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Research paper on traffic accidents in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia
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COMM1312: Writing and Research
Spring 2014
Dr. William Harry Trotter
Student: Faisal Basheer
ID: 201301765
Major: Computer Engineering
Section 112
Assignment 6: Finalized Research Paper
Title: Strategic plan to minimize road traffic accidents in the Eastern Province 2014-2019.
Title: Strategic plan to minimize road traffic accidents in the Eastern Province 2014-2019. Table of Contents
Table of Contents Page
Abstract 3
Introduction 4
Purpose 4
Focus 4
Scope 4
Methodology 5
Literature review 6
Expectations 8
Comparing eastern province in Saudi Arabia and annual difference in RTAs 9
Evaluating causes of RTAs 10
Mitigation strategies 16
Conclusion 18
Recommendations 19
Bibliography 20
Appendix 21
2Faisal Basheer #201301765Writing and Research_112
Title: Strategic plan to minimize road traffic accidents in the Eastern Province 2014-2019. Table of Contents
3Faisal Basheer #201301765Writing and Research_112
Title: Strategic plan to minimize road traffic accidents in the Eastern Province 2014-2019. Abstract
Abstract
Road Traffic Accidents are a major concern globally. Saudi Arabia being a developing nation
is undergoing various changes and stages of development. The changes and some other
ingrained factors give birth to road accidents and consequent issues. This study focuses on
the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, where the issue is widespread. A comparison is made
between the Eastern Province and various other regions of Saudi Arabia with respect to rate
of accidents. The trends in annual rate of accidents are studied. Few major causes are
highlighted, which give birth to road accidents and appropriate mitigation strategies are also
framed in this study.
Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are a major public health problem globally. RTAs are a major
cause of death and disability in developing countries. According to a report by World Health 4
Faisal Basheer #201301765Writing and Research_112
Title: Strategic plan to minimize road traffic accidents in the Eastern Province 2014-2019. Introduction
Organization (WHO), the number of deaths due to RTAs is expected to increase by 80% from
2000 to 2020. Globally, RTAs rank 9th amongst the leading reasons for disability adjusted life
years lost, and this ranking is subjected to rise to the 3rd place by the year 2020.
1. Purpose
Saudi Arabia, which is a rapidly developing country, brings a need for road expansions.
Moreover an increase in the number of vehicles, road construction, and various other factors
RTAs are becoming a major concern for the Kingdom’s social and economic status. The
ensuing trauma has increased in direct proportion to the increase in the number of road
vehicles. Mortality rates have also increased substantially since 1990 due to road traffic
accidents. Latest statistics portray that 12 deaths per day occur in Saudi Arabia due to RTAs.
Therefore there is a need to plan mitigation strategies so as to minimise the causes of RTAs.
2. Focus
This study focuses on examining the causes that are responsible for RTAs in the Eastern
Province of Saudi Arabia and frame mitigation strategies to minimise them using a strategy
plan reasonable for five years (2014-2018).
3. Scope
This study is intended for the residents and organizations in the Eastern Province. The data
examined will be concerned about the road traffic in the region and the conclusions are
subject to change after a span of five years (or so).
5Faisal Basheer #201301765Writing and Research_112
Title: Strategic plan to minimize road traffic accidents in the Eastern Province 2014-2019. Methodology
4. Methods
To collect relevant data the following methods were used. A survey from Primary Health Care
Centers in Qatar and the Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia Database.
4.1 Surveying: The survey conducted by the Primary Health Care Centers (PHCs) residing in
Qatar. The conducted survey consisted of 22 PHCs located in various parts of Qatar. The
surveying procedure was prolonged from January 2009 to June 2009. Data collected was
amassed from questionnaires answered by Qatari drivers. The questionnaire inquired driving
history, socio-demographic facts, vehicle category, and behaviour of the driver, crash details, and
mishap patterns. Throughout the survey duration, 1646 subjects approached out of which 1228
replied to the questionnaire.
