What is it?Catalase positive organismsVIPomaWilm's tumorFacultatively intracellular bacteriaIgA protease producersPNH TriadCrew-cut on XrayAbsent thymic shadowAplastic Crisis w/B19 parvo

Acute intermittent porphyriaTTPNaphthaleneCystinuria AA'sMaple syrup urine dzH1 blockers 2nd gen.H1 blockers 1nd gen.short-acting BZDmedium-acting BZDlong-acting BZDNegative Stranded RNA virusesGingival hyperplasia from RxAzathioprine & 6-MP FebuxostatWilson's Dz

"-gliptins""-tides" PTUProtein phosphataseBromocriptine & PergolideMemantine for ADDonepezil, Galantamine, RivastigmineZafirlukast, MontelukastProbenacidLipoteichoic acidLPS/outer membrane/endotoxinglycocaylxSpirochetes

Cephalosporins for Pseudomonas

Gram stain limitsObligate AerobesObligate AnaerobesObligate Intracellular BugsEncapsulated BugsPneumovaxUrease bugsStrep pyogenes exotoxinsGenes for bacterial toxins in lysogenic phageListeria is beta hemolyticType I & II muscle fibersNonsense mutantNematodes acquired thru ingestion Nematodes acquired thru skinDracunculus medinensis - how to acquireTx for Loa Loa and Wuchereria bancroftiTx for EchinococcusTx for neurocysticercosisEnterobius vermicularisTx: Bendazole or pyrantelSx: anal itching

Ascaris lumbricoidesTx: Bendazole or pyrantelMigration thru the tissues produces allergies mediated by… Eosinophils & IgE --> SOB, wheezing, utricaria

Strongyloides stercoralisTx: Ivermectin or albendazlelarva in soil penetrate the skinSx: vomit, diarrhea, anemia

Ancylostoma Duodenale/Necator americanus (hookworms)Tx: bendazoles or pyrantel pamoatelarva penetrate skin Sx: anemia due to sucking bl from intestinal walls

Onchocerca volvulusvector: female balckfly biteTx: Ivermectin (iver = river)Sx: hyperpigmented skin & river blindness

Loa Loavector: deer fly, horse fly, mango flySx: swlling in skin, worm in conjunctivaTx: Diethylcarbamazine

Wuchereria Bancroftivector: female mosquitoeSx: lymphatics blocked --> takes 9mo-1y --> elephantitisTx: Diethylcarbamazine

Toxocara canisvector: foodSx: viceral larva migransTx: albendazole or mebendazole Tx for Strongyloies & OnchocercaDiphyllobothrium, Clonorchis, ParagoniumusSchistosoma MansoniSchistosoma haematobium

Chlamydia pathwayChlamydia A, B, CChlamydia D-KOther tinea3 tests for cryptococcusMucor & rhizorPCPSporothirx TxGiardia characteristicCryptosporidium TxNaegleria fowleriTrypanosoma brucei/gambiense/rhodesiense TxBabesia TxEntameoba TxTrypanosoma cruzi Tx

PolyomavirusPseudostratified column epi in nose/mouthStratified sq epi in nose/mouthKilled Bacterial vaccinesKilled Viral vaccinesSegmented virusesCoxsackievirusRotavirusLeptospirosis SxVDRL false positivesThe organisms not covered by cephalosporinsGanciclovir & ZidovudineTheophyilline MOAStaph toxinsCowdry intranuclear inclusions pic:

SE of Macrolidestransudate sgexudate sgDPC4DCCPyrophosphate analogsFabry'sGaucher'sHurler'sHunter'sNiemann-PickTay-Sach'sKrabbeMetachromatic LeukodystrophyNerve injuryAxonal reactionbacterial meningitis protein levelDrug's eliminated by zero-order kineticsPhase II drug metabolism

