Step2 Eponyms Notes Addison’s Disease· primary adrenocortical deficiencyAddisonian Anemia· pernicious anemia (antibodies to intrinsic factor or parietal cells ®¯IF ®¯Vit B12 ® megaloblastic anemia)Albright’s Syndrome Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy· polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, café au lait spots, short stature, young girls pseudohypoparathyroidism.Alport’s Syndrome· hereditary nephritis with nerve deafnessAlzheimer’s· progressive dementia The loss, usually progressive, of cognitive and intellectual functions, without impairment of perception or consciousness; caused by a variety of disorders, most commonly structural brain disease. Characterized by disorientation, impaired memory, judgment, and intellect, and a shallow labile affect.Argyll-Robertson Pupil· loss of light reflex constriction (contralateral or bilateral)· “Prostitute’s Eye” - accommodates but does not react· Pathognomonic for 3°SyphilisArnold-Chiari Malformation· cerebellar tonsil herniationBarrett’s· columnar metaplasia of lower esophagus (* risk of adenocarcinoma)Bartter’s Syndrome· hyperreninemia primary juxtaglomerular cell hyperplasia with secondary hyperaldosteronism, RECESSIVEBecker’s Muscular Dystrophy· similar to Duchenne, but less severe (deficiency in dystrophin protein)Bell’s Palsy· CNVII palsy (entire face; recall that UMN lesion only affects lower face)Berger’s Disease· IgA nephropathyBernard-Soulier Disease· defect in platelet adhesion (abnormally large platelets & lack of platelet-surface glycoprotein)Berry Aneurysm· circle of Willis (subarachnoid bleed)· often associated with ADPKDBowen’s Disease· carcinoma in situ on shaft of penis (* risk of visceral ca)Briquet’s Syndrome· somatization disorder· psychological: multiple physical complaints without physical pathologyBroca’s Aphasia· Motor Aphasia intact comprehensionBrown-Sequard· hemisection of cord (contralateral loss of pain & temp / ipsilateral loss of fine touch, UMN)Bruton’s Disease· X-linked agammaglobinemiaBudd-Chiari· post-hepatic venous thrombosisBuerger’s Disease

· acute inflammation of small, medium arteries ® painful ischemia ® gangreneBurkitt’s Lymphoma· small noncleaved cell lymphoma EBV·8:14 translocationCaisson Disease· gas emboliChagas’ Disease· Trypansoma infection sleeping disease, cardiomegaly with apical atrophy, achlasiaChediak-Higashi Disease· Phagocyte Deficiency: neutropenia, albinism, cranial & peripheral neuropathy· repeated infectionsConn’s Syndrome· primary aldosteronism Cori’s Disease· glycogen storage disease (debranching enzyme deficiency)Creutzfeldt-Jakob· prion infection ® cerebellar & cerebral degenerationCrigler-Najjar Syndrome·congenital hyperbilirubinemia (unconjugated)·glucuronyl transferase deficiencyCrohn’s·IBD; ileocecum, transmural, skip lesions, lymphocytic infiltrate, granulomas(contrast to UC: limited to colon, mucosa & submucosa, crypt abscesses, pseudopolyps, * colon cancer risk)Curling’s Ulcer· acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burnsCushing’s· Disease: hypercorticism 2° to * ACTH from pituitary (basophilic adenoma)· Syndrome: hypercorticism of all other causes (1° adrenal or ectopic)Cushing’s Ulcer· acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS traumade Quervain’s Thyroiditis· self-limiting focal destruction (subacute thyroiditis) thyroiditis with round cell (usually lymphocytes) infiltration, destruction of thyroid cells, epithelial giant cell proliferation, and evidence of regenerationDiGeorge’s Syndrome· thymic hypoplasia ® T-cell deficiency· hypoparathyroidismDown’s Syndrome· trisomy 21 or translocationmental retardation, retarded growth, flat hypoplastic face with short nose, prominent epicanthic skin folds, small low-set ears with prominent antihelix, fissured and thickened tongue, laxness of joint ligaments, pelvic dysplasia, broad hands and feet, stubby fingers, and transverse palmar crease. Lenticular opacities & heart disease are common. The incidence of leukemia is increased and Alzheimer's disease is almost inevitable by age 40.Dressler’s Syndrome·Post-MI Fibrinous Pericarditis autoimmuneDubin-Johnson Syndrome· congenital hyperbilirubinemia (conjugated)· striking brown-to-black discoloration of the liverDuchenne Muscular Dystrophy· deficiency of dystrophin protein ® MD X-linked recessiveEdwards’ Syndrome· trisomy 18 (fatal within two to three years)· rocker-bottom feet, low ears, heart disease, m. diverticulum

