Statistics Canada

THE ETHNIC THE ETHNIC DIVERSITY SURVEYDIVERSITY SURVEY

(EDS)(EDS)

Content and Data Availability

Kelly [email protected]

416-952-1919Statistics Canada

June 21, 2005

Statistics Canada

Statistique Canada

Canadian Heritage

Patrimoine canadien

Outline of presentation

• Overview of the Ethnic Diversity Survey

– objectives

– survey design

– content

• Review of Ethnic Diversity Survey products

• Advice on use of data on the EDS Analytical File

• Description of the EDS Public Use Microdata File

Ethnic Diversity Survey objectives

To provide information on the ethnic and cultural backgrounds of people in Canada and how these backgrounds relate to their lives today

To provide information to better understand how Canadians of different ethnic backgrounds interpret and report their ethnicity

Survey funded jointly by Statistics Canada and the Department of Canadian Heritage

Target population & sample design

Non-Aboriginal individuals aged 15 years and older living in private dwellings in Canada’s ten provinces

57,200 persons selected to be interviewed between April and August 2002

Two-phase stratified sampling design based on responses to the 2001 Census ethnic origin, birthplace & birthplace of parents questions; 15 strata were created

Reference period & data collection

Computer Assisted Telephone interviews April to August 2002

Average length of interview: 35 to 45 minutes

No proxy reporting

42,500 respondents: response rate = 75.6%

Languages of interview

English

French

Mandarin

Cantonese

Italian

Punjabi

Portuguese

Vietnamese

Spanish

Content development

Theoretical framework developed

Balance of content, response burden and manageable costs

Operationalization of concepts into workable questions to be asked of a diverse population

Consultation with Advisory Committees

Focus groups, one-on-one testing, pilot test

Basic demographicsFamily / household compositionEthnic self-definitionReligion, languageFamily background and family InteractionSocial networks and civic participationPerceptions of discriminationSense of belonging, trust and satisfactionSocio-economic activities

Final content of the Ethnic Diversity Survey

Survey themes & questionnaire content

Entry

• Age, sex, marital status• Family / household composition

Ethnic self-definition

• Ethnic ancestry• Ethnic identity• Importance of ancestries and identities

Survey themes and content (continued)

Respondent background

• Birthplace

• Citizenship

• Year of immigration

• Other countries lived in

• Visible minority status

• Religion: importance of, participation


Knowledge & use of languages

• First language: understood & spoken

• Knowledge of languages

• Home languages

• Languages used with friends

• Languages used with family to age 15

• Languages used at work


Family background

• Ethnicity, first language, highest level of schooling and religion of mother and father

• Birthplace of parents and grandparents

• Ethno-cultural, immigration, language, education and religion data for spouse

• Language data for child aged 3 or older


Family Interaction

• Frequency of contact with family living in Canada

• Frequency of contact with family living in parents’ & grandparents’ birthplaces and in other countries

• Visits to country of birth & parents’ & grandparents countries of birth


Social Networks

• Friends in ethnic group, up until respondent was age 15 and now

– For 2 highest rated ancestry groups other than “Canadian”

• Importance of carrying on customs and traditions

– For 2 highest rate ancestry groups other than “Canadian” ranked a 4 or 5 in importance in ID module


Civic Participation

• Participation in groups or organizations in the past 12 months (ethnic and other types)

• Frequency of participation (for 3 groups)

• Ethnicity of co-members (for 3 groups)

– For 2 highest rated ancestry groups other than “Canadian” ranked a 4 or 5 in importance in ID module

• Volunteering (for 3 groups)

• Voting in federal, provincial & municipal elections


Interaction with Society

• Feeling uncomfortable because of ethnicity, culture, race, language, religion: up until the age of 15 and now

• Discrimination or unfair treatment in the past 5 years as a result of ethno-cultural characteristics: frequency, reason & place

• Hate crime: experience, reason & worry


Attitudes

• Rating of sense of belonging to family, ethnic group, town/ city/ municipality, province, Canada, North America

Trust & Satisfaction

• General life satisfaction

• Trust: general, family, neighbours, people at work or school


Socio-economic activities

• Highest level of schooling, country of schooling & current school attendance

• Labour force questions, occupation, industry & income (personal & household)

• Ethnicity of co-workers– For 2 highest rated ancestry groups other than

“Canadian” ranked a 4 or 5 in importance in ID module

Ethnic Diversity Survey products

Official release in Statistics Canada’s The Daily September 29, 2003

Analytic article: Ethnic Diversity Survey: portrait of a multicultural society

Public Use Microdata File (PUMF)

Custom tabulations

Analytical file at Research Data Centres

Survey documentation

Survey overview and questionnaire:

http://www.statcan.ca/english/sdds/4508.htm

Codebooks with and without frequencies

Users’ Guide (and methodology and data quality documentation)

WesVar Users’ Guide (bootstrap weights)

Research Data Centres (RDCs)

University of British Columbia University of Calgary University of Alberta University of Manitoba University of Western Ontario University of Waterloo University of Toronto Queen's University Carleton Ottawa Outaouais Local

(COOL) RDC Federal Data Access Centre McMaster University University of Montréal University of New Brunswick Dalhousie University