Low therapeutic index drugsHemicholiniumVesamincolMetyrosineReserpineBethanochol, Pilocarpine & SuccinylcholineMethacholine mechanismBethanochol PhysostigmineNeostimgminePyridostigmineBenztropineIpratropium & tiotropiumRitodrine & terbutalineSulfa drugsPartial beta agonistsbeta agonistsbeta antagonists - nonselectivebeta antagonists - selective for beta1Nonselective vasodilatory alpha and beta antagonistsDigitalis toxicity txReason why chloramphenicol = gray baby syndromeMegaloblastic anemia RxToxoplasmosis TxGynecomastia drugsHypoT creating drugsClass 1A, B C anti-arry RxSeizure Rx SeAntimuscarinics RxIL-4 & IL-10Fc regionSCID triadIgEBasophilic StipplingTarget cellsReactions that take place in BOTH the cytoplasm & mitoMalate-aspartate shuttle vs. glycerol-3-phosphate shuttlePyruvate Dehydrogenase complex deficiencyRotenoneGluconeogenesis stepsNADPH oxidase is…Heinz bodiesFructose intolerance

AA for grwothAA that are negativeAA that are glucogenicAA in histonesThymineGuanineAA for purine synthesisPhosphodiester bonds btwn nucleotides (3'-5')Hydrogen bonds btwn paried bases --> A & GRifampin Mechanismtypes of RNAOrder of protein synthesistRNAATPase'sFISHSpeed of cells in heart: fastest to slowestHuntington's chromosomeADPKD chromosomeMuscular DystrophyDown's heart defectWilliamsB1 def in alcoholics3 causes of depleted niacin and so diarrhea, dementia, dermAll the uses of vitB6whenever you see sideroblastic anemiaVitA used as TxVitE defRCC triadDysgerminomaChoriocarcinomaYolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumorTeratomaSerous cystadenomaserous cystadenocarcinomaMucinous cystadenomaMucinous cystadenocarcinomaBrennerFibromaGranulosa cell tumorSeminomaYolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumorChoriocarcinomaTeratoma (male)

Embryonal carcinomaRiboflavin defPNH triadBeck's Triad for Cardiac Tamponade

RelevanceCGDassociationsassociationshumoral immunity ineffective Can adhere to respiratory mucusTriaddue to bone marrow expansionlack of T cell responseInfection

SymptomsSymptomsCorelationAA's affected in PCT branched AA due to dec in alpha-ke

Sedatives, antimuscarinic, anti-alphless than 10 hours10-20 hrsdaysMust bring a polymerase - naked can

Increased concentrationInhibits xanthine oxidaseChromosome3rd and 4th generationDPP-4 inhibitorsGLP-1 analogsIs liver toxicActivated by insulinThe PD Rx that vasoconstrict

For goutGPs bugs onlyGNs onlyMediates adherence to foreign objec

Can't see theseO2-dep system to generate ATPFoul smelling, produce gas in tissueCan't make their own ATPQuelling Rxtn, opsonized & cleared Polysach vac w/no conjugated proteinMake ammonium from urea

Need phage to express toxins

Herpes pics:

Leishmania pic:

Aspergillus v. Mucor pics:

The worms that are acquired thru fr

Latex agglutination detects capsula

Watert diarr in AIDS, basophilic clustrapidly fatal meningoencephalitisAfrican sleeping sickness

JC w/PML in HIV & BK

Anthrax, cholera, pertussis, plague

can reassortmentassociated diseasesA reovirus

Syphillis infection misDx

often used together in HIV+ ptsbronchial asthma Rx

<1.012>1.020tumor suppressor genetumor suppressor geneFoscarnet & Alendronate

capacity-limited

LD/ED = bigger is better

Resistance to AchE

contraindicated in anginaused for asthma - beta2

hyperK is worse Px

Cause Hot as hare, dry as bone, red as beet, mad as hatter, urinary retention, hyperthermia, etcInhibitors of Th1the constant region of Ig

activates masts, basophils, eosinophrRNA left overMembrane issue

ATP production w/NADH/FADSx: neuro defects in infancyInhibits complex1 of ETC

…membrane bound!from oxidative damage in G6PD-defdef aldolase B

TB med (1 of 4)

