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Survey of PublicOpinion in Macedonia
September 29 – October 5, 2015
Detailed Methodology• The survey was conducted on behalf of the International Republican Institute’s Center for Insights in Survey
Research by the Brima market research firm (member of Taylor Nelson Sofres and Gallup International) under
the supervision of David Williams from Williams and Associates in Salem, Massachusetts.
• Data was collected from September 29 - October 5, 2015, using in-person, face-to-face methodology by
trained professional interviewers.
• A total of 1,106 interviews was completed yielding an overall margin of error of plus or minus three percent
at the midrange of the 95-percent confidence level. A nationally representative sample was based on a
multistage stratification proportionate to population sample distribution, with a random selection of
households and respondents. The refusal rate stands at 382 cases, out of which 71 refused to take part in the
survey due to resistance to political questions.
• The sample was prepared using the State Statistical Office data (2002 census results) for the population aged
18 and older, considering the structure of the population according to age, gender, education, type of
housing, national affiliation and region and updated according to estimates and primary information,
collected by Brima.
• Stratification was based on three stages: first, the number of respondents for each of the regions was
specified in proportion to the size of the population aged 18 and older that live in the region. Second, the
sampling plan consisted of 164 sampling points located according to urban/rural split, municipality size and
nationality diffusion. Third, the selection of households was based on random route method, whereby in
urban areas, every third household on the left-hand side of the street was selected. In rural areas, the wave-
wise approach is applied and the selected household is every fourth inhabited house/dwelling on both sides
of the interviewer’s route/track, counting from the first house on the left.
• The next birthday method was used to select respondents 18 years and older.
• Figures in charts and tables may not add to 100 percent due to rounding error.
• This poll was conducted with support from the United States Agency for International Development.
2
Citizens Remain Skeptical Parties Will Implement Przino Agreement
4
The Przino Agreement
In early 2015, a series of wiretapped phone conversations were released by the opposition Social
Democratic Party of Macedonia (SDSM) that implicated government officials in misconduct, including
the cover-up of the death of a young man by a police officer in 2011. The release of the wiretaps led
to large demonstrations and calls for the government’s resignation.
In June and July 2015, in an effort to reduce political tensions, the four largest Macedonian political
parties (the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization – Democratic Party for Macedonian
National Unity (VMRO-DPMNE), SDSM, the Democratic Union for Integration (DUI) and the Democratic
Party of Albanians (DPA)), under the auspices of European Union commissioner Johannes Hahn,
negotiated the so-called Przino Agreement. The agreement laid out the following steps:
• SDSM would return to parliament, which their members had been boycotting since;
• A special prosecutor would be appointed to investigate allegations resulting from the
wiretapping;
• SDSM would appoint ministers to the ministries of interior, labor and social policy;
• SDSM would have deputy ministers appointed to other ministries spelled out in the agreement;
• The current government would resign and would be replaced by a caretaker government in
January 2016; and
• Parliamentary elections would be held on April 24, 2016.
Is the Republic of Macedonia more or less stable today than it was one year ago?
5
33%
23%26%
26%
31%36%
23%
23% 21%
26%
33%30%
24%21%
22%
27% 25%
14%
19%
18%21%
23% 22%18%
16%
5%
18%16%
18%
12%
19%
19%17%
29%30%
35%
25%
17%
23%
24%
17% 19%
18%
20%
43%
26%
29% 28%33%
27%
31%
31%
58%
42%
49%
57%60%
53%
46%45%
47%46%
43%
46%47%46%
51%
60%58%
54% 54%
42%
54%53%
50%
43%45%
47%51%
35%38%
1% 2% 2% 3% 3% 3% 2% 1% 1% 2% 3% 2% 2% 2% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1%3%
5%4%
2%
2%
3%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
More Less Same Don't Know/Refused to Answer
How would you describe the current internal political situationin Macedonia?
6
50%
31%
26%23%
44%
53%54%
51%
56%
44%
28%
48%
42%40% 39%
44%
39%42%
15%
29%37%
53%
58%
61%
43%
36% 36%
38%
35% 43%
55%
41%
43%45% 45%
41%
46%
43%
61%
51%
9%12%
13% 13%10%
8% 7% 7% 6%10%
15%
9%
13% 13% 12%9%
12% 1…
23%
16%
5%
4% 3% 3% 3%
4%
3%
4% 3%
3% 2% 2% 3% 3%4%
6%
4% 4%2%
4%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Peaceful and Stable Intense and UncertainCritical and Unstable Don't Know/Refused to Answer
In your opinion, will the ongoing negotiations between the four parties lead to successful implementation of all aspects of the
Przino agreement?
7
33%
24%
29%
14%
Yes
No
I Am Not Familiar with This Issue
Don't Know/Refused to Answer
Do you support SDSM’s decision to return to Parliament?
8
67%
17%
16%
Yes
No
Don't Know/Refused to Answer
Recently, a special prosecutor, Katica Janeva, was appointed to investigate cases connected to the wiretapped conversations. Do you think that Ms. Janeva will be able to investigate these cases
independently and without obstruction?
9
33%
28%
22%
18%
Yes
No
I Am Not Familiar with This Issue
Don't Know/Refused to Answer
Have you heard the tapped phone conversations released by the opposition?
10
37%
38%
43%
40%
14%
14%
4%
4%
2%
4%
June 2015
October 2015
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Yes, I Have Heard Most of Them Yes, I Have Heard Some of Them
No, I Haven't, Though I Have Heard of Them No, I Haven't Heard of Them
Don't Know/Refused to Answer
65%
56%
15%
21%
21%
22%
June 2015
October 2015
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Yes No Don't Know/Refused to Answer
Do you think the recordings of tapped phone conversations are authentic?