Ehler’s-Danlos· defective collagenoverelasticity and friability of the skin, hypermobility of the joints, and fragility of the cutaneous blood vessels and sometimes large arteries, due to deficient quality or quantity of collagen; the most common is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait;Eisenmenger’s Complex· late cyanotic shunt (R®L) pulmonary HTN & RVH 2° to long-standing VSD, ASD, or PDAErb-Duchenne Palsy· trauma to superior trunk of brachial plexus Waiter’s TipEwing Sarcoma· undifferentiated round cell tumor of boneEyrthroplasia of Queyrat· carcinoma in situ on glans penisFanconi’s Syndrome· impaired proximal tubular reabsorption 2° to lead poisoning or Tetracycline (glycosuria, hyperphosphaturia, aminoaciduria, systemic acidosis)Felty’s Syndrome· rheumatoid arthritis, neutropenia, splenomegalyGardner’s Syndrome· adenomatous polyps of colon plus osteomas & soft tissue tumorsGaucher’s Disease· Lysosomal Storage Disease glucocerebrosidase deficiency· hepatosplenomegaly, femoral head & long bone erosion, anemiaGilbert’s Syndrome· benign congenital hyperbilirubinemia (unconjugated)Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia· defective glycoproteins on plateletsGoodpasture’s· autoimmune: ab’s to glomerular & alveolar basement membranesGrave’s Disease· autoimmune hyperthyroidism (TSI)Guillain-Barre· idiopathic polyneuritis (ascending muscle weakness & paralysis; usually self-limiting)Hamman-Rich Syndrome· idiopathic pulmonary fibrosisHand-Schuller-Christian· chronic progressive histiocytosisHashimoto’s Thyroiditis· autoimmune hypothyroidismHashitoxicosis· initial hyperthyroidism in Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis that precedes hypothyroidismHenoch-Schonlein purpura· hypersensivity vasculitis· hemmorhagic urticaria (with fever, arthralgias, GI & renal involvement)· associated with upper respiratory infectionsHirschprung’s Disease· aganglionic megacolonHorner’s Syndrome· ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis (lesion of cervical sympathetic nerves often 2° to a Pancoast tumor)Huntington’s· progressive degeneration of caudate nucleus, putamen & frontal cortex; ADJacksonian Seizures