The data construed from the survey gives an account of causes that lead to road traffic accidents.
The factors that give rise to road traffic accidents (RTA) can be traced according to their
precedence. The survey provides vital ideas about the causes which lead to various kinds of RTA
and hence create a conduit towards solutions to minimize them. The survey also provides various
details about the scenarios while the accidents took place; like type of road, weather, day
(whether weekday or weekend), level of damage to the vehicle etc.
The figures and numbers obtained are capable of describing the causes of the accidents which are
a necessity for deciding mitigation strategies. Hence the survey proves its relevancy towards the
thesis of the research.
4.2 Database: The Health Statistics Annual Book (2012), presenting figures from the Ministry of
Health (MOH) Saudi Arabia Database.
6Faisal Basheer #201301765Writing and Research_112
Title: Strategic plan to minimize road traffic accidents in the Eastern Province 2014-2019. Methodology
The statistics book illustrates various initiatives, medical cases, facts and figures of various
medical terms; like death rate, birth rate, diseases, causes of injuries, and activities within
hospitals around the kingdom and provides data for different regions of Saudi Arabia for some of
the terms.
The data presented by this database-derived report can be utilized to compare mortality and
injury rate due to accidents in various regions with the eastern province. The numbers and rates
related to RTA can aid in determining how immense the issue is.
5. Literature review
Traffic Accidents continue to modulate severe health and economic consequences globally.
Despite of all those major efforts to improve traffic safety, RTAs have increased steadily. Al-
Naami (2010) states, RTAs to cost around 21 billion Saudi Riyals (USD $5.6 billion) annually to
the kingdom, which is a loss of 2.2% to 9% from the national income (p 51). The rates of RTAs
are highly alarming, as Ansari (2000) reports, minor accidents in the kingdom(82.1%) are less
than that in the USA (91.6%) but “major accidents causing injuries and deaths in Saudi Arabia
being more than double (17.4%) than those in the USA (8.313%)”(p 38). A rapid increase in the
rate of RTAs was observed in the early 90’s as the number of cars increased in the kingdom as
reported by Ansari (2000: p 37).
Various reasons were highlighted, which directly or indirectly gave birth to RTAs and related
concerns. Bener (2003) reports faults by drivers often accompanied by various law violations
lead to more than 90% of highway accidents (p 605). Abdo (2011) claims the major reason for
RTAs in the kingdom is the rising number of vehicles and population which is increased by the
rapidly increasing number of nationals and expatriates in the kingdom (p 210). Al-Naami (2010)
7Faisal Basheer #201301765Writing and Research_112
Title: Strategic plan to minimize road traffic accidents in the Eastern Province 2014-2019. Methodology
argues 40% RTAs are attributed to non-Saudis, “the increasing number of expatriates from
different countries who are unfamiliar with local driving conditions and requirements is also an
important factor in the increasing number of RTAs in the country” (p 51). Altwaijri (2012)
investigates Saudis drivers to be largely associated with fatal crashes (or serious injuries),
“compared with non-Saudi drivers the majority of the Saudi drivers (81%) are found to be
associated with fatal crashes” (p 355). As the kingdom is developing, the road networks all
around the kingdom are improvised and made efficient. As reported by Al-Naami (2010),
vehicles and road designing contributes to 20% of RTAs in Saudi Arabia; “People in small and
light vehicles are more likely to have serious injuries and fatalities. Improving vehicle
manufacturing should result in less fatal road traffic injuries.” (p 53).
Numerous studies illustrate the causes for RTAs in Saudi Arabia and other gulf countries, where
RTAs are a serious concern; with a few concentrating on the mitigation strategies to prevent or
even minimize the rapid increase in the rate of RTAs. The strategies formed then are in a need of
modification, as various initiatives like the ‘Saher’ have been introduced to traffic management
across the kingdom and the trends brought in road designing; therefore a new strategic plan is in
need which focuses on minimizing the rate of RTAs with keeping the recent initiatives and
technologies in context. For which this research will focus on the patterns of RTAs, identifying
their major causes and framing mitigation strategies.