June n=1,031; October n=1,015
11
10%
6%
48%
45%
33%
42%
9%
7%
June 2015
October 2015
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Yes, Improved My Opinion Yes, Worsened My Opinion
No, Did Not Affect My Opinion Don't Know/Refused to Answer
Did these phone conversations affect your opinion about the officials who allegedly took part in them?
June n=1,031; October n=1,015
12
Did these phone conversations affect your opinion about how well Macedonia is governed?
June n=1,031; October n=1,015
13
11%
5%
48%
44%
33%
43%
8%
8%
June 2015
October 2015
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Yes, Improved My Opinion Yes, Worsened My Opinion
No, Did Not Affect My Opinion Don't Know/Refused to Answer
According to you, who conducted these wiretaps?n=1,015
14
33%34%
1% 1%
31%
33%
37%
1%0%
28%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
The Administrationfor Security &
CounterIntelligence (UBK)
A Foreign SecrectService Agency
Both Other Don't Know/Refusedto Answer
June 2015 October 2015
Do you think your phone conversations…?
15
18%
15%
31%
35%
52%
50%
June 2015
October 2015
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Are not private and safe? That is, there is a possibility that my conversations are being listened toand/or recorded by a third party.
Are private and safe? That is, you and the other person in the conversation are the only ones aware ofthe conversation.
Don't Know/Refused to Answer
Concerned about State Institutions’ Ability to
Protect Elections
Do you think that state institutions are capable of sufficiently addressing any irregularities, should they occur, on Election Day?
17
39%
35%
17%
10%
Yes, They are Capable
No, They are Not SufficientlyCapable
No, They are Not Capable at All
Don't Know/Refused to Answer
If parliamentary elections were held today, how likely is it that you would vote?
18
49%
25%
6% 7%
10%
3%
49%
22%
6%8% 8%
6%
54%
20%
4%6%
10%
7%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Very Likely SomewhatLikely
SomewhatUnlikely
Very Unlikely I Will Not Vote Don'tKnow/Refused
to Answer
December 2014 June 2015 October 2015
If parliamentary elections were held today, how likely is it that you would vote?
By Age
19
39%
54%
67%
26%
19%
14%
6%
5%
3%
7%
7%
4%
14%
10%
7%
8%
6%
5%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
18-34 Years Old
35-54 Years Old
55+ Years Old
Very Likely Somewhat Likely Somewhat Unlikely
Very Unlikely Would Not Vote Don't Know/Refused to Answer
As you may know, a credible voter list should contain all eligible voters in the country and not have any ineligible or duplicate
voters in it. How confident are you in the credibility of the voter list in Macedonia?
20
12%
31%
27%
17%
13%
I Am Very Confident
I Am Somewhat Confident
I Am Not That Confident
I Am Not Confident at All
Don't Know/Refused to Answer
Do you think there are conditions in the country to hold free and fair elections?
21
29%
34%
15%
15%
7%
Definitely Yes
Probably Yes
Probably No
Definitely No
Don't Know/Refused to Answer
Do you believe that your vote on election day is secret? In May 2014 the question was phrased “Do you believe that even though voting on
Election Day was secret some political party knows who you voted for?”
22
69%
39%
66%71%
62%
23%
49%
27%
22%
31%
8%
13%
7% 7% 7%
Feb-14 May-14 Sep-14 Dec-14 Oct-15
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Yes No Don't Know/Refused to Answer
Who do you think violates the secrecy of your vote?
Those who think that their vote on election day is not secret, n=341
23
13%
6%
1%
6%
1%
6%
6%
19%
43%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
Don't Know
Refused to Answer
The Police
State Election Commission
DPA
DUI
VMRO-DPNME
The Government
Political Parties, All of Them
Have you, a member of your family, or someone you personally know ever been subjected to pressure such as force, threats, vote
buying or other illegal means to vote in a particular way? In Feb. 2014 responses refer to 2011, 2013 and 2014 elections
In May 2014 responses refer to 2014 elections
24
18%
3%
72%
7%
17%
5%
75%
3%
15%
7%
72%
7%
18%
4%
74%
4%
24%
5%
67%
5%
19%
5%
71%
5%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
I Personally Know PeopleWho Were Subjected to
Pressure
I Was Personally Subjectedto Pressure
I Was Neither Subjected toPressure nor Know People
Who Were
Don't Know/Refused toAnswer
February 2014 May 2014 September 2014
December 2014 June 2015 October 2015
Which institution do you think is most responsible to ensure that the elections will be free, democratic and with no irregularities?
25
11%
2%
11%
20%
25%
33%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%
Don't Know/Refused to Answer
The Judiciary
Political Parties
The Government
Ministry of Internal Affairs/Police
State Election Commission
Do you know how to check whether you are on the voter's list?
26
40%
56%
4%
Yes
No
Don't Know/Refused to Answer
Have you ever checked your status on the list?Those who know how to check the voter list, n=447
27
18%
31%
10%
38%
3%
1%
Yes, I Have Checked it Online
Yes, I Have Checked it in Person
Yes, I Have Checked it Another Way
No
I Don't Remember
Don't Know/Refused to Answer
Some people have proposed that before a voter is issued a ballot paper in the polling station, the election board should record the
voter’s fingerprints to confirm his or her identity. What is your opinion on this?
28
31%
30%
12%
9%
17%
I Strongly Support This
I Somewhat Support This
I Somewhat Oppose This
I Strongly Oppose This
Don't Know/Refused to Answer
Some people have proposed that Macedonia should change to a system where voters would have to go to an appropriate facility to register themselves to vote. In your opinion, should we keep the
current system or should we change to this new system?
29
Note: The current system automatically adds all Macedonian citizens to the voter list if they have housing within Macedonian territory and a Macedonian I.D. card or passport.
30%
24%18%
11%
17%
Definitely Keep the Current System
Probably Keep the Current System
Probably Change to This New System
Definitely Change to This New System
Don't Know/Refused to Answer
According to you, to what degree do the following institutions, through their work and activities, contribute to solving problems
in our country?