· epileptic events originating in the primary motor cortex (area 4)Job’s Syndrome· immune deficiency: neutrophils fail to respond to chemotactic stimulirecurrent staphylococcal infections of the skinKaposi Sarcoma· malignant vascular tumor (HHV8 in homosexual men)Kartagener’s Syndrome· immotile cilia 2° to defective dynein arms infection, situs inversus, sterilityKawasaki Disease· mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (lips, oral mucosa)Klinefelter’s Syndrome· 47, XXY patients are male in development but have seminiferous tubule dysgenesis, elevated urinary gonadotropins, variable gynecomastiaKluver-Bucy· bilateral lesions of amygdala (hypersexuality; oral behavior)Krukenberg Tumor· adenocarcinoma with signet-ring cells (typically originating from the stomach) metastases to the ovariesLaennec’s Cirrhosis· alcoholic cirrhosisLesch-Nyhan (X-link recessive)· HGPRT deficiency (hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase, hyperuricemia and uric acid urolithiasis, choreoathetosis gout, retardation, self-mutilationLetterer-Siwe· acute disseminated Langerhans’ cell histiocytosisLibman-Sacks· endocarditis with small vegetations on valve leaflets· associated with SLELou Gehrig’s· Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis degeneration of upper & lower motor neuronsMallory-Weis Syndrome· bleeding from esophagogastric lacerations 2° to wretching (alcoholics)Marfan’s autosomal dominant · connective tissue defect ectopia lentis, and vascular defects (particularly aneurysm of the aorta, dissecting or diffuse); iris transilluminationMcArdle’s Disease· glycogen storage disease (muscle phosphorylase deficiency)Meckel’s Diverticulum· rule of 2’s: 2 inches long, 2 feet from the ileocecum, in 2% of the population· embryonic duct origin; may contain ectopic tissue (gastric, pancreatic, etc.)Meig’s Syndrome· Triad: ovarian fibroma, ascites, hydrothoraxMenetrier’s Disease· giant hypertrophic gastritis (enlarged rugae; plasma protein loss)Monckeberg’s Arteriosclerosis· calcification of the media (usually radial & ulnar aa.)Munchausen Syndrome· factitious disorder (consciously creates symptoms, but doesn’t know why)Nelson’s Syndrome· 1° Adrenal Cushings ® surgical removal of adrenals ® loss of negative feedback to pituitary ® Pituitary AdenomaNiemann-Pick· Lysosomal Storage Disease sphingomyelinase deficiency· “foamy histiocytes”Osler-Weber-Rendu Syndrome

· Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (after puberty, marked by multiple small telangiectases and dilated venules that develop slowly on the skin and mucous membranes; the face, lips, tongue, nasopharynx, and intestinal mucosa are frequent sites, and recurrent bleeding may occur; autosomal dominant)Paget’s Disease· abnormal bone architecture (thickened, numerous fractures ® pain)Pancoast Tumor· bronchogenic tumor with superior sulcus involvement (adenocarcinoma of a lung apex)® Horner’s Syndrome ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis on the side of the sympathetic palsy)Parkinson’s· dopamine depletion in nigrostriatal tractsPeutz-Jegher’s Syndrome· melanin pigmentation of lips, mouth, hand, genitalia plus hamartomatous polyps of small intestinePeyronie’s Disease· subcutaneous fibrosis of dorsum of penisPick’s Disease· progressive dementia similar to Alzheimer’sPlummer’s Syndrome· hyperthyroidism, nodular goiter, absence of eye signs (Plummer’s = Grave’s - eye signs)Plummer-Vinson· esophageal webs & iron-deficiency anemia, * SCCA of esophagusPompe’s Disease· glycogen storage disease ® cardiomegalyPott’s Disease· tuberculous osteomyelitis of the vertebraePotter’s Complex· renal agenesis ® oligohydramnios ® hypoplastic lungs, defects in extremitiesRaynaud’s· Disease: recurrent vasospasm in extremities· Phenomenon: 2° to underlying disease (SLE or scleroderma)Reiter’s Syndrome· urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis non-infectious (but often follows infections), HLA-B27, polyarticularReye’s Syndrome· microvesicular fatty liver change & encephalopathy· 2° to aspirin ingestion in children following viral illnessRiedel’s Thyroiditis· idiopathic fibrous replacement of thyroidRotor Syndrome· congenital hyperbilirubinemia (conjugated)· similar to Dubin-Johnson, but no discoloration of the liverSezary Syndrome· leukemic form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides) exfoliative dermatitis with intense pruritus, resulting from cutaneous infiltration by atypical mononuclear cells (T lymphocytes with markedly convoluted or cerebriform nuclei) also found in the peripheral blood, and associated with alopecia, edema, and nail and pigmentary changes; a variant of mycosis fungoidesShaver’s Disease· aluminum inhalation ® lung fibrosisSheehan’s Syndrome· postpartum pituitary necrosisShy-Drager· parkinsonism with autonomic dysfunction & orthostatic hypotension