Analytical data file at RDCs

Access granted through application to Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council, available at:

http://www.sshrc.ca/web/apply/program_descriptions/ciss_reseach_data_e.asp

EDS file includes all content from the survey: raw data and derived variables

Includes detailed geographic identifiers

Includes some 2001 Census information

Final content of the Analytical File

Includes data for 42,476 respondents

All content from the survey (raw data in flat file format with SAS and SPSS cards)

Derived variables

Some 2001 Census information (e.g. major field of study, number of rooms in dwelling)

Postal code and other detailed geographic identifiers are present

Survey weights

Each respondent represents a certain number of other people in the population who were not part of the sample

Population weights & bootstrap weights (used to determine coefficients of variation) are included on the Analytical File present in the RDCS

A weight is associated with each respondent and must be used for all estimates and analysis

The use of survey weights is crucial

The sampling ratio differs widely from one strata to another;

The final weight assigned to each respondent underwent numerous adjustments for non-response and post-stratification;

The weighting of data ensure that the EDS sample is representative of the target population;

Without the weights: false / misleading results for most types of analysis.

WesVar software: variance

Used to verify coefficients of variation (cvs)

Can also be used for regression analysis

WesVar reads .ssd, .xpt, .sav, .dat and .txt files

Does not alter the original file, but creates a new one; can be used to view or print output

Tip: include all the variables in the first WesVar file you create - otherwise you will need to repeat later and importing files can be slow

Analysis: Level of geography

Good quality data are generally available at national, regional and provincial levels and for Toronto, Montréal and Vancouver CMAs;

Atlantic provinces are always aggregated;

Counts at the census subdivision and municipality level are generally small and the results of survey estimations will probably be unreliable and/or the results may be unsuitable for publication because of the risk of statistical disclosure.

Analysis: Complexity of data

Some concepts are similar yet distinctly different from one another: ancestry, identity, visible minority status, language, religion, etc.

Multiple response variables: e.g. ethnic ancestry, identity, languages, organizations, etc.

Follow-up questions for some topics:

(a) universe is restricted;

(b) requires link to inserted ethnic ancestry/language/group or organization.

EDS Public Use Microdata File (PUMF)

Extensive list of variables, but not as detailed as the RDC file… reduced detail protects confidentiality.

Flat file format, with SAS and SPSS cards, CV tables.

PUMF sample was 41,695 compared to 42,476 in the analytic file.

Access through the Data Liberation Initiative, free of charge, or, copies may be purchased for $2,140. To purchase a copy contact client services at (613) 951-5979 or by e-mail at [email protected]

EDS PUMF: Selected content geography and ethnic ancestry

Geography:

• Canada• Toronto, Montréal, Vancouver, Other CMAs,

Non-CMAs

Ethnic ancestry:

• 2 “counter” variables• 2 summary variables• 1 detailed variable (in 8 parts), showing 50

ethnic and cultural groupings

EDS PUMF: Selected content ethnic identity, importance of ethnicity

Ethnic identity:

• 2 “counter” variables• 2 summary variables• 1 detailed variable (in 6 parts), showing 27

ethnic and cultural groupings

Importance ratings for ancestry and identity

Flags indicating differences between original responses versus final codes

EDS PUMF: Selected content ethnic salience

Follow-up questions:

• Raw variables for ethnicity of friends now and when growing up

• Raw and derived variables for ethnic customs and traditions

• Raw variables for knowledge of local ethnic associations

• Derived variables for co-participators have same ethnic ancestry or ethnic ancestries (2 summary variables)

Sense of belonging to ethnic group

EDS PUMF: Selected content birthplace and generations

Respondent’s birthplace: 12 specific countries, 7 broader world regions

Birthplace of parents variable shows “Same as” or “Different from” respondent.

1st, 2nd, 3rd plus generation

Period of arrival for 1st generation: before 1991 or between 1991-2001

Age at arrival for 1st generation: 0-5, 6-14, 15-24, 25-44, 45-64, 65+

Complexity of data on RDC file and PUMF: Concepts & multiple responses

Similar yet distinctly different concepts: ancestry, identity, visible minority status, language, religion, etc.

• Determine relevancy to research, carefully select variables

Multiple response variables: e.g. ethnic ancestry, identity, languages, organizations

• Choose summary or detailed variables

• Detailed variables: need to combine data from more than one variable/field and create user-defined “dummy variables”

Complexity of data on RDC file and PUMF: Follow-up questions

Asked of only a select population;

Requires linking to inserted ethnicity (or language or group or organization);

Ethnicity response provided by the respondent may be slightly different from the text name for the ethnic code included on the file (use of flags recommended);

Again, multiple response issue: need to combine data and create user-defined derived variables.

Research potential with the EDS

Unpacking Ethnicity

EDSEDS

Discrimination & Unfair

Treatment

Social Networks

Participation in Society Transnationalism

Transmission of Culture & Language

Social Capital

Socio-economic Status

Other Statistics Canada data sources on ethnic diversity

Main sources:

Census Longitudinal Immigration Data Base (IMDB)Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada

(LSIC)

Other sources:Canadian Community Health SurveySurvey of Labour and Income DynamicsYouth in Transition SurveyAdult Literacy and Lifeskills Survey

Questions?

Analytical File:Contact your local RDC analyst

PUMF:Client Services Social & Aboriginal Statistics [email protected]

Documents

Statistics Canada