8Faisal Basheer #201301765Writing and Research_112
Title: Strategic plan to minimize road traffic accidents in the Eastern Province 2014-2019. Expectations
6. Expectations
6.1 Evaluate chief causes of road traffic accidents: The study would reveal the chief causes that
are responsible for RTAs. Causes are vital in understanding the reasons behind the havoc due
to RTAs.
6.2 Mitigation strategies for road traffic accidents: The highlighted causes for RTAs would
facilitate in considering the causes and toning them down. Mitigation strategies would not
only help in lessening the number of road accidents but also be benefiting socially.
6.3 Importance of influencing the government initiatives and policies: Governmental policies
like laws and other initiatives can be effective in minimising RTAs and hence the study
would reveal reasons for the significance of amending schemes and laws.
9Faisal Basheer #201301765Writing and Research_112
Title: Strategic plan to minimize road traffic accidents in the Eastern Province 2014-2019. Body
7. Comparing Eastern Province with other regions of Saudi Arabia and annual difference in
RTAs
The data obtained from the MOH database was utilized to study the emergency cases due to
RTAs around Saudi Arabia and the annual rates of RTAs. Figure 1 illustrates the frequency of
emergency cases reported due to RTAs.
Riyadh
Makka
h
Madina
Qassim
Easte
rn P.
Asir
Tabouk
Ha'il
Northern
P.Jiz
an
Narjran
Al-Bah
ah
Al-Jouf
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
Figure 1: Emergency cases reported due to RTAsSource: MOH (2012)
Emer
genc
y ca
ses r
epor
ted
Makkah region is most active in RTA emergency cases (27%) whereas the Northern Province is
the least active region (1.03%).
Finding 1: Eastern Province is the third most RTA-prone region in Saudi Arabia.
2008 2009 2010 2011 20120
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
21,638 21,46723,263
25,30926,676
Figure 2: Emergency cases due to RTAs reported in the KingdomSource: MOH (2012)
Emer
genc
y ca
ses
10Faisal Basheer #201301765Writing and Research_112
Title: Strategic plan to minimize road traffic accidents in the Eastern Province 2014-2019. Body
Figure 2 illustrates the emergency cases due to RTAs reported in the Kingdom. The number of
emergency cases seems to increase steadily from the year 2008 to 2012. Therefore minimising the
rapidly increasing rate of RTAs is a serious concern.
8. Evaluating causes of RTAs
Following are different factors causing RTAs highlighted and analyzed. The data obtained
from the survey by PHCs in Qatar, Burgut (2010) and the Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia is
being used for analyzing certain factors.
8.1Age of drivers involved in RTAs
Figure 3 illustrates the age groups of drivers involved in RTAs.
Age group Drivers involved Drivers involved (%)
18-24 56 17.13%25-34 102 31.19%35-44 75 22.94%45-54 67 20.49%≥55 27 8.26%
TOTAL 327 100.00%Figure 3: frequency distribution of drivers involved in RTAs
and their age groups.Source: Burgut (2010).
Highest percentage of involvement in RTAs is seen in drivers belonging to age group of 25-
34 (31.2%), followed by the drivers of age group 35-44 (23%); while the lowest involvement
is seen in drivers above 55 years of age.
Finding 2: Young drivers are actively involved in RTAs, which shows lack of knowledge
regarding traffic rules and regulations among them.
11Faisal Basheer #201301765Writing and Research_112
Title: Strategic plan to minimize road traffic accidents in the Eastern Province 2014-2019. Body
8.2Education level of the drivers
Figure 4 illustrates the education of drivers involved in RTAs.