Simmond’s Disease· pituitary cachexia,usually developing postpartum during a hypotensive episode during deliverySipple’s Syndrome· MEN type IIa (pheochromocytoma, thyroid medulla, parathyroid)Sjogren’s Syndrome· triad: dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis * risk of B-cell lymphomaSpitz Nevus· juvenile melanoma (always benign)Stein-Leventhal· polycystic ovary hirsutism, obesity, menstrual abnormalities, infertility, and enlarged ovariesStevens-Johnson Syndrome· erythema multiforme, fever, malaise, mucosal ulceration (often 2° to infection or sulfa drugs)Still’s Disease· juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (absence of rheumatoid factor)Takayasu’s arteritis common in females.· aortic arch syndrome· loss of carotid, radial or ulnar pulsesTay-Sachs· gangliosidosis (hexosaminidase A deficiency ® GM2 ganglioside)Tetralogy of Fallot· ÊVSD, Ëoverriding aorta, Ìpulmonary artery stenosis, Íright ventricular hypertrophyTourette’s Syndrome· involuntary actions, both motor and vocalTurcot’s Syndrome· adenomatous polyps of colon plus CNS tumorsTurner’s Syndrome· 45, XO dwarfism, webbed neck,ovary fibrous streak amenorrheaVincent’s Infectionmiddle-aged adults· “trench mouth” - acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (A fusiform bacillus and Treponema vincentii can be isolated from the gingival tissuesvon Gierke’s Disease· glycogen storage disease (G6Pase deficiency)von Hippel-Lindau· hemangioma (or hemangioblastoma)· adenomas of the viscera, especially renal cell carcinomavon Recklinghausen’s·neurofibromatosis & café au lait spotsvon Recklinghausen’s Disease of Bone· osteitis fibrosa cystica (“brown tumor”) 2° to hyperparathyroidismvon Willebrand’s Disease· defect in platelet adhesion 2° to deficiency in vWF, autosomal dominant inheritanceWaldenstrom’s macroglobinemia· proliferation of IgM-producing lymphoid cellsWallenberg’s Syndrome· Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA) thrombosis “Medullary Syndrome”· Ipsilateral: ataxia, facial pain & temp; Contralateral: body pain & tempWaterhouse-Friderichsen· catastrophic adrenal insufficiency 2° to hemorrhagic necrosis (eg, DIC)· often 2° to meningiococcemiaWeber’s Syndrome· Paramedian Infarct of Midbrain· Ipsilateral: mydriasis; Contralateral: UMN paralysis (lower face & body)

Wegener’s Granulomatosis· necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis of paranasal sinuses, lungs, kidneys, etc.Weil’s Disease· leptospirosis acquired by contact with the urineWermer’s Syndrome· MEN type I (thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal cortex, pancreatic islets, pituitary)Wernicke’s Aphasia· Sensory Aphasia impaired comprehensionWernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome· thiamine deficiency in alcoholics; bilateral mamillary bodies(confusion, ataxia, ophthalmoplegia)Whipple’s Disease· malabsorption syndrome (with bacteria-laden macrophages) & polyarthritis, steatorrhea, acid-Schiff positiveWilson’s Disease· hepatolenticular degeneration (copper accumulation & decrease in ceruloplasmin)Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome· immunodeficiency: combined B- &T-cell deficiency (thrombocytopenia & eczema)Wolff-Chaikoff Effect· high iodine level (-)’s thyroid hormone synthesis Zenker’s Diverticulum (pharyngoesophageal diverticulum)· esophageal; cricopharyngeal muscles above UES most common diverticulum of the esophagus; arises between the inferior pharyngeal constrictor and the crico-pharyngeus muscleZollinger-Ellison· gastrin-secreting tumor of pancreas (or intestine) ®* acid ® intractable ulcers

