Michael StoreyPlanning and Insight Manager, Sydney Water Sydney WaterKeynote Address Sensors4Water. Assen, Netherlands 2013

Advances in On-Line Monitoring in the Global Water Industry

IntroductionState owned corporation

Drinking, wastewater, recycling

4.3 million customers

1.4 billion litres per day

70% residential

Warragamba Dam

Sydney Harbour

Introduction125 years, 2,900 staff

12,500 square kilometres

21,500 km water mains

23,500 km sewer mains

$35 billion replacement

Sydney Water’s Area of Operations

A Recent HistoryEnvironment (1990s)

Public Health (1998)

Water Scarcity (2006)

Climate Change (2010)

Efficiency (current)

‘Turn Back the Tide’

Cryptosporidium

Drought, algal blooms

1. Sensors and online monitors – the global state of play in the urban water industry

2. The future of the urban water industry – challenges and opportunities

Overview

2005

2007

1. Sensors and online monitors – the global state of play in the urban water industry

2. The future of the urban water industry – challenges and opportunities

Overview

EAWAG, Kastanienbaum

University of California, Berkeley

Sensors and Monitorsand their use in the global water industry

Global Water Research Coalition

– PUB (Singapore)

– UK Water Industry Research (UKWIR) (UK)

– SUEZ Environnement - CIRSEE (France)

– TZW – The German Water Center (Germany)

– KWR Water Cycle Research Institute

– U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Background

USEPA, Cincinnati Ohio

Kiwa Water Research Centre, Nieuwegein

Research organisations, universities,

technology companies, government

agencies

18 leading water utilities

– Europe (Vitens, Evides, Thames, SUEZ)

– United States (LA DPW, NY DEP, EB MUD)

– Singapore (PUB)

Background

Public Utilities Board (PUB), Singapore

Centre for Environmental

Sensing and Modelling

State-of-the-art

Business drivers

Utility experiences

Emerging technologies

Barriers to

implementation

Background

American Water, Voorhees New Jersey

EBMUDSan Francisco

Greater Cincinnati WW

Laboratory analysis

Sensitivity and specificity

Sampling – transport – analysis

- Cost

- Errors and contamination

- Limited information (variability)

- Not in real-time

Why Online Monitoring?

Suez-C.I.R.S.E.E., LePecq, Paris

Process control/optimisation

Regulatory (health and environment)

Event detection/response

Safety

Asset protection

Planning

Maintenance

Business Drivers

Eijsden monitoring station

Process control/optimisation - 100%

Regulatory (health and environment) - 77%

Event detection/response - 60%

Safety - 34%

Asset protection - 25%

Planning - 15%

Maintenance - 2%

Survey of 39 local (Australian) water utilities and suppliers

Business Drivers River Thames Fobney

Thames Water, Reading UK

Catchment to tap

Drinking water

– Raw (source) waters

– Treatment (process)

– Distribution system

Desalination

Utility Experiences

3Valleys Sunnymeads, River Thames UK

Catchment to receiving waters

Wastewater

– Sewer catchments (source)

– Treatment (process)

– Distribution system (recycled water)

– Receiving waters (natural environment)

Trade waste

Utility Experiences

Wastewater monitoring, Sydney Water

pH

Turbidity

Chlorine (free)

Dissolved O2

ORP

H2S

Online Monitors

Tucson Water, Arizona

Fluoride

Conductivity (TDS)

Particle

Alkalinity

Colour

UV Absorbance (UV254),

UV-Vis

Online Monitors

USEPA T&E Facility, Cincinnati

Colorimetric, photometric, titrimetric

Using standardised laboratory methods

NO3, NH3 and total N

PO4 and total P

TOC, COD

Chlorine (residual)

Batch Analysers

Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG), Dubendorf

Continuous and batch techniques

Biological monitors

– bacteria, algae, daphnia, fish

Chemical monitors

– gas, liquid chromatography

Contaminant Monitoring

Lengg Lakewater Plant, Stadt Zürich Wasserversorgung

Recent DevelopmentsNew technologies for old parameters

Ion-selective electrodes (NH4+, NO3

-, F-, Cl-)