75-90bpUse ATPFluorescence in situ hybridization

Wet beribert: HIGH OUTPUT heart failure

it means you can't make the porphoryn of heme of Hemoglobin

hematuria, flank pain & palpable mass in abdomenhCG, LDHhCGAFPaka mature desmoid cyst

PLAPAFPhCGhCG/AFP

hCG w/norm AFP, or inc AFP when mixed

Hemolytic anemia, pro-thrombotic state (hepatic vein), decreased blood countsHypotension, distended neck veins, muffled heart sounds

PneumonicPLACESSWDHAWAGRSome Nasty Bugs May Live FacultativeLYSHiN

5 P'sPentadAnaline Dyes & moth ballsCOLAI love vermont maple syrupLor, Fex, Des, Cet1st gen of K Hydes their Diamonds (2) & Promote ConspiracyTAO- Mansion

Always bring polymerase or fail replicationPVC on gums

In February, I was snowed in and couldn't find allopurinolMr. Wilson was unlucky on Denis the menaceDime & PimeLike Poppy Liptin!

P-U your liver stinks

These will raise your BP

Done Galavanting thru the Riva once I got ADThe LKTs auditioned for the "kast" but failed

Lipoteichoic acid lights on fire

Adhere's to things from another "galaxy"BLT

My mema got AD and now I have to block her bank acct at NMDA

Pisses out uric acid & prevents PCN from clearing

These Rascals May Microscopically Lack ColorNagging Pest Must BreathABCReally ColdSHiN SKiS

Polysach vac w/no conjugated proteinChuck norris hates PUNKSSOA was full of pyogenesABCDEB is for BabiesFirst you eat tasty red meat and then be healthy w/white meatIt's nonsense that we have a substitute todayEATThese get in your feet when walking in SANdDracula drinks your bloodWitch crafted a spell on Ethyl called Loa LoaEcho can hear the dog & echos tx of roundworms & echos in liverBending over b/c your brain hurts

+ the one in FA w/it inside the mac

The Strong Oncho needed some IvermectinI'll Di Cloning the Parachute

Elementary body is Enfectious & Enters cell via EndocytosisAfrica, Blindness, ChronicEverything elseAre so abundant that they don't need to be dimorphicIndia inkForm a "core" thru bl vessels and into brainPCP was how AIDS was first discoveredPlant a rose in a POTThe fact that I got Fat eating G chocolate is HUMORous Nitia was a cryptic personNalgene bottle water filled w/freshwaterIt's SURe nice to fall asleep w/ MELAtoninAAB…Do you have EH? I..oh..don't knowThat sure was a Nifty kiss

Junky Cerebrum & Bad kidney

You wouldn't want to get any of these by accident!RIP-AlwaysBOARAHHM (ahhhhm these cox are good)Santelia is lactose intolerant & had rota when youngWhen I was in Haiwaii, I got urine in my eyes, they itched and turned yellow, I got jaundice from it and photophobia + fluVDRLLAME

Theo was at war w/acetylcholinesteraseThe same type of toxin (superantigen) can cause food poison & TSCryptosporidium w/basophilic clusters: see pic below

MACRO

DPC4DCC

Angiokeratoma (granuloma w/ceramide), cardiac/renal, painful neuropathyMacrophages w/tissue paper, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, severe bone painGargoylism, corneal clouding, hepatosplenomegaly, development delaySee above w/o corneal cloudingHepatosplenomegaly, cherr-red spot macula, foam cells, progressive neurodegenerationCherry spot + progressive neurodegenerationOptic atrophy + progressive neurodegenerationMuscle wasting, dementia, ataxia shrinkage of cell body, pyknosis of nuc, loss of nissl, nucleolus disappears, eosinophilic cytoenlarged cell body, eccentric nuc, enlarged nucleolus, dispersed nissl typically >100; but w/aseptic M = <100 PEA looks like a zeroGAS