Education level No. Of Drivers No. Of drivers (%)
Illiterate 20 6.12%Primary 30 9.17%
Intermediate 67 20.49%Secondary 103 31.50%University 107 32.72%TOTAL 327 100.00%
Figure 4: frequency distribution of drivers involved in RTAs and their level of
education.
Source: Burgut (2010).
It is seen that majority (32.7%) of drivers involved in RTAs have attained university level
education. Involvement in RTAs is less observed by illiterate drivers (6.12%).
Finding 3: Drivers having favorable educational qualifications are more involved in
RTAs.
8.3Vehicle-type and involvement in RTAs
Figure 5 shows rate of involvement in RTAs with respect to vehicle type.
12Faisal Basheer #201301765Writing and Research_112
Heavy or light truck
Bus Minibus Pick-up SUV/4WD Car0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
30.00%
35.00%
40.00%
45.00%
50.00%
7.03% 8.87% 8.87%6.12%
23.55%
45.57%
Figure 5: Vehicle-type involvement in RTAsSource: Burgut (2010)
Drivers involved in RTAs
Type of vehicle
invo
lvem
ent i
n RT
As (%
)
Title: Strategic plan to minimize road traffic accidents in the Eastern Province 2014-2019. Body
Majority of RTAs caused, include car (45.6%) followed by SUV/4WD vehicles (23.5%).
Trucks (7%) and pick-up vehicles (6.12%) show relatively less involvement in RTAs. Al-
Naami (2010) states drivers and passengers in small and light vehicles are more subjected to
serious injuries and fatalities; “Improving vehicle manufacturing should result in less fatal
road traffic injuries” (p 52).
Finding 4: Frequency of RTAs is common among smaller vehicles like cars and SUVs;
trucks and pick up vehicles are not associated with RTAs to a large extent.
8.4Knowledge of traffic signs
Figure 6 illustrates the knowledge of traffic signs among the drivers (mainly youth) as
reported by Abdo (2011).
Almost 46% of the survey participants did not know what a ‘Yield’ Sign stands for, whereas
10-15% of the participants did not know some of the vital traffic signs like ‘Stop’, ‘ Merging
into a Main Street’, ‘ Do not Pass’, and ‘School Crossing Zone’ stood for. 20% of the
participants did not know the ‘Do not Enter’ Sign. Limited knowledge about Traffic signs
could be a major factor contributing to RTAs. Surprisingly these signs were not fully known
among the youth of the region, which included fresh and experienced drivers. This clearly
13Faisal Basheer #201301765Writing and Research_112
Figure 6: Knowledge about various Traffic signs
Source: Abdo (2011)
Title: Strategic plan to minimize road traffic accidents in the Eastern Province 2014-2019. Body
shows how a person with limited knowledge about traffic rules and signs, gets a license to
drive and this could be one of the reasons for rising number of traffic violations and RTAs.
Finding 5: Drivers involved in RTAs possess less knowledge about crucial traffic
signs.
8.5 Pattern of RTAs according to crash type
Figure 7 represents the pattern of RTAs by various crash types reported. Most repeatedly
reported patterns of RTAs are overturn skid (18.75%), angle collision (15.5%) and rear-end
hit (11.6%). Ansari (2000) claims the number of accidents due to over speeding in Saudi
Arabia are 3.5 times more than in the USA (p 38). Over speeding alone creates high chances
of fatal crashes.
Angle collision
Overturn skid
Nose to tail
Hit fixed object
Rear end hit
Head on collision
Side collision
Pedestrian
Hit parked vehicle
15.50%
18.75%
12.50%
11.50%
11.60%
9.00%
9.45%
7.20%
4.50%
Figure 7:Pattern of RTAs according to type of crashSource: Burgut (2010)
Type
of r
oad
traffi
c cra
shes
Finding 6: Most common patterns of RTAs include overturn skid, angle collision,
nose to tail crash and rear end hit
14Faisal Basheer #201301765Writing and Research_112
Title: Strategic plan to minimize road traffic accidents in the Eastern Province 2014-2019. Body
8.6 Weather conditions and temperatures
Following section discusses the relation between weather and temperatures and accidents.