Luminescence (dissolved O2, pH)

UV spectroscopy (COD/TOC, NO3-, NH3, H2S)

Fluorescence (algae, chlorophyll, NOM)

Electrochemical (pH, EC)

Technologiezentrum Wasser (TZW), Karlsruhe

Chip technologies – microsensor, nanotechnology

Biological and chemical contaminants

- Laser tweezers - Raman spectroscopy

- ELISA, DNA Microarrays

- Electronic nose and tongue

- Optical microsensors

- ChemLab Fibre optics

Emerging Technologies

Evides - Kaizersveer Monitoring Station, Meuse River

Remote Sensing

- Visual and infrared cameras

- Ground-station, aeroplanes,

satellites

- Light wavelengths to measure

water quality parameters (CO2,

salinity, chlorophyll)

Emerging Technologies

Center for Advanced Microbial Risk Assessment (CAMRA)

Tucson Arizona

Water Village

Water Security Initiative – DHS, USEPA

Event software, sensor placement

- Online monitoring stations (TOC, chlorine)

- Public health (syndromic) surveillance

- Field and laboratory analysis

- Enhanced security monitoring

- Customer complaints in real-time

USEPA Washington DC

Event Detection

Greater Cincinnati Waterworks, Ohio

Field-based monitoring method

Scope - demonstrate an effective early warning

mechanism

- review existing water quality information

- identify sensing technology development required

- develop a system for real-time collection of data

- deployment and application

Real-time Event Detection

Real-time Event Detection

Sudden matrix change

Real-time Event Detection

Assess risks to assets and workers

Sewage pump stations – key nodes

Real-time online information

- Liquid: pH, ORP, conductivity

- Gas: LEL%, H2S, TVOC

UV-Vis – organics, ammonia, ORP

Event-based auto-sampler - liquid & gas

Sewer Risk Management

ConclusionsTechnology is evolving

New technologies to measure ‘old’

parameters

Emerging technologies will evolve

Advances in hydraulic models and

sensor placement

No universal monitor, event detectionKaiser Brunner, Wiener Wasserwerk

ConclusionsExisting water quality issues

Data handling needs work

Data Information Action

Decontamination and restoration

DHS National Decontamination Facility, N. Kentucky

Integrate into existing operations

Inexpensive

Simple (handling, staff)

Maintenance (and support)

Robust

Environmental tolerance

Portable (i.e. power, weight)

ConclusionsAgency for Science and

Technology Research (A-STAR), Singapore

Centre for Advanced Water Technology (CAWT)

Integrate into existing operations

Reagents

Calibration

Stability

Reliability (alarms)

Non-destructive

Business benefits (dual purpose)

Conclusions

Los Angeles Department of Water and Power

■ Issue: Implementation of modern sensor technologies in water and wastewater is lagging behind; existing potential is not being fully exploited.

■ Barriers: true capabilities and user experience of water quality sensors (too) hard to find & benefits are unclear resulting in reluctance to deploy

■ Information Gathering: ■ document user experience (what works, what are the benefits...)■ facilitate communication between stakeholders■ online questionnaires, workshops, literature review, expert opinion■ in-depth case studies, detailed information from sensor manufacturers

■ Compendium: to be provided as a searchable web application at...www.wqsmc.org (available online Q4 2013)

A Compendium of Sensors and Monitors and their Use in the Global Water Industry

Challenges and Opportunitiesin the urban water industry

Jack Ann George

Jack is looking at Ann. Ann is looking at George.

Jack is married. George is not married.