Hallmark Findings

Albumino-Cytologic Dissociation· Guillain-Barre (markedly increased protein in CSF with only modest increase in cell count)Antiplatelet Antibodies· idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpuraArachnodactyly· Marfan’sAschoff Bodies· rheumatic feverAuer Rods· acute promyelocytic leukemia (AML type M3)Autosplenectomy· sickle cell anemiaBabinski· UMN lesionBasophilic Stippling of RBCs· lead poisoningBence Jones Protein· multiple myeloma free light chains (either kappa or lambda)· Waldenstrom’s macroglobinemiaBirbeck Granules· histiocytosis X (eosinophilic granuloma)Blue Bloater· Chronic BronchitisBoot-Shaped Heart· Tetralogy of Fallot

Bouchard’s Nodes· osteoarthritis (PIP)Boutonniere’s Deformity· rheumatoid arthritisBrown Tumor· hyperparathyroidismBrushfield Spots· Down’sCall-Exner Bodies· granulosa cell tumorCardiomegaly with Apical Atrophy· Chagas’ Disease young children, with swelling of the skin at the site of entry, megacolon and megaesophagusChancre·1° SyphilisChancroid· Haemophilus ducreyi soft chancreCharcot Triad· multiple sclerosis (nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech)Charcot-Leyden Crystals· bronchial asthmaCheyne-Stokes Breathing· cerebral lesionChocolate Cysts· endometriosisChvostek’s Sign· Hypocalcemia facial spasm in tetanyClue Cells·Gardnerella vaginitisCodman’s Triangle· osteosarcomaCold Agglutinins· Mycoplasma pneumoniae· infectious mononucleosisCondyloma Lata· 2° Syphilis· new coffee flavor at Bagel & BagelCotton Wool Spots· HTNCouncilman Bodies· dying hepatocytesCrescents In Bowman’s Capsule· rapidly progressive (crescentic glomerulonephritis)Currant-Jelly Sputum· Klebsiella nonsporeformingCurschmann’s Spirals· bronchial asthmaDepigmentation Of Substantia Nigra· Parkinson’sDonovan Bodies·granuloma inguinale (STD)Eburnation· osteoarthritis (polished, ivory-like appearance of bone)Ectopia Lentis·Marfan’s

Erythema Chronicum Migrans· Lyme DiseaseFatty Liver· AlcoholismFerruginous Bodies· asbestosisGhon Focus / Complex· Tuberculosis (1° & 2°, respectively)Gower’s Maneuver· Duchenne’s MD use of arms to standHeberden’s Nodes· Osteoarthritis (DIP)Heinz Bodies· G6PDH DeficiencyHemorrhagic Urticaria· Henoch-SchonleinHeterophil Antibodies· infectious mononucleosis (EBV)Hirano Bodies· Alzheimer’sHypersegmented PMNs· Megaloblastic anemiaHypochromic Microcytic RBCs· iron-deficiency anemiaJarisch-Herxheimer Reaction· Syphilis over-aggressive treatment of an asymptomatic pt. that causes symptoms 2° to rapid lysisJoint Mice· osteoarthritis (fractured osteophytes)Kaussmaul Breathing· acidosisKeratin Pearls· SCCAKeyser-Fleischer Ring· Wilson’sKimmelstiel-Wilson Nodules· diabetic nephropathyKoilocytes· HPVKoplik Spots· measlesLewy Bodies· Parkinson’s (eosinophilic inclusions in damaged substantia nigra cells)Lines of Zahn· arterial thrombusLisch Nodules· neurofibromatosis (von Recklinhausen’s disease)Lumpy-Bumpy IF Glomeruli· poststreptococcal glomerulonephritisMcBurney’s Sign· appendicitis (McBurney’s Point is 2/3 of the way from the umbilicus to anterior superior iliac spine)Michealis-Gutmann Bodies· MalakoplakiaMonoclonal Antibody Spike