30
19%
22%
21%
17%
15%
14%
22%
19%
21%
15%
20%
21%
16%
26%
18%
16%
21%
17%
17%
17%
19%
18%
23%
21%
21%
22%
20%
23%
18%
25%
19%
20%
23%
18%
18%
22%
18%
22%
19%
20%
19%
23%
22%
23%
24%
19%
27%
23%
22%
24%
26%
28%
24%
27%
21%
23%
19%
23%
23%
20%
21%
16%
23%
21%
9%
15%
15%
11%
8%
8%
8%
7%
9%
8%
10%
8%
5%
5%
8%
7%
5%
4%
4%
6%
16%
11%
7%
10%
11%
9%
5%
5%
16%
9%
5%
13%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
The Assembly
The President
The Government
Ministries
Custom Administration
Cadastre of Real Estates and Land Registry
Courts
Public Prosecution
State Commission for Preventing Corruption
Public Enterprises
Bodies of Local Administration
Political Parties
Civic Associations
Labor Unions
Media
State Election Commission
Not Contribute at All Do Not Contribute Neither Contribute nor Not Contribute
They Contribute They Contribute Greatly Don't Know/Refused to Answer
To what degree did you trust the following according to their actions in the last 12 months?
31
24%
24%
26%
20%
19%
18%
25%
23%
25%
18%
23%
27%
17%
26%
19%
20%
23%
16%
19%
21%
22%
17%
24%
24%
23%
20%
22%
25%
22%
26%
22%
22%
26%
18%
21%
29%
27%
27%
25%
25%
27%
33%
26%
30%
29%
26%
36%
27%
19%
25%
23%
22%
18%
25%
18%
17%
15%
20%
20%
13%
17%
12%
19%
18%
4%
13%
9%
4%
3%
4%
2%
2%
3%
2%
6%
2%
2%
2%
2%
3%
4%
3%
3%
4%
12%
10%
6%
10%
8%
7%
4%
3%
14%
9%
3%
10%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
The Assembly
The President
The Government
Ministries
Custom Administration
Cadastre of Real Estates and Land Registry
Courts
Public Prosecution
State Commission for Preventing…
Public Enterprises
Bodies of Local Administration
Political Parties
Civic Associations
Labor Unions
Media
State Election Commission
I Have No Trust at All I Have No Trust I Neither Trust nor Distrust Them
I Trust Them I Fully Trust Them Don't Know/Refused to Answer
Anticipating Elections,Citizens Most Concerned
about Bread and Butter Issues
In your opinion, what are the two most serious problems facing Macedonia today?
Open-Ended
33
Issue First Second Total
Unemployment 41% 15% 56%
Poverty, Low Standard of Living, Problems of
Common People13% 17% 30%
Low/Non Payment of Salary or Pension 6% 12% 18%
Economic and Financial Crises 9% 8% 17%
General Political Situation 5% 7% 12%
Corruption 3% 5% 8%
High Prices 2% 6% 8%
Name of the Country 3% 2% 5%
Poor Performance of the Current Government 2% 3% 5%
Crime 2% 3% 5%
Low Prices for Agricultural Products 2% 2% 4%
Security Crises, Peace/Stability, War, Terrorism 1% 2% 3%
Entrance into NATO/European Union 1% 2% 3%
Emigration of Youth 1% 2% 3%
Interethnic Relations/Conflicts 1% 1% 2%
If you could have only one or the other, which is more important to you: a democratic system of government or a prosperous
economy?
34
38%
15%16%
22%
9%
41%
14% 15%
25%
6%
28%
13%
20%
32%
7%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
Democracy isDefinitely MoreImportant to Me
Democracy isSomewhat MoreImportant to Me
Prosperity isSomewhat MoreImportant to Me
Prosperity isDefinitely MoreImportant to Me
Don't Know/Refusedto Answer
December 2014 June 2015 October 2015
In your opinion, has unemployment increased or decreased over the last year?
35
58%
54%50%
53%
61%
71%
76%75%
72%71%74% 75%
71%
67%
52%
44%46%
55%
50%46%
30%
38% 37%34%
29%
23%
17% 19%21% 21%
19% 19%24%
27%39%
43%42%
35%
39%
45%
12%8%
13% 13% 10%
6% 7% 7% 7% 8% 7% 5% 6% 7%9%
13% 12%10% 11%
9%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
Increased Decreased Don't Know/Refused to Answer
Overall, is Macedonia moving in the right or wrong direction?
36
27%
22%
28%
23%
30%
34%
29% 29% 28%
38%
34%
32%
25% 24%26%
29% 31%
23%
19%22%
27%
31%
39%
36%
29%
23%24%
38%
43%
31%
36%
31%
27%
32%
33%33%
28%
31%33%
36%
38%
40%
29%32%
45%43%
48%
44%
41%
33%
39%39%
48% 48%
33%
33%
37%38%
36%35% 36% 36% 37%
32%
33%33%
38%
36%32%
40%
35%
31%
36% 30%
27%
26% 27%
24%
31%28%
26%
2% 2%4%
3% 3%4% 3% 3%
1% 2% 3% 2% 1%3% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 1%
2% 2% 2% 1% 2% 1%2%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Right Direction Wrong Direction Neutral Don't Know/Refused to Answer
According to you, does the government have an effective plan to address the economic problems Macedonia is facing?
37
41% 40%38% 38% 38%
34%32%
37% 36% 37%
45%
34%
38%
33%32%
42%
46%
49% 49% 49%
56%59%
56%
51% 50%
42%
52%50%
58% 57%
18%
14%13%
13% 13%
10% 10%8%
13% 12%13% 14% 12%
9%11%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Yes No Don't Know/Refused to Answer
How is your family’s economic situation compared with one year ago?