Figure 8 represents the various weather conditions and the occurrence of RTAs. Most of the
RTAs were reported when weather was sunny (85%) whereas comparatively less RTAs were
reported when the weather was rainy, cloudy or dusty (3%-7%).
Finding 7: The rate of RTAs is comparatively more on sunny days
Figure 9 shows temperatures (type) and frequency of RTAs reported. Majority of RTAs were
reported on hot days. Extreme temperatures of the region give rise to tire blowouts, particularly in
rural areas, where roads are not well maintained. Al-Naami (2010) reports “the total number of tire-
15Faisal Basheer #201301765Writing and Research_112
Very Hot Hot Moderate 78 23.9%0.00%
10.00%20.00%30.00%40.00%50.00%60.00%70.00%80.00%
1.20%
74.90%
23.90%
Figure 9: Weather (temperature-type)Source: Burgut (2010)
Temperature-type
Cras
hes i
n %
Cloudy 5%
Dusty 7%
Sunny 85%
Rainy 3%
Figure 8: Weather (type)Source: Burgut (2010)
Title: Strategic plan to minimize road traffic accidents in the Eastern Province 2014-2019. Body
related accidents occurs at a rate of one accident per 11 km of rural roads according to a 2001
report on traffic accidents...” (p53).
Finding 8: Extreme temperatures are one of the causes that lead to RTAs.
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Title: Strategic plan to minimize road traffic accidents in the Eastern Province 2014-2019. Body
8.7 Practices while driving
Following are practices of drivers while driving discussed.
Figure 10 shows the frequency of drivers using mobile phones while driving. Most of the drivers
seem to always use mobile phones while driving (41%). Low fractions (15%) of drivers tend to
avoid the usage of mobile phones to some extent.
Figure 11 illustrates the frequency of drivers using seat-belts while driving. Low fractions of
drivers always use seat-belts (26%), whereas majority (53%) of drivers use seat-belts occasionally.
Finding 9: Drivers do not completely focus while driving. Distractions like usage of mobile
phones are observed in majority. Moreover usage of seat-belts is not common among the
drivers.
17Faisal Basheer #201301765Writing and Research_112
Always26%
Occas-sionally
53%
Rarely21%
Figure 11:Usage of seat-belts while driving Source: Abdo(2011)
Always41%Occa-
sionally44%
Rarely15%
Figure 10:Usage of mobile phones while drivingSource: Abdo(2011)
Title: Strategic plan to minimize road traffic accidents in the Eastern Province 2014-2019. Body
9. Mitigation Strategies
After discussing the magnitude and causes of RTAs in Saudi Arabia, various methods can be
framed in order to minimize the increasing rate of RTAs. To minimize the fore mentioned chief
causes of RTAs, the following mitigation strategies could be taken under consideration.
9.1 Educating and encouraging drivers to obey traffic regulations
Educating youngsters by means of campaigns and media can help in encouraging drivers to
obey traffic rules. Yahia (2013) hypothesizes encouraging the use of seat-belts is an effective
way to avoid injuries due to RTAs; “Encouraging people to use seat belts and seats for
children, would be an easy, simple and effective measure in reducing the fatalities and injuries
pertaining to traffic accidents” (p 289). Abdo (2011) suggests emphasizing the knowledge of
traffic signs in driving license examinations. Media and internet can be used to extend
awareness. The procedure for issuing a driving license must be more firm, testing the driver’s
skills and knowledge in various traffic regulations.
9.2 Amending government policies
Firm punishment should be implemented for those drivers who violate traffic rules. Initiatives
can be issued, which make it mandatory for employers to charge penalties on employees who
violate traffic regulations. The education ministry must introduce sessions at universities and
high schools, which emphasize importance of safe driving and abiding by traffic regulations.
