Structures and Structures and OrganellesOrganelles

7.3

Cytoplasm and Cytoplasm and CytoskeletonCytoskeleton

Cytoplasm-semifluid materialprokaryotes- Chemical process occureukaryotes- Where organelles are found

Cytoskeleton- Support “net” for organellesmicrotubules and microfilaments

The NucleusThe NucleusThe “manager”

Contains most of cell’s DNA

Stores info used to make proteins for cell growth, function, and reproduction

Surrounded by the Nuclear Envelope

similar to plasma membrane

nuclear pores allow substances to move in and out

nucleolus- Site of ribosome production

RibosomesRibosomes

Help produce proteinsMade of RNA and proteinCan be bound in the Endoplasmic Reticulum

Endoplasmic Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)Reticulum (ER)

Membrane system of folded sacs and channelsSite for protein and lipid synthesisRough ER- where ribosomes attachSmooth ER- where lipids are synthesized

Golgi ApparatusGolgi Apparatus

The “shipping center” Flattened stack of membranespacks proteins into vesicles to bre released from the cell

VacuolesVacuoles

the “storage facility”stores food, waste, or enzymesAlways in Plant CellsNot Always in Animal cells

LysosomesLysosomes

The “custodians” digest excess organelles and/or food particlesalso digest bacteria and virusesonly in animal cells

CentriolesCentrioles

Groups of microtubulesfunction during cell divisionnot found in plant cells

MitochondriaMitochondria

The “power supply” or “powerhouse”converts sugar into usable energyhighly folded, for increased surface area

ChloroplastsChloroplasts

“solar panels”capture light energy and converts to chemical energy (photosynthesis)Filled with ChlorophyllFound in Plants

Cell WallCell Wall

Thick, rigid, mesh of fibers that surrounds the plasma membraneProtects cell and gives supportMade of celluloseFound in plants

Cilia and FlagellaCilia and FlagellaProject off of the plasma membraneSmall whiplike structure that aids in locomotionIn some animal cells