38
14%
13% 13%
17%
20%
18%15%
20%
18%20% 21%
16%
12%14%
16%
13% 13%11%
14% 13% 14%15% 16%
14% 13% 14%
52%
48%
43%
43%
37% 37%38%
33%32% 32%
35%
42%44% 43%
41%42%
45% 46%
42%44%
34%
32%30%
32%
35%
33%
34%
39%
43%
40%
42%
45% 46% 45%
50%48%
44%42%
44%43% 44%
45%
43% 43%
44%43%
51%
53% 54% 54%
51%52%
0%<1%<1% 1% 1% 1% <1% 1% 0% 0% <1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 1% <1% 1% 0%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Much or Somewhat Better Much or Somewhat Worse
Same Don't Know/Refused to Answer
In the next two years, will the Macedonian economy get better, get worse or stay the same?
39
32%
49%
42%39%
44%
38%
44%
38%
50%
43%
33%
29%
31%
30%
31%
34%
29%
23%
28%
25%25% 26%
21%23%
19%
20%
30%
29%
34%36%
33% 33%32%
35%
29%
36%
29%
30%
29%
30%
37%
30% 32%
36%
34%
34%
40% 40%
44% 43% 43%
39%
30%
13%
17% 18%
15%
21%
18% 19%
15%15%
31%
37%35% 35%
28%30%
35%37%
33%
35%
30%29% 29% 29% 29%
33%
8% 9% 8% 8% 8% 8%7%
9%6% 6% 7%
4% 5% 5% 4% 5%4% 4% 4% 6%
5% 6%7%
5%
9% 9%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Better Same Worse Don't Know/Refused to Answer
Using the scale in Macedonian schools, from one to five (one being the least important and five being the most important), how
important is each of these issues in your daily life?
40
3.92
4.62 4.64 4.68 4.78 4.82 4.83 4.84
3.78
4.64 4.64.77 4.77 4.73 4.82
4.54
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
EUMembership
PoliticalStability
ReducingCorruption
Lower Taxes Employment Lower Prices Security Higher Wages
June 2015 October 2015
Speaking personally, is your overall quality of life…?
41
14%
18%16% 16% 23%
18%
14% 19%22% 20%
19%
15%13%
16% 16%14%
17%
13%15%
13%
17%15%
13% 12%11%
14%
43%
48%51% 50%
49% 49%
52%
49%
54%53%
48%
50%
49% 48%
50%48%
45%
47%
47%
48%51%
53%
47%
53% 52%
50%
43%
33% 33%
33%
28%
33%
34%
31%
24%26%
32%
35%
37%
36%
33%
37%38%
40%
37%
39%
31%32%
38%
34%
37%
36%
1% 1% <1% 1% 1% 1% <1% 1% <1% 1% 1% <1% 1% 0% 1% <1% 0%<1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% <1% <1% 1%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Getting Better Staying the Same Getting Worse Don't Know/Refused to Answer
Do you think that free speech and the free expression of ideas exists in Macedonia today?
42
48%49%
48% 48%
42%
45%
38%
44%46% 47% 46%
43%
49%48%
55%
51%
6%4%
6%9% 10%
7% 7%5%
Dec-10 Nov-12 Feb-14 May-14 Sep-14 Dec-14 Jun-15 Oct-15
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Yes No Don't Know/Refused to Answer
Voter Attitudes and Participation
How, according to your opinion, could members of Parliament more effectively perform their jobs?
Multiple Responses
44
14%
15%
15%
27%
28%
33%
32%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%
Don't Know/No Answer
By Improving Their Presentation and Public Speaking Skills
Through Oversight of the Government
By Working Together Across Party Lines on Issues of Great Importance
Through Well-Grounded and Informed Debates in Parliament
By Being More Independent from Their Party Leadership
By Communicating More Often with Citizens and Nongovernmental Organizations
By Communicating More
Often with Citizens and
Nongovernmental
Organizations
By Being More Independent
from Their Party Leadership
Through Well-Grounded and
Informed Debates in
Parliament
By Working Together Across
Party Lines on Issues of
Great Importance
Through Oversight of the
Government
By Improving Their
Presentation and Public
Speaking Skills
Don't Know/Refused to
Answer
Is this government seeking to solve the corruption problem?
45
41%43% 42%
41%42%
29%
31%
17%
19% 19%
24% 24%
19% 19%
34%33%
35%
31%
29%
43% 43%
4%3%
2%
5%6%
9%
7%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
2011 2012 2013 Feb-14 Dec-14 Jun-15 Oct-15
Definitely/Probably Yes Neither
Definitely/Probably No Don't Know/Refused to Answer
Has Prime Minister Nikola Gruevski done his job well enough to deserve re-election?
46
59%
61%
54%
56%54%
66%
61% 61%
51%
45%47%
45% 43%42%
39%
36%39%
41%
44%
40% 37%
32%
35%
23%24%
30%
27%
33%
22%
27%
25%
38%
40% 39%
31%
40%
48% 48%
53%
44%46%
38%
45%48%
55%
52%
18%15% 16%
17%
14%
12%
12%
15%
11%
15%
14%
23% 17%
11%
13%
11%
17%
13%
18%15%15% 13% 13%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Yes No Don't Know/Refused to Answer
In your opinion, how can parties improve their candidate selection for Parliament?
Ranked Lowest to Highest
47
19%
28%
53%
42%
35%
23%
38%
38%
24%
ImprovingInternal PartyProcedures on
CandidateNomination
IntroducingOpen Party
Lists
Include MoreWomen
Candidates
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
First Second Third
Include More
Women
Candidates
Introducing Open
Party Lists
Improving
Internal Party
Procedures on
Candidate
Nomination
To what level do you agree with the statement? “Government advertising in the media
negatively affects press freedom.”