DWIT of drugs that cuase bad Sesstops 'half' of the Ach (choline) reuptake by neuronstops vesicleMet tyrosine half way and stopped tyrosin from changingReserves dopamine for later pleasurable uses

Phyxes atropine OD

Get's 'rid' of myasthenia gravisPark my BenzI pray I can breath again soon

PAPA-terol'Please Try Not being PickyBEAMCLKLAM

Have a blast with PMS

Some Drugs Create Awkward KnockersLASDouble Quarter pouder, Lettuce Tomatoe Mayo, More Fries, PleaseI BITE Mouth

Cause Hot as hare, dry as bone, red as beet, mad as hatter, urinary retention, hyperthermia, etcAt 4 and 10 yo you were inhibited form getting a dogAll C's for…

B/c we don't need a lot of helminthsbaste the TAiLHALTHUGs take 2Malate Makes more for heart and liver NOT MuscleE1 alpha was born without energy

Pathway Produces Fresh Glucose

Heinz bodies are oxidized Hemoglobin that’s precipitated in RBCYou have apple juice in ur skin, all this sugar but can't make it!

stimulates Muscarinic R'sfor Bowel & Bladder

Reverses Neuromuscluar junction blockade

I don’t wanna get Rit of this TurdPopular FACTSSS

These drugs have Toxic names

It's Right to be No.1

Arg His is growing!Aspartic acid & Glutamic acidGlucose Met His ValLA makes HistoryThymine has a methylGuam holds the keyGAG

R's: RNA polymerase-I, Revs up P450, Red/orange body fluids, Rapid Resistance if used solorampant, massive, tinyopposite alphabeticalCan Carry Amino acids

Fish swim around to look for parts of crhomosomesPark At Ventura AveHunting 4 foodSwitch P and L in Poly and rotate P=Captain Dystrophin threw his anchor overboardDown's was the first genetic dz you knew aboutWilliam keeps his smile lastin'

Wet beribert: HIGH OUTPUT heart failure

it means you can't make the porphoryn of heme of HemoglobinM-words…E for Erythrocyte

hematuria, flank pain & palpable mass in abdomen

calcifictations in the pelvic region seen on XRAY

hCG w/norm AFP, or inc AFP when mixedThe 2C's of B2

Hemolytic anemia, pro-thrombotic state (hepatic vein), decreased blood countsHypotension, distended neck veins, muffled heart sounds

What it stands forPseudomonas, listeria, aspergillus, candida, e. coli, serratia, staph aureus watery diarrhea, hypoK, achlorhydria Wilm's, anniridia, genitourinary malformation, mental retardaion Salmonella, Neisseria, Brucella, Mycobacteria, Listeria, Francisella, Legionella, YersiniaStrep pneumo, H-flu, Neisseria Hemolytic anemia, venous thrombosis, pancytopeniaThalasemia (beta major), sickle cell anemiaDiGeorge's, SCID (combined T&B cell def.)Sickle cell anemia, spherocytosis, beta thalassemia

Painful ab, portwine colored urine on standing, polyneuropathy, psychological issues, precipitated by Rx - PhenobarbitalFever, Thrombocytopenia, Microangiopathic Hemolytic anemia (shistocytes), renal Sx, CNS abnormalities (headache)Transitional cell carcinoma of uroepithelium & howel-jowel bodies in blood (nuclear remanent)cysteine, ornithine, lysine, arginineIle, Leu, ValLoratadine, Fexofenadine, Desloratadine, CetirizineHydroxyzine, Diphenhydramine, Dimenhydrinate, Promethazine, ChlorpheniramineTriazolam, Alprazolam, Oxazepam, MidazolamLorenzapam, Estazolam, TemezapamChlordiazeproxide, Clorazepate, Diazepam, Flurazepam Arena, Bunya, Paramyovirus, Ortho, Filo, RhabdoPhenytoin, Verapamil, Cyclosporine (the immuno drug)Xanthine Oxididase inhibits their degradation Use Febuxostat instead of allopurinol Chromsome 13 w/ATP7B mutant

