein Japan (11.6% in Australia)

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Standby electricity = energy consumed byappliances when switched off or not

performing any function

STANDBYSTANDBYPOWERPOWERLOSSESLOSSES ESTIMATION OF STANDBY POWER LOSSESESTIMATION OF STANDBY POWER LOSSES

5

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sta

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er (W

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STANDBYSTANDBYPOWERPOWERLOSSESLOSSES ESTIMATION OF STANDBY POWER LOSSESESTIMATION OF STANDBY POWER LOSSES

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) JapanJapanIntroduction

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Swi

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land

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power

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(%)

Average residential standby power (W)Fraction of total residential electricity use (%)

ESTIMATION OF STANDBY POWER LOSSESESTIMATION OF STANDBY POWER LOSSES

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24

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36

66

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10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Thermal/ink-jet faxmachine

Dot matrix/ inkjetprinter

Personal computerw/o monitor

Monitor

Power consumption (W)

Active (W) Standby (W)

ESTIMATION OF STANDBY POWER LOSSESESTIMATION OF STANDBY POWER LOSSES

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0

1

2

3

4

5

Portable Stereo

Battery Charger

Microwave Oven

Computer

Video Game

Television

Average Standby power (W) 1-W compliant standby power (W)

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POTENTIAL FOR ENERGY SAVINGPOTENTIAL FOR ENERGY SAVING

STANDBYSTANDBYPOWERPOWERLOSSESLOSSES OPTIONS TO REDUCE STANDBY POWER USE

1. Involves better consumerawareness and education onstandby energy consumption

• Conduct information andmotivation campaigns

• Not easy and practical

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STANDBYSTANDBYPOWERPOWERLOSSESLOSSES OPTIONS TO REDUCE STANDBY POWER USE

Re-designing appliance circuits can reducestandby power consumption up to 90%.

• Sleep modes

• Programming option for switching off

• “Energy Star” label of US EPA

• Technologies: on-off, standby, networked

2. Reduce standby power consumptionin most appliances by adoptingtechnological innovationsIntroduction

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Switching power supply of Sharp Corporation :• standby power loss ?? 0.3 W for office equipment• senses whether the equipment is in operation or in standby

state,• automatically reduces switching frequency when on standby.

Compact 0.25 W power supply of Bias Power Technology:• provides a constant AC/DC power source for various types

of appliances, including battery chargers.

New Generation Energy Efficient PowerSupplies

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Reduction in the Standby Power ofHome Appliances: An Example of VCR

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Stan

dby

powe

r co

nsum

ption

(W)

1991 1998 2000

In Japan, a typical VCR remains in standby mode duringapproximately 96% of the day.

7.5

2.6

1.24

• Switching the voltage for circuitsdirectly to a low DC voltage

• Controlling the electronic switch

• Power controlintegrated circuit(IC)

Source: Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association


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POLICIES TO CURTAIL STANDBY POWERPOLICIES TO CURTAIL STANDBY POWER

1. Standards

2. Voluntary Approaches

3. Labelling

4. Other Complementing Policies


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1. Energy efficiency standards

Worldwide procedures and regulations to defineperformance of energy intensive products

• Prescriptive standard,• Minimum energy performance standard,• Class-average standard


• Established in March 1999 under Japan’sframework legislation on energy efficiency

• Energy efficiency targets for 11 differentproducts - current performance level of theappliance with the highest energy efficiency:

Energy efficiency of VCRs to be improved by 59% by2003, and those of computers and magnetic disk

units by 83% and 78%, respectively, by 2005.

Source: Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), Japan.

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Japanese Initiatives to Reduce StandbyPower through the “Top Runner” Programme


Depending on the product category, the targetperiod ranges from 4 to 12 years

• Technological progress & environment regulationstaken into account while setting standards.

• Labelling scheme planned for household electricalappliances -- refrigerators/ freezers, airconditioners, television and fluorescent lamps.