48
24%
15%
18%
22%
25%
18%
14%
17%
21%
16%
31%
36%
32%
26%
26%
9%
11%
9%
10%
9%
9%
11%
7%
8%
9%
8%
13%
16%
14%
15%
February 2014
May 2014
September 2014
December 2014
October 2015
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Completely Agree Somewhat Agree Neither Agree nor Disagree
Somewhat Disagree Completely Disagree Don't Know/Refused to Answer
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? “Politicians do not listen to the needs and ideas of young people.”
49
69%
23%
8%
68%
24%
8%
63%
29%
7%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Agree Disagree Don't Know/Refused to Answer
December 2014 June 2015 October 2015
If there are two candidates running for office and they have the same qualifications aside from the fact that one is a man and one
is a woman, which candidate are you more likely to support?
50
16%
23%
59%
2%
12%
19%
69%
1%
14%17%
66%
3%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Man Woman Makes No Difference to Me Don't Know/Refused toAnswer
December 2014 June 2015 October 2015
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? “Politicians do not listen to the needs and ideas of women.”
51
52%
36%
12%
50%
37%
14%
49%
39%
12%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Agree Disagree Don't Know/Refused to Answer
December 2014 June 2015 October 2015
Did you, or a member of your family, have any experience with the courts within the last 12 months (as a witness, party in a case,
filed a complaint or any other business in the courts)?
52
18%20% 21%
17%
28%
23%25% 26% 24% 23%
14%18%
11%
76%79% 78%
81%
69%72%
70%73%
75% 77%
84%
78%
82%
6%
1% 2% 2% 3%5% 5%
1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 3%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Feb-14 Sep-14 Oct-15
Yes No Don't Know/Refused to Answer
Do you think the courts in Macedonia resolve cases in a timely manner?
53
3%
2%
4%
2%
2%
2%
4%
5%
4%
5%
5%
2%
16%
18%
21%
23%
7%
11%
16%
22%
17%
17%
16%
13%
22%
25%
18%
19%
20%
23%
25%
20%
20%
22%
24%
23%
43%
30%
30%
29%
26%
22%
21%
22%
56%
54%
46%
48%
21%
23%
28%
22%
29%
20%
22%
31%
1%
1%
2%
5%
5%
5%
5%
5%
9%
4%
4%
4%
12%
12%
11%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
February 2014
September 2014
October 2015
Definitely Yes Rather Yes Neither Yes Nor No Rather No
Definitely No Refused to Answer Don't Know
Are all citizens equally treated under the court procedures and in deciding cases?
54
12%
5%
5%
5%
5%
4%
4%
4%
3%
2%
5%
5%
4%
7%
3%
3%
25%
21%
23%
20%
18%
14%
15%
25%
12%
10%
15%
18%
16%
15%
16%
14%
21%
28%
17%
20%
19%
21%
24%
18%
23%
33%
26%
22%
22%
25%
31%
23%
40%
27%
26%
30%
24%
25%
25%
24%
31%
33%
41%
44%
50%
49%
42%
42%
19%
22%
33%
25%
35%
21%
21%
31%
1%
1%
1%
9%
9%
6%
9%
6%
8%
8%
7%
5%
11%
4%
3%
2%
10%
11%
10%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
February 2014
September 2014
October 2015
Yes, Definitely Equal In General They Are Equally TreatedMore or Less Not Treated EquallyNot Treated Equally at All Refused to AnswerDon't Know
What is the main reason for unequal treatment?Those who believe citizens are not treated equally, n=607
55
1%
3%
9%
9%
29%
46%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
Gender
Religion
Don't Know/No Answer
Ethnicity
Economic/Social
Political
What is the main reason for unequal treatment? Those who believe citizens are not treated equally, n=607
56
13%
3%
13%
41%
30%
6%
5%
11%
54%
24%
1%
5%
5%
15%
35%
40%
3%
1%
1%
6%
18%
26%
1%
1%
1%
2%
3%
5%
5%
11%
31%
39%
1%
1%
2%
1%
3%
7%
1%
9%
29%
46%
Gender
Other
Connections/Friends
Refused to Answer
Religious
Don't Know
Corruption/Bribes/Money
Ethnic
Economic/Social
Political
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
October 2015 September 2014 2012 2008 2006 2003
According to you, to what extent are the courts susceptible to political influence in deciding court cases?
57
29%
25%
23%
27%
37%
36%
34%
34%
19%
17%
24%
25%
29%
18%
20%
22%
36%
41%
30%
29%
28%
28%
27%
32%
51%
43%
40%
41%
35%
35%
31%
33%
18%
20%
17%
20%
22%
22%
22%
18%
20%
15%
28%
28%
22%
21%
21%
24%
4%
7%
10%
9%
9%
9%
8%
8%
5%
4%
5%
5%
4%
3%
5%
4%
1%
2%
5%
3%
3%
4%
2%
5%
2%
2%
2%
10%
15%
13%
11%
9%
12%
13%
7%
7%
12%
5%
3%
3%
10%
15%
12%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
February 2014
September 2014
October 2015
Fully Susceptible Rather Susceptible
Neither Susceptible Nor Unsusceptible Rather Unsusceptible
Not Susceptible at All Refused to Answer
Don't Know
Do you think that all citizens have equal opportunities to access courts in order to exercise their rights?