Prevent breakdown of GLP-1, inc insulin and dec glucagon; SE: urinary/respiratory infectionsIncrease insulin, dec glucagon; SE: nausea, diarrhea, pancreatitis

dephos glycogen synthase = glyco syn; dephos F1,6BPase = stops gluconeogenesisBromo & Pergolide, the ergot'sMemantine blocks NMDA R; prevents excitotoxicity; SE: dizzy, hallucinations, confusionAchetylcholinesterase inhibitors for AD; SE: nausea, dizzy, insomnia Rx that block LTC4, D4 & E4 for asthma control; esp good for aspirin-induced asthma blocks uric acid reabs in the PCTInduces TNF and IL-1Lipid A induces TNF & IL-1; O polysaccharide is the antigen determinator Made of polysaccharideBorrelia (Giemsa), Leptospira, Treponema

Ceftazidime & Cefepime

Treponema, Rick, Mycoplasma, Mycobacteria, Legionella, Chlamydia Nocardia, Pseudomonas, Mycobacteria, Bacillus Actinomyces, Bacteroides, Clostridium - all lack catalase and/or superoxide dismutaseRickettsia & Chlamydia Strep pneumo, H-flu, Neisseria men, Salmonella, Klebsiella, Group B Strep Prevnar is the one that is conjugated; other inc: H-flu & meningitis Crypto, H pylori, proteus, ureaplasma, nocardia, klebsiella, staph epi, staph saprophyticusstreptolysin O (degrades cell mem, lyses RBCs), Exotoxin A (superAg = shock via IFN-gamma & IL2)ShigA-like toxin, Botulinum, Cholera, Diptheria, Erythrogenic toxin of strep pyogenes Beta hemolysis listeriatype I is slow, aerobic, lots of mito, lots of myoglobulin, less glycogen fibers; Iib: fast w/glycogenlysis followed by glycolysis; Iia: fast-twitch fibersNonesense mutants are caused by substitions while frameshifts are from deletions not 3Enterobius, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichinella (pig)Strongyloides, Ancylostoma, NecatorAcquire from drinking water; extract via taking out slowly from skin ulcerThe tX for both nematodes is EiethylcarbamazineTx is "-bendazoles" and the vector is ingestion of eggs from sheep dog feces Taenia solium causes cysticercosis & neuro --> use "-bendazoles" for the latter (praz for former)

Ivermectin is used for Strongyloides & OnchocercaDi is thru raw freshwater fish (larvae), Clone is from undercooked fish, Para is from undercooked crab meatMansoni is like a mansion created in your liver & spleen w/granulomas, fibrosis & pipestream perioportal fibrosisMansoni also is a man and has a Dee --> see picture of egg

Vs. Reticulate body that replicates by fission Chronic infection types, can cause blindness from follicular conjunctivitis in AfricaUrethritis, neonate pneumonia & conjunctivitis Just appear in mold formMucicarmine stain (also silver stain)prolif in bl vessel, to cribiform plate, form frontal lobe abscess; biopsy for dx in diabeticsSo it's the FIRST thing to prophylax for when Tcell <200; use bactrim for P

Flatulence w/foul-smelling, fatty diarrhea; host response is HUMORAL (B cell mediated) - w/IgA

acquire thru swimming in freshH20; see amoebas in SC that entered thru cribiform plateSuramin for bl bourne dz and Melarsoprol for CNS penetrationAtovaquone + Azithromycin for Babesia Metronidazole but also IODOquinol