Source: Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), Japan.

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Japanese Initiatives to Reduce StandbyPower through the “Top Runner” Programme


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2. Voluntary Approaches

• Informal agreements without any legalbindings

• Negotiated instruments with penaltiesimposed in the case of non-compliance ofagreed targets


Energy-saving office equipment and homeelectronics programme launched in April 1999:

• encourage manufacturers to produce and sell energysaving products meeting standards set by Government.

computers, monitors, printers, fax machines, copiers,scanners, multifunction devices, televisions, video

cassette recorders, home audio products, microwaveovens, and battery chargers.

Source: KEMCO, KEMCO’s program to reduce standby power in electricalequipment on the Korea Market, 2001.1

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Voluntary Agreement to Reduce Standby Powerof Electrical Equipment in Korean Market


• promoting products that qualify for the standardset by MOCIE & KEMCO to reduce the standbyelectric power

38 manufacturers in the programme by 1999 and 656models met the standard set to save standby powerlosses. Four million energy-saving products (43% ofmarket share) sold, saving 2184 GWh of electricity.

Source: KEMCO, KEMCO’s program to reduce standby power in electricalequipment on the Korea Market, 2001.1

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Voluntary Agreement to Reduce Standby Powerof Electrical Equipment in Korean Market


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3. Energy-efficiency Labelling

• Comparative labels: allow consumers tocompare performance among similar products

• Information-only labels: provide data on aproduct’s performance

• Appliance labelling: provide an effective wayto monitor the market and compileinformation on market transformation


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•Launched in 1992 - initially aimed at computers, monitorsand printers.

•Expanded to cover over 30 consumer product categories

•Evaluation criteria: potential to improve unit energysavings, size of the stock, turnover rates, industrialacceptance, & product visibility with consumers.

Source: US EPA (web-site: http://www.epa.gov/nrgystar); LBNL (web-site:http://enduse.lbl.gov/Estar.html)

The Energy Star Program Transforming Markets for Energy Efficiency Products


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80% of computers, 95% of monitors, and 99% ofprinters sold in the USA are Energy Star compliant.

Televisions, VCRs, home audio and DVD products usingEnergy Star logo consume up to 75% less energy than

conventional models when switched off.

•Development of Energy Star specifications much simplerby adopting the reference efficiency levels for someEnergy Star products.

Source: US EPA (web-site: http://www.epa.gov/nrgystar); LBNL (web-site:http://enduse.lbl.gov/Estar.html)

The Energy Star Program Transforming Markets for Energy Efficiency Products


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4. Other Complementing Policies

• Market transformation initiatives,

• Technology procurement programmes,introduction of economic instruments,

• Awareness campaigns, database development, etc

STANDBYSTANDBYPOWERPOWERLOSSESLOSSES FUTURE DIRECTIONSFUTURE DIRECTIONS

International voluntary programme:

• avoid proliferation of labels and labelling schemeslaunched by individual countriesIntroduction

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EU

Australia

Korea

Japan

HongKongUSA


• aim at decreasing standby power consumption at a muchlower cost than that invested in power plantsIntroduction

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Policy makers and stakeholders should:

Inve

stmen

t

Reduction of power shortage

Sta

ndby

pow

er


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• develop guidelines for existing and new products, andenhance voluntary agreements with the industry

Standby loss


• Initiate R&D activities to explore new techno-economicsolutions and reduce standby power useIntroduction

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• Revise existing energy labels of appliances to includeinformation on standby power useIntroduction

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STANDBYSTANDBYPOWERPOWERLOSSESLOSSES STANDBY POWER: NEW PUBLICATIONSTANDBY POWER: NEW PUBLICATION

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STANDBY POWER LOSSES IN HOUSEHOLD ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES … · 2003. 7. 21. · ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES AND OFFICE EQUIPMENT. STANDBY POWER LOSSES ... Direction Standby power consumption