58
6%
12%
10%
10%
13%
7%
8%
17%
23%
25%
25%
19%
18%
17%
28%
18%
19%
19%
23%
23%
20%
28%
25%
25%
22%
22%
21%
25%
14%
19%
18%
21%
13%
18%
19%
2%
3%
2%
7%
3%
3%
3%
7%
10%
10%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
2010
2011
2012
2013
February 2014
September 2014
October 2015
They Absolutely Have Equal Opportunities In General They Have Equal OpportunitiesNeither Yes nor No In General They Have Unequal OpportunitiesThey Do Not Have Equal Opportunities Refused to AnswerDon't Know
What is the main reason for unequal access to the courts?Those who do not believe all citizens have equal access to courts, n=461
59
1%
7%
7%
8%
10%
30%
32%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%
Physical Barriers (Distance) of the Courts
Don't Know/No Answer
Lack of Information on How Courts Operate
Lack of Information on How to File a Case
Low Level of Legal Culture of Citizens
Financial Reasons (Court Fees/Lawyer Fees)
Political ReasonsPolitical Reasons
Financial Reasons
(Court Fees/Lawyer
Fees)
Low Level of Legal
Culture of Citizens
Lack of Information on
How to File a Case
Lack of Information on
How Courts Operate
Don't Know/No Answer
Physical Barriers
(Distance) of the Courts
What is the main reason for unequal access to the courts?Those who do not believe all citizens have equal access to courts, n=461
60
2%
1%
4%
9%
7%
4%
18%
2%
1%
7%
3%
7%
6%
18%
3%
1%
6%
16%
4%
1%
5%
3%
6%
22%
3%
2%
4%
6%
8%
11%
31%
32%
1%
2%
1%
8%
7%
7%
10%
32%
30%
Connections
Other
Bribes
Physical Barriers (Distance) of the Courts
Lack of Information on How to File a Case
Don't Know/Refused to Answer
Lack of Information on How Courts Operate
Low Level of Legal Culture of Citizens
Political Reasons
Financial Reasons (Court Fees/Lawyer Fees)
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%
October 2015 September 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010
To what degree do you think corruption is spread in…
61
2%
8%
25%
6%
4%
2%
10%
2%
4%
8%
6%
7%
2%
14%
7%
4%
5%
3%
8%
15%
13%
14%
14%
12%
14%
12%
12%
14%
17%
17%
10%
16%
15%
16%
15%
15%
29%
32%
21%
26%
36%
32%
31%
31%
34%
28%
34%
32%
34%
25%
29%
34%
35%
33%
51%
28%
5%
39%
33%
36%
25%
45%
33%
28%
27%
30%
42%
18%
27%
32%
34%
42%
10%
18%
20%
15%
13%
18%
21%
11%
16%
22%
17%
14%
13%
28%
22%
14%
11%
7%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
The Republic of Macedonia
The Assembly of Macedonia
The Presidency
The Government
The Various Ministries
The Customs Administration
Cadaster of Real Estate and Land Registry
The Courts
Public Prosecution
Commission for Preventing Corruption
Public Enterprises
Local Administration
Political Parties
Civic Associations
Labor Unions
The Media
Education Institutions
Health Institutions
There Is No Corruption There Is a Low Level of Corruption
There Is an Average Level of Corruption Corruption Is Widespread
Don't Know/Refused to Answer
1%
2%
3%
6%
3%
4%
10%
5%
18%
22%
25%
1%
2%
3%
3%
3%
6%
6%
8%
13%
16%
39%
I would report him/her to the local self-government
I would report him/her to the office of theOmbudsman
I would report him/her to the public prosecution
I would pay and not say anything
I would report him/her to the media
I would report him/her through an anonymousphone call
Don't Know/Refused to Answer
I would report him/her to the SCPC*
Depends on the circumstances
I would not pay and I would not do anythingabout it
I would report him/her to the police
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
December 2014 October 2015
If someone demanded a bribe from you in order to complete something of great importance, what would you do?
62*State Commission for Prevention of Corruption
In your interactions with public officials over the past year, how often did you give cash (money) or a gift to, or do a favor for, the
civil servant?
63
2%
4%
8%
43%
33%
9%
In All Cases
In Most Cases
In Isolated Cases
Not in Any Case
No Contact in past Year with Civil Servant
Don't Know/Refused to Answer
Which of the following statements best describe your knowledge about nongovernmental organizations or citizens’ associations in
your community?
64
3%
5%
4%
5%
5%
5%
4%
6%
8%
8%
30%
39%
34%
29%
22%
29%
26%
18%
21%
22%
18%
22%
30%
35%
44%
41%
41%
26%
31%
29%
5%
34%
31%
32%
28%
25%
29%
50%
41%
41%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
February 2014
September 2014
October 2015
I Am Very Well Informed about What They Do and the Services They OfferI Am Informed about What They Do and the Services They OfferI Am Not Informed about What They Do and the Services They OfferI Am Not Informed about Any NGOs or Similar Groups in My Community
According to you, what is the motivation (principal reason) that citizens in Macedonia become members of citizens’ associations
(NGO)?
65
24%
2%
5%
4%
4%
6%
9%
15%
32%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40%
Don't Know/No Answer
In Order to Improve Their Knowledge
In Order to Influence National or Local Policies
In Order to Be Social
Because They Have a Considerable Amount of Free Time
In Order to Realize the Program Goals of the NGO
In Order to Help Other People
In Order to Solve a Concrete Problem or Need
Because of Their Personal InterestsBecause of Their Personal Interests
In Order to Solve a Concrete Problem or Need
In Order to Help Other People
In Order to Realize the Program Goals of the
NGO
Because They Have a Considerable Amount of
Free Time
In Order to Be Social
In Order to Influence National or Local Policies
In Order to Improve Their Knowledge
Don't Know
To what degree are you motivated to engage in activities of citizens’ associations on issues you consider to be of social
importance?
66
17%
43%
48%
45%
55%
43%
50%
41%
26%
22%
27%
17%
17%
16%
20%
20%
22%
20%
15%
19%
16%
6%
5%
6%
6%
4%
5%
4%
16%
6%
5%
1%
10%
16%
14%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
2010
2011
2012
2013
February 2014
September 2014
October 2015
I Am Not Motivated at All I Am Not Motivated Enough
I Am Motivated Enough I Am Fully Motivated
Don't Know/Refused to Answer
What is the main reason you are motivated to engage in NGO activities?