Has a long incubation period also like RABIES - weeks to months b/c Sx onset

Potassium iodide or itraconazole

Nitazoxanide in immunocompetent hosts

it's the kissing bug (painless) that tx w/ Nifurtimox

BK in transplant pts causes nephritis, urethral stenosis & hemorrhagic cystits (BM trans.)nose, paranasal sinuses, nasophaynx, tracheobrachial tree, laryngeal vestibule, false cordorophaynx, laryngopharynx, anterior epiglottis, upper 1/2 posterior epiglottis, true cordsanthrax, whooping cough, plague & cholera can all be life threatening if reactivatedRabies, Influenza A (injection), Polio (Salk w/K for killed), HAVBunya, Ortho, Areana, Reoaseptic meningitis, herpangina (mouth ulcers), hand, foot mouth dz, myocarditis, DCMRotavirus wipes out intestinal villi resulting in dec Na+ and K+ absorption

When I was in Haiwaii, I got urine in my eyes, they itched and turned yellow, I got jaundice from it and photophobia + fluviruses (mono, hepatitis), drugs, rheumatic fever, lupus & leprosyListeria, Atypicals (mycoplasma, chlamydia), MRSA, Enterococci; exception: Ceftaroline covers MRSABoth cause neutropenia and anemia, and can precipitate this result in AIDS ptsTheo inhibits esterase in order to increase cAMP and cause sm musc relaxation in bronchiolesenterotoxin causes food poisoning & TSST that stimulates cytokines --> toxic shock Krabbe's Dz w/globoid cells in brain (multinucleated giant cells of fused microglia) - pic here:

motility issues, arry (prolong QT), acute cholestatic hepatitis, rash, eOsinOphilia

deleted in pancreatic cancerdeleted in colon CAF is used in CMV Tx & A is used in osteoporosis Tx & Paget'sb/c inhibits osteoclast activity

Angiokeratoma (granuloma w/ceramide), cardiac/renal, painful neuropathyMacrophages w/tissue paper, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, severe bone painGargoylism, corneal clouding, hepatosplenomegaly, development delay

Hepatosplenomegaly, cherr-red spot macula, foam cells, progressive neurodegeneration"startles w/loud noise, can no longer sit or rolls over, regression of motor skills by 1yo"

shrinkage of cell body, pyknosis of nuc, loss of nissl, nucleolus disappears, eosinophilic cytoenlarged cell body, eccentric nuc, enlarged nucleolus, dispersed nissl

Phenytoin, ethanol, aspirin Glucuronidation, Acetylation, Sulfation

dig, warfarin, lithium, theophylline (cardio & neurotoxic, blocks adenosine)Choline is reuptaken and combined with acetyl CoA = AchPrevents Ach from forming and entering into 'vessicle'Prevents tyrosine hydrolase that converts tyrosine to DOPAReserpine stops dopamine hydrolase (beta) which converts dopamine to NE & packages in vessicle

M3acts on M3For anticholinergic toxicity --> can X BBB to fix atropine OD there too, unlike other RxAlso for postop & neurogenic ileus, urinary retention, Myasthenia gravislong-acting, doesn't penetrate CNSused for PD to dec ACH activityCOPD & asthma act on beta2 and cause tocolysis, or dec in premature uterine contractions Probenacid, Furosemide, Acetazolamide, Celecoxib, Thiazides, sulfonamide Abs, sulfasalazine, sulfonylureasPartial beta Agonists = Pindolol & Acebutololalbuterol, metaproterenol (short-actors), salmeterol (long-acting)Propanolol, Timolol, Nadolol, PindololBextaxolol, Esmolol (short-acting), Atenolol, MetoprololCarvedilol, LabetalolNormalize K, Lidocaine, anti-dig Fab fragments, Mg++lack UDP-glucuronyl transferase needed to eliminate Rx thru glucuronidate Phenytoin, Methotrexate, Sulfa drugs (probably trimethoprim too for tx toxo)TriMETHoprime, and SULFadazineSpironolactone, Digitalis, Cimetidine, chronic Alcohol use, KetoconazoleLi, Amiodarone, sulfonamidesDisopyrimide, Quinidine, Procainadmie, Lidocaine, Tocainide, Mexiletine, Flecainide, Propafenone, MoricizineISN, Bupropion, Imipenem/cilastin, Tramadol, Enflurane, MetoclopramideAtropine, TCAs, H1-blockers, neurolepticsfrom Th2 that inhibits Th1Constant, Carboxy terminal, complement bind at CH2 (only G&M), Carbohydrate side chainrecurrent infections, failure to thrive, diarrheameaning that it’s the lowest concentration in the serum Thalassemia, Anemia of chronic dz, Lead poisoningHbC, Asplenia, Liver dz, ThalassemiaHeme synthesis (first and last steps), Urea cycle (first), Gluconeogenesis (first step also)Malate makes 32 ATP in heart and liver & Glycerol shuttle makes 30ATP for muscleX-linked defect for E1alpha subunit of PDC; Tx: inc ketogenic nutrients like high fat content or inc Lysine & Leucinecaues dec proteon gradient & therefore a block of protein synthesis Pyruvate carboxylase (mito), PEP carboxykinase (cyto), F16BPase (cyto), Glucose-6-phosphatase (ER - def in Von Gierke's)