9.3 Improving road monitoring systems
The recent initiative of installing radar and cameras on roads, called ‘Saher’ is helpful in
monitoring roads. Unfortunately, the Saher system is not that functional as the drivers may
18Faisal Basheer #201301765Writing and Research_112
Title: Strategic plan to minimize road traffic accidents in the Eastern Province 2014-2019. Body
slow down seeing a camera; but may increase their speed after the range of the camera/radar.
The Saher system needs to be more sophisticated.
9.4 Designing better roads
Roads should be built considering traffic congestion and weather conditions. The constant
digging of roads by various agencies across the eastern province should be minimized. The
digging of roads and heavy vehicles at workplace result in congestion. The change in lanes
should be improved.
19Faisal Basheer #201301765Writing and Research_112
Title: Strategic plan to minimize road traffic accidents in the Eastern Province 2014-2019. Conclusion
10. Conclusion
RTAs are a serious concern globally. RTAs have various social and economic outcomes on the
country. Saudi Arabia, being a developing nation is undergoing a variety of changes. These
changes include increasing population of immigrants, improvements in infrastructure, etc. Along
with these changes the rates of RTAs have increased in the past few years. The Eastern Province
of Saudi Arabia stands third in RTA-related emergencies. In order to minimize this increase in
number of RTAs, some major causes of RTAs were highlighted. Aforementioned causes were
age group of drivers, education level, vehicle-type, less knowledge of traffic signs and rules, lack
of concentration while driving and extreme weather conditions. Patterns of RTAs were also
studied which showed that overturn skid was responsible for majority of RTAs. Usage of seat
belts was found to be less in drivers. To minimize the consequences caused by these causes, few
mitigation strategies were framed. These mitigation strategies include education and
encouragement of drivers to obey traffic laws, amendment of government policies, improving
road monitoring systems and road design. If the governmental agencies and organizations focus
on better roads and providing license to fully-trained drivers, the rate of RTAs can be controlled.
20Faisal Basheer #201301765Writing and Research_112
Title: Strategic plan to minimize road traffic accidents in the Eastern Province 2014-2019. Recommendations
11. Recommendations
After studying the patterns and some major causes of accident the following recommendations
could be taken into consideration, so as to mitigate risks.
1. High school s and universities should introduce programs regarding traffic laws. Students
should be encouraged to learn traffic regulations.
2. Authorities issuing driving licenses should implement strict procedure of testing drivers
before issuing a driving license. Before a license is issued, it should be made sure that the
driver possesses required knowledge about traffic laws.
3. Government bodies should Alter the speed-limit and impose rigid punishments over
violations. Speed-limit alteration is needed as it is a major cause of crashes.
4. Drivers must ensure that tyres of vehicles are filled with appropriate amount of nitrogen
rather than normal air in the months of extreme temperatures. Nitrogen with air in tyres
lessens the probability of tyre bursts by maintaining the pressure inside in extreme
temperatures of the region.
5. Roads should be monitored more efficiently. Traffic authorities must enforce more
officers on roads. There is a need in making the present monitoring radars and cameras
more efficient and infallible.
6. Drivers must avoid distractions and usage of seat-belts should be encouraged. Prevention
is better than cure; drivers themselves must take precautions like avoiding mobile phones
while driving and using seat belts.
21Faisal Basheer #201301765Writing and Research_112
Title: Strategic plan to minimize road traffic accidents in the Eastern Province 2014-2019. Bibliography
12. Bibliography
1. Gharaibeh, E.S. & Abdo, A. M. A. (2011). Assessment of Traffic Safety and Awareness among
Youth in Al-Ahsa Region, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and
Applied Sciences (JETEAS), 2 (2), 210-215.
2. Burgut H.R., Bener A., Sidahmed H., Albuz R., Sanya R., Khan W.A. (2010). Risk factors
contributing to road traffic crashes in a fast-developing country: the neglected health problem.