Those Who Engage with NGOs, n=222
67
1%
3%
2%
2%
3%
2%
4%
10%
4%
4%
6%
10%
11%
13%
15%
16%
21%
8%
1%
9%
4%
8%
5%
18%
22%
26%
Don't Know/No Answer
Because I Have a Considerable Amount of Free Time
In Order to Realize the Program Goals of the NGO
In Order to Be Social
In Order to Influence National or Local Policies
In Order to Improve My Knowledge
Because of My Personal Interests
In Order to Help Other People
In Order to Solve a Concrete Problem or Need
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%
October 2015 September 2014 September/October 2013
In Order to Solve a Concrete
Problem or Need
In Order to Help Other People
Because of My Personal Interests
In Order to Improve My
Knowledge
In Order to Influence National or
Local Policies
In Order to Be Social
In Order to Realize the Program
Goals of the NGO
Because I Have a Considerable
Amount of Free Time
Don't Know/Refused to Answer
What is the main reason you are not motivated to engage in NGO activities?
Those Who Do Not Engage with NGOs, n=732
68
1%
3%
1%
5%
11%
13%
14%
1%
23%
5%
1%
1%
2%
2%
6%
11%
16%
18%
19%
21%
6%
1%
1%
1%
2%
9%
12%
19%
20%
3%
27%
Don't Know/No Answer
Other
No Time
Older Person/Health Issues
I Am Afraid of the Consequences
I Know They Will Not Hear Me Out
It Would Be a Waste of Time
It 's Not My Business
I Don't Believe Anything Will Be Changed
I Don't Have a Specific Reason
Personal Indifference
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%
October 2015 September 2014 September/October 2013
Personal Indifference
I Don't Have a Specific Reason
I Don't Believe Anything Will Be
Changed
It's Not My Business
It Would Be a Waste of Time
I Know They Will Not Hear Me
Out
I Am Afraid of the Consequences
Older Person/Health Issues
No Time
Other
Don't Know/Refused to Answer
14%
24%
1%
4%
6%
6%
3%
8%
86%
76%
99%
97%
94%
94%
97%
92%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Donating Money
Donating Goods
In-Kind Donations
Providing Free Professional Services
Participating as a Citizen Volunteer
Participating in Online Activities/Initiatives
Participating in Advocacy or Oversight Activities
Attending an Event or Activity by an NGO
Please indicate if you have personally supported NGO activities in the last 12 months in any of the following ways.
October 2015
69
17%
25%
4%
6%
7%
8%
5%
9%
83%
75%
96%
94%
93%
92%
95%
91%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Donating Money
Donating Goods
In-Kind Donations
Providing Free Professional Services
Participating as a Citizen Volunteer
Participating in Online Activities/Initiatives
Participating in Advocacy or Oversight Activities
Attending an Event or Activity by an NGO
September 2014
Yes No
In which area is the NGO activity that you have supported?
70
1%
1%
4%
11%
80%
5%
28%
66%
1%
1%
1%
1%
3%
11%
83%
Education
Youth and Sports
Other
Charity
Red Cross
I Have Supported But IDon't Remember the
Name
Have Not Supported
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
October 2015 September 2014 February 2014
Have you engaged in activities to address a social or community problem in the last 12 months? (e.g. participated in a protest,
filed a complaint, initiated or supported an online petition, etc.)
71
15%10% 10% 8% 6%
11%
85%90% 90% 92% 94%
89%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2011 2012 2013 Feb-14 Sep-14 Oct-15
Yes No
Euro-Atlantic Integration and Other Issue Attitudes
Do you support Macedonia becoming a member of the EU?
73
96%97%96%96%94%95%96%94%
96%94%93%92%
95%93%
96%94%92%90%
87%84%
76%72%72%
76%
80%
72%
3% 3% 2% 4% 4% 4% 3%5%
3% 4% 5% 7%4%
6%4%
6%7% 9% 9%
12%
19%20%23%
20%
14%
22%
2% 1% 2% 0% 2% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1%
1%1% 4%
4% 6% 8%5% 4% 6% 6%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Yes No Don't Know/Refused to Answer
Do you think Macedonia is closer to EU entry today, or was it closer when it got its EU candidate member status?
74
32%
39%
32%
28%
21%25%
45%
34%
43%44%
51%50%
23%
27%25%
28%
28%
26%
Feb-14 May-14 Sep-14 Dec-14 Jun-15 Oct-15
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Closer Today
When It Got the Status of EU Candidate Country
Don't Know/Refused to Answer
In how many years do you think Macedonia will become a member of the EU?
75
16%
11%
23%
26%
25%
14%
18%
27%
25%
16%
Don't Know No Answer
Never
More Than 10
6-10
1-5
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%
October 2015 June 2015
1-5
6-10
More Than 10
Never
Don't Know/Refused
to Answer
According to you, what is the reason for the slowdown in Macedonia's EU integration?
76Note: The Government/Prime Minister response was not an option for respondents in the June 2015 poll.
0%
1%
10%
15%
28%
45%
2%
N/A
11%
16%
23%
48%
Other
Government/Prime Minister
Don't Know/NoAnswer
New ConditionsSet by the EU
Lack of DomesticReforms
The Name Issue
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
June 2015 October 2015
The Name Issue
Lack of Domestic
Reforms
New Conditions Set
by the EU
Don't Know/Refused
to Answer
Government/ Prime
Minister
Other
Taking everything into account, would you say that Macedonia would benefit or not benefit from being a member of EU?
77
62%
29%
9%
Would Benefit
Would Not Benefit
Don't Know/Refused to Answer
Generally speaking, do you think that Macedonia’s membership in the European Economic Area is a good thing or a bad thing?