Sx: phosphate depletion results in dec glycogenolysis & dec gluconeogenes = hypoG, jaundice (apple juice), cirrhosis, vomiting

Arginine & HistineAspartate & GlutamateMet, His, ValLysine & Arginine

Guanine has a ketoneGlutamine + Aspartate + Glycine (the 2 acidic ones plus a neutral one)

R's: RNA polymerase-I, Revs up P450, Red/orange body fluids, Rapid Resistance if used solorRNA is most abundant, mRNA is longest type, tRNA is the smallestProtein is synthesized from the N-terminus to C-terminusCCA region on 3' end holds amino acid via ATP and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase CFTR & Axonemal dynein (mutated in CF and Kartagener's respectively)senses microdeletion --> don't light up if deleted; more detailed than karyotype analysisPurkinjes, Atria, Ventricles, AV nodeChromosome 4Chromosome 16Dystrophin anchors muscle fibers in skeletal & cardiac musc.ASD of ostium primum type; also if due to robertsonian translocation, it's unbalanced!Deletion region includes elastin (MCC death: heart issue), friendly, verbal, elfin, hyperCa, intellectual disability

Hartnup dz (dec trypt abs), carcinoid tumor (inc tryp use), INH (dec B6 needed for making Niacin)transaminase, decarboxylase, glycogen phosphorylase, making cystathionine, heme, niacin, histamine, GABA, serotonin, NE, Epi

Def causes hemolytic anemia due to increased fragility of RBC membrane

malig, seminoma equiv, sheets of uniform cells, Turner'smalig trophoblastic tissue, no chorionic vili, theca-lutein cysts, hem spread to lungssacrococcygeal region, aggressive, Schiller-Duval bodies (~glomeruli)benign (mature, dermoid cyst, 2-3 germ), immautre - aggressive/malignant/neuroectoderm), Stuma ovarii = thryoid = hyperthyroidismbilateral, fallopian-tube-like epithelium, benignbilateral, malignant, psamomma bodiesmultilocular cyst lined by mucus-secreting epi; intestine-like tissue, benignmalig, pseusomyxoma peritonei = mucinous accum in peritoneum from appendix or ovarian mucinous tumor, "jelly belly"coffee bean nuclei, encapsulated yellow-tan, looks like bladder, benign & unilateralspindle-shaped fibroblasts, Meig's syndrome: ovarian fibroma, pleural effusion (hydrothorax), asceitessecretes estrogen (percocious puberty), hyperplasia in adults, call-exner bodies (follicles w/eosinophilic secretions)Dysgerminoma equivalent, homogenous, MC, 15-35, fired egg, radiosensitive & good PxYellow, mucinous, primitive glomeruli (schiller-duval)*see above; gynecomastia b/c hCG is an LH analog mature teratoma in males is often malignant, children is benign