· multiple myeloma this is called the M protein (usually IgG or IgA)· MGUSMyxedema· hypothyroidismNegri Bodies· rabiesNeuritic Plaques·Alzheimer’sNeurofibrillary Tangles· Alzheimer’sNon-pitting Edema· Myxedema· Anthrax ToxinNotching of Ribs· Coarctation of AortaNutmeg Liver· CHFPainless Jaundice· pancreatic CA (head)Pannus·rheumatoid arthritisPautrier’s Microabscesses· mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma)Philadelphia Chromosome· CML· ALLPick Bodies· Pick’s Disease striking atrophy of portions of the frontal and temporal lobesPink Puffer· Emphysema Centroacinar – smoking Panacinar - a1-antitrypsin deficiencyPodagra· gout (MP joint of hallux)Port-Wine Stain· HemangiomaPosterior Anterior Drawer Sign· tearing of the ACLPsammoma Bodies· Papillary adenocarcinoma of the thyroid· Serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary· Meningioma· MesotheliomaPseudohypertrophy·Duchenne muscular dystrophyPunched-Out Bone Lesions·multiple myelomaRash on Palms & Soles·2° Syphilis· RMSFRed Morning Urine· paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuriaReed-Sternberg Cells· Hodgkin’s DiseaseReid Index Increased· chronic bronchitisReinke Crystals

· Leydig cell tumorRouleaux Formation· multiple myeloma RBC’s stacked as poker chipsS3 Heart Sound· L®R Shunt (VSD, PDA)· Mitral Regurg· LV FailureS4 Heart Sound· Pulmonary Stenosis· Pulmonary HTNSchwartzman Reaction· Neisseria meningitidis impressive rash with bugsSimian Crease· Down’sSmith Antigen· SLE (also anti-dsDNA)Soap Bubble on X-Ray· giant cell tumor of boneSpike & Dome Glomeruli· membranous glomerulonephritisString Sign on X-ray· Crohn’s bowel wall thickeningTarget Cells· ThalassemiaTendinous Xanthomas· Familial HypercholesterolemiaThyroidization of Kidney· chronic pyelonephritisTophi· goutTram-Track Glomeruli·membranoproliferative glomerulonephritisTrousseau’s Sign· visceral ca, classically pancreatic (migratory thrombophlebitis)· hypocalcemia (carpal spasm)

These are two entirely different disease processes and different signs, but they unfortunately have the same name.

Virchow’s Node· supraclavicular node enlargement by metastatic carcinoma of the stomachWarthin-Finkeldey Giant Cells· MeaslesWBC Casts· pyelonephritisWire Loop Glomeruli·lupus nephropathy, type IV* AFP in amniotic fluid or mother’s serum·Spina Bifida·Anencephaly* Uric Acid·Gout·Lesch Nyhan· Myeloproliferative Disorders· Diuretics (Loop & Thiazides)¯ FEV1/FVC· COPD