Turkish Journal of Trauma & Emergency Surgery, 16 (6), 497-502.
3. Elshinnawey M.A., Fiala L.E., Abbas M.A.F., Othman N. (2008). Road Traffic Injuries in Saudi
Arabia, and Its Impact on the Working Population. Egypt Public Health Association, Vol.83,
l&2.
4. Ansari S., Akhdar F., Mandoorah M. & Moutaery K. (2000). Causes and effects of road traffic
accidents in Saudi Arabia. Public Health 114, 37-39.
5. Al-Twaijri S., Quddus M. & Bristow A. (2012). Analysing the Severity and Frequency of Traffic
Crashes in Riyadh City Using Statistical Models. International Journal of Transportation
Science and Technology 1(4), 351-364.
6. Barrimah I., Midhet F., & Sharaf F. (2012) Epidemiology of Road Traffic Injuries in Qassim
Region, Saudi Arabia: Consistency of Police and Health Data. International Journal of Health
Sciences 6(1), 31-41.
7. Ministry of Health Saudi Arabia (2012). Health Statistics Annual Book (H.1433), 159-160.
Retrieved from:http://www.moh.gov.sa/en/Ministry/Statistics/book/Documents/1433.pdf
8. Al-Naami M.Y., Arafah M.A. & Al-Ibrahim F.S. (2010). Trauma care systems in Saudi Arabia:
an agenda for action, Annual Saudi Medical Journal 30(1), 50–58.
9. Bener A., Abu-Zidan F.M., Bensiali A.K., Al-Mulla A.A. & Jadaan K.S. (2003). Strategy to
improve road safety in developing countries, Saudi Med Journal 24 (6), 603-608.
22Faisal Basheer #201301765Writing and Research_112
Title: Strategic plan to minimize road traffic accidents in the Eastern Province 2014-2019. Appendix
13. Appendix
Table 1:Martial status and involvement in RTAsSource: Burgut (2010)
Marital Status Involved in RTAs
Single 105
Married 222
TOTAL 327
Table 1 shows marital status of drivers involved in accidents.
Table 2:Household income and involvement in RTAsSource: Burgut (2010)
Household income involved in RTAs<5000 41
5000-9999 11110000-14999 80
>15000 95TOTAL 327
Table 2 shows the household of drivers who are involved in accidents.
Table 3: Following Speed LimitSource: Burgut (2010)
Do you follow speed limit? No. Of DriversAlways 241
If Radar/camera (sometimes) 77Never 9
TOTAL 327Table 3 shows the frequency of drivers involved in accidents and their compliance with speed limit.
Table 4 shows drivers involved in accidents and traffic violations made within a year.
23Faisal Basheer #201301765Writing and Research_112
Table 4:Traffic violations within a yearSource: Burgut (2010)
Traffic Violations within a year
No. Of Drivers
Yes 187No 140
TOTAL 327
Title: Strategic plan to minimize road traffic accidents in the Eastern Province 2014-2019. Appendix
Table 5:Frequency of accidents on basis of daysSource: Burgut(2010)
Day frequency of accidentsSaturday 41Sunday 53Monday 51Tuesday 51
Wednesday 59Thursday 48
Friday 24TOTAL 327
Table 5 shows the frequency of accidents on basis of days in a week.
Table 6:Accident location and frequency of accidentsSource: Burgut (2010)
Accident Location frequency of accidentsMain Road 73Crossroad 39Side Road 30
Roundabout 139Traffic Light 22
Alley 24TOTAL 327
Table 6 shows the frequency of accidents on various locations.
Table 7: Severity of Crashes Source: Burgut (2010)
Severity FrequencyMild 133
Moderate 136Severe 58
327Table 7 shows the severity of crashes and their relevant frequency.
24Faisal Basheer #201301765Writing and Research_112