78
54%
15%
25%
6%
Good Thing
Bad Thing
Neither Good Nor Bad
Don't Know/Refused to Answer
Do you support Macedonia becoming a member of NATO?
79
90%
89% 89% 90% 89%91% 91%
89%92% 90% 90% 89%
94% 92%94%
91%89% 89%
91%
87%85%
78% 77%
83% 83%
74%
7%8% 8% 7% 9%7% 7% 8%
5%8% 8% 9%
6% 7%5%
8%10% 10%
6%9%
11%
16% 15%13% 12%
19%
3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 2% 2%4% 3%
2% 2% 2%1% 1% 1%1% 2% 2%3%
4%4%
6%7%
4% 5%7%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Yes No Don't Know/Refused to Answer
Given its capacities, how do you feel the Macedonian government is handling the current refugee crisis?
80
12%
7%
16%
11%
34%
21%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%
Don't Know/Refused to Answer
I'm Not Aware of the Refugee Crisis
It's Not Providing Sufficient Support
It's Providing Some Support but Needs to Do More
It's Providing Sufficient Support
It's Providing Too Much Support
The Government is
Providing Too Much
Support
The Government is
Providing Sufficient
Support
The Government is
Providing Some Support
but Needs to Do More
The Government is Not
Providing Sufficient
Support
I'm Not Aware of the
Refugee Crisis
Don't Know/Refused to
Answer
In your opinion, how is the EU’s handling of the refugee crisis affecting Macedonia?
81
16%
46%
21%
17%
Positively
Negatively
It Has No Effect
Don't Know/Refused to Answer
Do you think climate change will affect you or your family in some way?
82
39%
27%
18%
5%
4%
6%
Definitely Yes
Probably Yes
Maybe Yes, Maybe No
Probably No
Definitely No
Don't Know/Refused to Answer
In your view, is climate change having any impact on the region(within Macedonia) where you live?
83
84% 84%81%
72% 72%
13% 14%12%
19%21%
3% 2%
7%9%
7%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
2012 2013 February 2014 September 2014 October 2015
Yes No Don't Know/Refused to Answer
How important is it, in your view, to take collective action to reduce any negative impacts arising from climate change ?
84
56%
54%
51%
42%
40%
32%
34%
29%
30%
34%
8%
7%
10%
14%
14%
3%
2%
3%
3%
3%
1%
2%
2%
2%
4%
1%
1%
4%
8%
5%
2012
2013
February 2014
September 2014
October 2015
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Definitely Important Rather Important
Neither Important nor Unimportant Rather Unimportant
Definitely Unimportant Don't Know/Refused to Answer
Sources of Information
What is your primary source of political news?
Multiple Responses
86
84%
10%
16%
21%
5%
25%
90%
5%
12%15%
2%
19%
90%
4%
13%18%
3%
23%
87%
7%
16%
23%
4%
23%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Television Radio Print Media Family/Friends
Political Parties Internet/Web Pages
September 2014 December 2014 June 2015 October 2015
Which television station do you watch most often for political news?
87
2%
1%
2%
3%
5%
6%
10%
12%
13%
24%
23%
1%
1%
1%
1%
3%
4%
4%
10%
12%
15%
24%
25%
Don't Know/Refused to Answer
Other
Local TV Station
MTV (Albanian Language)
Alfa
MTV (Macedonian Language)
Do Not Watch TV
Telma
24 Vesti
Kanal 5
AlsatM
SITEL
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%
June 2015 October 2015
Which daily newspaper do you read most often for political news?
88
2%
1%
2%
4%
4%
6%
7%
9%
63%
1%
1%
2%
2%
4%
4%
5%
7%
8%
67%
Don't Know/Refused toAnswer
Nova Makedonija
Utrinski Vesnik
Vecer
Sloboden Pecat
Lajme
Vest
Dnevnik
Koha
Do Not Read Newspapers
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
June 2015 October 2015
Which weekly newspaper do you read most often for political news?
89
4%
1%
3%
5%
87%
3%
1%
2%
5%
90%
Don't Know/Refused to Answer
Kapital
Republika
Fokus
Do Not Read Weekly Newspapers
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
June 2015 October 2015
Which Internet news portal/website do you read most often for political news?
Open-ended; Spontaneous First Mention; n=272
90
1%1%1%1%1%1%1%1%1%1%1%1%1%1%2%2%2%2%2%2%
3%3%3%3%4%
5%6%
10%10%
22%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%
ALSATIDIVIDI
Puls 24DNEVNIKTETOVA1
VESTBRIF
Dozaz.mkVesti
STRUGALAJMLIBERTAS
GridKANAL 5PRES24
TELEGRAFA1ONSITEL
REPUBLIKALAJM
VECEROhridnews
TockaZurnal.com
+INFOOther
24 VESTIPORTALB.MK
KURIRTime.mk
Demographics
Demographics
2%
1%
4%
4%
25%
64%
16%
15%
18%
18%
20%
13%
50%
50%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
Other
Serbian
Roma
Turkish
Albanian
Macedonian
65+
55-64
45-54
35-44
25-34
18-24
Male
FemaleET
HN
ICIT
YA
GE
GEN
DER
92
Demographics
21%
53%
21%
5%
43%
57%
22%
8%
16%
21%
23%
11%
2%
64%
10%
24%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
Higher Education/University
Secondary
Elementary
None/Incomplete Elementary
Rural
Urban
Refused to Answer
Not Sure/Don't Know
27001 Denars or More
18001-27000 Denars
9001-18000 Denars
0-9000 Denars
Refused to Answer
Other
Public Sector
Private Sector
ED
UCATIO
NPO
PU
LA
TIO
N D
EN
SIT
YH
OU
SEH
OLD
IN
CO
ME (
MO
NTH
LY)
EM
PLO
YM
EN
T B
YSECTO
R
93