Most Common…

1° Tumor arising from bone in adults· Multiple MyelomaAdrenal Medullary Tumor – Adults· PheochromocytomaAdrenal Medullary Tumor – Children· NeuroblastomaBacterial Meningitis – adults· Neisseria meningitidisBacterial Meningitis – elderly· Strep pneumoniaeBacterial Meningitis – newborns· E. coliBacterial Meningitis – toddlers· HibBone Tumors· Metasteses from Breast & ProstateBrain Tumor – Child· Medulloblastoma (cerebellum)Brain Tumor –Adult· Astrocytoma (including Glioblastoma Multiforme) then: mets, meningioma, SchwannomaBreast Carcinoma· Invasive Duct CarcinomaBreast Mass· Fibrocystic Change (Carcinoma is the most common is post-menopausal women)Bug in Acute Endocarditis· Staph aureusBug in debilitated, hospitalized pneumonia pt· KlebsiellaBug in Epiglottitis· HibBug in GI Tract·Bacteroides (2nd – E. coli)Bug in IV drug user bacteremia / pneumonia· Staph aureusBug in PID· N. GonnorrhoeaeBug in Subacute Endocarditis· Strep ViridansCardiac 1° Tumor – Adults· Myxoma “Ball Valve”Cardiac 1° Tumor – Child· RhabdomyomaCardiac Tumor – Adults· MetastesesCardiomyopathy· Dilated (Congestive) CardiomyopathyCause of 2° HTN· Renal DiseaseCause of Addison’s·Autoimmune (2nd – infection)Cause of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia· 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (then, 11-)

Cause of Cushings· Exogenous Steroid Therapy (then, 1°* ACTH, Adrenal Adenoma, Ectopic ACTH)Cause of death in Alzheimer pts· PneumoniaCause of death in Diabetics· MICause of Death in SLE pts.·Lupus Nephropathy Type IV (Diffuse Proliferative)Cause of Dementia· Alzheimer’sCause of Dementia (2nd most common)·Multi-Infarct DementiaCause of food poisoning·Staph aureusCause of mental retardation· Down’sCause of mental retardation (2nd most common)· Fragile XCause of preventable blindness· ChlamydiaCause of Pulmonary HTN· COPDCause of SIADH· Small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung continued secretion of antidiuretic hormone despite low serum osmolality and expanded extracellular volume.Chromosomal disorder· Down’sCongenital cardiac anomaly· VSD (membranous > muscular)Congenital early cyanosis· Tetralogy of FallotCoronary Artery thrombosis· LADDemyelinating Disease· Multiple SclerosisDietary Deficiency· IronDisseminated opportunistic infection in AIDS· CMV (Pneumocystis carinii is most common overall)Esophageal cancer· SCCAFatal genetic defect in Caucasians· Cystic FibrosisFemale Tumor· LeimyomaForm of Amyloidosis· Immunologic (Bence Jones protein in multiple myeloma is also called the Amyloid Light Chain)Form of Tularemia· Ulceroglandular,Francisella tularensis and transmitted to humans from rodents through the bite of a deer fly, Chrysops discalis, and other bloodsucking insects Gynecologic malignancy· Endometrial CarcinomaHeart Murmur· Mitral Valve Prolapse

Heart Valve in bacterial endocarditis· MitralHeart Valve in bacterial endocarditis in IV drug users· TricuspidHeart Valve involved in Rheumatic Fever· Mitral then AorticHereditary Bleeding Disorder· Von Willebrand’s DiseaseLiver 1° Tumor· HepatomaLiver Disease· Alcoholic Liver DiseaseLocation of Adult brain tumors· Above TentoriumLocation of Childhood brain tumors· Below TentoriumLysosomal Storage Disease· Gaucher’sMotor Neuron Disease· ALSNeoplasm – Child· LeukemiaNeoplasm – Child (2nd most common)· Medulloblastoma of brain (cerebellum)Nephrotic Syndrome· Membranous GlomerulonephritisOpportunistic infection in AIDS· PCPOvarian Malignancy· Serous CystadenomaOvarian Tumor· HamartomaPancreatic Tumor· Adeno (usually in the head)Patient with ALL / CLL / AML / CML· ALL - Child / CLL - Adult over 60 / AML - Adult over 60 / CML - Adult 35-50Patient with Goodpasture’s· Young malePatient with Reiter’s· MalePituitary Tumor· Prolactinoma (2nd – Somatotropic “Acidophilic” Adenoma)Primary Hyperparathyroidism· Adenomas (followed by: hyperplasia, then carcinoma)Pt. With Hodgkin’s· Young Male (except Nodular Sclerosis type – Female)Pt. With Minimal Change Disease· Young ChildSecondary Hyperparathyroidism· Hypocalcemia of Chronic Renal FailureSexually transmitted disease· ChlamydiaSite of Diverticula· Sigmoid ColonSite of metastasis