Is a married person looking at an unmarried person?

a) Yes b) No c) Impossible to tell

Seven Global MegatrendsPopulation growth and urbanisation

Competition for natural resources

Emerging markets

Rise of the consumer

Technological change

Unstable political, economic environment

State-owned capitalism

Challenges and OpportunitiesSTEEP

Social

Technological

Economic

Environmental

Political

SWOT

Strengths

Weaknesses

Opportunities

Threats

External EnvironmentSocial

Increasing customer demands/expectations

Customer affordability and perceptions

Changing populations and demographics

Workforce – ageing, knowledge transfer

Customer feedback – crowd sourcing Urban development, Sydney

External EnvironmentTechnological

Change in information technology

Water treatment systems -

integrated, alternate water sources,

decentralised

Water treatment technologies -

membranes, pipe leakage, condition

assessment

External EnvironmentEconomic

Global finances

Efficiency and productivity

Process optimisation (raw

materials, nutrients, energy)

Non-regulated products and

services Steel manufacturing, Wollongong

External EnvironmentEnvironmental

Sustainability – liveable and

water-sensitive cities, source

water management,

renewable energy

Risk and resilience – climate

change adaptation, extreme

events Co-generation, Sydney Water

External EnvironmentPolitical

Political intervention

Increasing regulation

(finance, health and

environment)

Operating licence and

compliance targets Botany Bay, Sydney

Strengths & WeaknessesStrengths

Knowledge, skills and experience

Innovation in sensor technology

Weaknesses

Data handling and communications

Collaboration, poor leverage, duplication

Address existing water quality issues

Customer Service, Sydney Water

Opportunities & ThreatsOpportunities

Experiences of other utilities and industries

Low-cost technologies

New communications platforms - AMR

Microsensor, nanotechnology

Threats

Internal and external AMR, Cincinnati Ohio

Online monitoring in urban water

Collaboration

Look to other industries

Demonstrate benefits

Challenge existing paradigms

Conclusions

On-line monitoring, Sydney Water

Jack Ann George

Jack is looking at Ann. Ann is looking at George.

Jack is married. George is not married.

Is a married person looking at an unmarried person?

a) Yes b) No c) Impossible to tell

Bram Van der Gaag; Joep van den Boeke (Benten Water Solutions); Peter van der Maas

(WLN); Dr Mark Angles, Tung Nguyen (Sydney Water); Professor Huijun Zhao (Griffith

University); Adam Lovell (WSAA); Professor Nick Ashbolt (USEPA).

Acknowledgements

University of Technology, Delft; University of California, Berkeley; University of Arizona, Tucson; University of Cincinnati;

Polytechnic University, New York; National University, Singapore; SMART - NUS and MIT; Stadt Zürich

Wasserversorgung; Regensdorf Sewage Treatment Plant; Evides; Vitens; Severn Trent Water; 3Valleys; Thames Water;

Keisersveer Monitoring Station; Eijsden Monitoring Station; East Bay Municipal Utilities District (EBMUD); Los Angeles

Department Water and Power; Tucson Water Utility; Greater Cincinnati Waterworks; Department of Environmental

Protection, New York; American Water, New Jersey; PUB; Vienna Waterworks; Suez, Paris; Cytobuoy; S:CAN; MicroLan;

CNI Guard; Sandia National Laboratories; EAWAG, Zurich and Lucerne; KIWA Water Research; Suez-C.I.R.S.E.E.,

LePecq. UKWIR; WETSUS; Water Research Centre, UK; Technologiezentrum Wasser (TZW); Centre for Advancing

Microbial Risk Assessment (CAMRA); Water Village, Tucson; Global Water Research Coalition (GWRC); National Water

Research Institute; American Water Works Association (AWWA); International Water Association (IWA), Den Haag;

International Water Association, Singapore; Centre for Advanced Water Technology, Waterhub; Environment Agency, UK;

UNESCO; Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu (RIVM); California Department of Public Health (CDPH); US

Environmental Protection Agency – Cincinnati; US Environment Protection Agency - Washington; DHS Decontamination

Facility; Department of Homeland Security, Washington; ORSANCO; A-STAR, Singapore.

Acknowledgements

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Questions?

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