AML (M3) & Measles

painful, malig, glandular/papillary morph, usu mixed w/other tumor types, hem/necrotic = fast growing & maligCheilosis & Corneal vascularization (older person w/cracking corners of lips)deficiency in CD55 & CD59 is diagnostic

Notes

Painful ab, portwine colored urine on standing, polyneuropathy, psychological issues, precipitated by Rx - PhenobarbitalFever, Thrombocytopenia, Microangiopathic Hemolytic anemia (shistocytes), renal Sx, CNS abnormalities (headache)

Other ones that can't replicate as naked strands: HBV, Pox

streptolysin O (degrades cell mem, lyses RBCs), Exotoxin A (superAg = shock via IFN-gamma & IL2)

type I is slow, aerobic, lots of mito, lots of myoglobulin, less glycogen fibers; Iib: fast w/glycogenlysis followed by glycolysis; Iia: fast-twitch fibers

Di is thru raw freshwater fish (larvae), Clone is from undercooked fish, Para is from undercooked crab meatMansoni is like a mansion created in your liver & spleen w/granulomas, fibrosis & pipestream perioportal fibrosis

Mucor & Aspergillus also only appear as mold form

Stains acid fast

Sx: enlarged LNs, recurring fever, somnolence, coma; Tsete fly w/PAINFUL biteDoxy or ceftriaxone for Lyme

a/w Weils: jaundice, azotemia from liver & kid dysfunction, fever, hemorrhage, anemia

Listeria, Atypicals (mycoplasma, chlamydia), MRSA, Enterococci; exception: Ceftaroline covers MRSA

first-order is flow-limitedHowever, geriatric patients lose phase I first

Reserpine stops dopamine hydrolase (beta) which converts dopamine to NE & packages in vessicle

Probenacid, Furosemide, Acetazolamide, Celecoxib, Thiazides, sulfonamide Abs, sulfasalazine, sulfonylureas

Disopyrimide, Quinidine, Procainadmie, Lidocaine, Tocainide, Mexiletine, Flecainide, Propafenone, Moricizine

while IFN-gamma from Th1 inhibits Th2determines isotype vs Fab region that determines idiotype

Pb poisoning in the background of hypochromactic microcytic anemia w/ab pain, food drop & constipation

X-linked defect for E1alpha subunit of PDC; Tx: inc ketogenic nutrients like high fat content or inc Lysine & LeucineBarbituate OD also inhibits complex 1

Pyruvate carboxylase (mito), PEP carboxykinase (cyto), F16BPase (cyto), Glucose-6-phosphatase (ER - def in Von Gierke's)

Sx: phosphate depletion results in dec glycogenolysis & dec gluconeogenes = hypoG, jaundice (apple juice), cirrhosis, vomiting

Also requires THF

Deletion region includes elastin (MCC death: heart issue), friendly, verbal, elfin, hyperCa, intellectual disability

transaminase, decarboxylase, glycogen phosphorylase, making cystathionine, heme, niacin, histamine, GABA, serotonin, NE, Epi

def also causes musc weakness, post column and spinocerebellar tract damage

benign (mature, dermoid cyst, 2-3 germ), immautre - aggressive/malignant/neuroectoderm), Stuma ovarii = thryoid = hyperthyroidism

a/w BRCA1/2, HNPCC = family Hx is most important risk factor

malig, pseusomyxoma peritonei = mucinous accum in peritoneum from appendix or ovarian mucinous tumor, "jelly belly"

spindle-shaped fibroblasts, Meig's syndrome: ovarian fibroma, pleural effusion (hydrothorax), asceitessecretes estrogen (percocious puberty), hyperplasia in adults, call-exner bodies (follicles w/eosinophilic secretions)

painful, malig, glandular/papillary morph, usu mixed w/other tumor types, hem/necrotic = fast growing & malig

Pb poisoning in the background of hypochromactic microcytic anemia w/ab pain, food drop & constipation