· Regional Lymph NodesSite of metastasis (2nd most common)· LiverSites of atherosclerosis· Abdominal aorta > coronary > popliteal > carotidSkin Cancer· Basal Cell CarcinomaStomach cancer· AdenoTesticular Tumor· SeminomaThyroid Cancer· Papillary CarcinomaTracheoesophageal Fistula· Lower esophagus joins trachea / upper esophagus – blind pouchTumor of Infancy· HemangiomaType of Hodkin’s· Mixed Cellularity (versus: lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion, nodular sclerosis)Type of Non-Hodgkin’s· Follicular, small cleavedVasculitis (of medium & small arteries)· Temporal ArteritisViral Encephalitis· HSVWorm infection in US· Pinworm (2nd – Ascaris)

Signature Drug Toxicities

Agranulocytosis· ClozapineAplastic Anemia· Chloramphenicol· NSAIDs· BenzeneAtropine-like Side Effects· TricyclicsCardiotoxicity· Doxorubicin· DaunorubicinCartilage Damage in children·Fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin & Norfloxacin)Cinchonism (tinnitus, headache, deafness, and occasionally, anaphylactoid shock)· QuinidineCough· ACE InhibitorsDiabetes Insipidus· LithiumDisulfiram-like effect· Metronidazole· Sulfonylureas (1st generation)Extrapyramidal Side Effects· Antipsychotics (Thioridazine, Haloperidol, Chlorpromazine)

Fanconi’s Syndrome·TetracyclineFatal Hepatotoxicity (necrosis)· Valproic Acid· Halothane· AcetaminophenGingical Hyperplasia· PhenytoinGray Baby Syndrome· ChloramphenicolGynecomastia· Cimetidine· Azoles· Spironolactone· DigitalisHemolytic Anemia in G6PD-deficiency· Sulfonamides· Isoniazid· Aspirin· Ibuprofen·PrimaquineHepatitis·IsoniazidHot Flashes, Flushing· Niacin· Tamoxifen· Ca++ Channel BlockersInduce CP450

· Barbiturates· Phenytoin· Carbamazepine· RifampinInhibit CP450

· Cimetidine· KetoconazoleInterstitial Nephritis· Methicillin· NSAIDs (except Aspirin)· Furosemide· SulfonamidesMonday Disease· Nitroglycerin Industrial exposure ® tolerance during week ® loss of tolerance during weekend ® headache, tach, dizziness upon re-exposureOrange Body Fluids· RifampinOsteoporosis· Heparin· CorticosteroidsPositive Coombs’ Test· MethyldopaPulmonary Fibrosis· Bleomycin· Amiodarone

Red Man Syndrome· VancomycinSevere HTN with Tyramine· MAOIsSLE-like Syndrome·Procainamide·HydralazineTardive Dyskinesia· Antipsychotics (Thioridazine, Haloperidol, Chlorpromazine)Tinnitus· Aspirin· Quinidine

Miscellaneous

·Fastest growing tumor – Burkitt’s·PE’s are found in half of all autopsies·Courvoisier’s Law: tumors that obstruct the common bile duct cause enlarged gallbladders, but obstructing gallstones do not (too much scarring).·Only DNA virus to replicate in cytoplasm: Pox·Only RNA virus to replicate in nucleus: Influenza·Bacillus anthracis has the only protein capsule·Bordetella pertussis (Whooping Cough) elicits lymphocytosis rather than granulocytosis·Bronchioalveolar carcinomas grow without destroying the normal architecture of the lung·Cryptococcus neoformans often lacks a capsule and, when stained with GMS, looks just like Pneumycistis carinii, except that Cryptococcus lacks the prominent nucleoli.