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Sustainability at DESYChallenges and OpportunitiesHelmut Dosch, DESYCERN/ERF/ESS Workshop Sustainable Science October 2013

Mission: Development, construction, operation and scientific exploitation of acceleratorsProvide access and services for national and international usersInternationally used, nationally funded Research InstituteResearch Infrastructures: PETRA III, FLASH (II), XFEL, TIER-2, TestbeamsSites:Hamburg and ZeuthenBase-Budget: 180 MEuro Funding source: 90% federal, 10% stateStaff:~1900 FTE in Hamburg and Zeuthen Users:~3000 (1500 from abroad) from 45 nationsDESY Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron - founded 1959

DESY.Member of Helmholtz Association

Hamburg

Zeuthen

PETRA IIIFLASHCFELNew High Brilliance X-ray SourcesResearch Labs/ InhouseApplication LabsDESY. Light Sources

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e.g. facilities at DESY have power input 23 MWAnnual consumption of 160 GWh mainly provided by fossil sourcesReleasing roughly 70 kt CO2 per year~ energy consumption of German city with 40 000 inhabitantsDESY160 GWh

EU-town of100000 people US-town of100000 peopleScience is energy intensiveFuture developments of energy prices?How climate neutral/sustainable should research centres be?=> Strategic question of energy supply/managementsource:T. Parker, Science Mag.~40 kWh/(m2a)~150 kWh/(m2a)~300 kWh/(m2a)(Natural) Science is energy intensive

100 German Universities spend ~3 bn for energy costsBeside the international nature DESY and other RIs have in common. It is also the nature of basic science, that it is very energy intensiveWhile Residential Areas consuming annualy 40 kWh/m2, Universities have an consumption of 150 kWh/m2 and finally Labs consuming more than times energy as in residential areas LHC in CERN consumes 400 GWhData centres / Computing centres consume 1,5% of the world energyQuestion of energy supply is for us of strategic importance: 1st energy is an big cost factor for DESY and we dont know how the energy prices develop in the long run, 2nd questions ourself how climate neutral/sustainable should a research centre be? 5Motivationlarge research infrastructures are energy intensivesynchrotron radiation sources, neutron sources, X-Ray lasers, high magnetic field facilities DESY (w/o XFEL): 16 MW Power, 160 GWh/year: about 70 kt CO2/yearXFEL (17,5 GeV): ~ 10 MW Powerfuture development of energy prices, volatility ?how climate neutral/sustainable should research centers be?=>Question of energy supply and use is of strategic relevance

General Mission/Guiding Principles (recently adopted by DESY): Our behaviour follows social, ecological and ethical standards.As far as the structure of our research is concerned, we commit ourselves to the development of sustainable concepts. We advocate the responsible handling of natural resources.

DESY. On the way to a sustainable facility managementPILLAR I Improving sustainable management Fazit:Anstze entwickeltberblick ber SparpotentialeTask force eingesetzt

Fehlt: Gesamtkonzept, Ziele, Ressourcen

8Sustainable Management of facilities & campusImpetus/stimulus through one-week workshop with Leuphana University in February 2013~20 master students of sustainability managementFour topics to investigateConcept to create an evaluation instrument for sustainability-oriented construction and conversion of existing buildingsActual condition analysis of the energy management system at DESY and its further development for future requirementsDevelopment of a sustainable DESY mobility conceptCommunication as an instrument to establish a sustainability culture at DESYCampus/BuildingCulture/CommunicationEnergy efficiency Mobility

Leuphana Univ = Nachhaltigkeits-UniKontakt DESY Leuphana20 Stundenten bei DESY (u.a. Georg Barfuss, jetzt bei AUDI Zulieferer, Vortrag am CERN)Input material Abschlussbereicht zu jedem der 4 Felder: Kurzfassung nachfolgend:Renommierter Studiengang: Prof. Stefan Schaltegger (CH)

Org. Hans-Christian Heinke (ehem. Leuphana Student)

Oliver Oppel (Sustainability manager) spricht auch bei Genf.

9DESY. New Buildings

FLASH IIPETRA III E.PETRA III N.Photon Science DESY-HZGNanoCSSBBioCFELFemtoMPI-SDCHyN UHHEuropeanXFEL

Construction

DORIS Shutdown, Constructions, AppointmentsFolien bereits daDddMission reference: Balance: HERA, DORIS shutdown HEP: LHC, Belle II FS: Operation, Res. CFEL, CSSB, NanoLab: selected topics M: Enhance ARD Potential:

5. Challenges Role of RIS: stop infighting SF-HEP: joint effort, HGF Mission in RIS ! Operation of facilities: XFEL,

10I. Building/Campusmore than 50 buildings on campus, some of them 50 years oldstarted energetic renovation of building structure (through stimulus funds) over last years four buildings completed~50% savings in energy, expect 200k/a savings in energy cost reduction of 600t/a CO2Orientation to sustainable energy standards for new buildings use evaluation instruments BNB Bewertungssystem Nachhaltiges Bauen (Evaluation scheme sustainable construction) http://www.nachhaltigesbauen.de

Bauabteilung DESY richtet sich jetzt knftig an den BNB aus11II. Energy efficiencyElectrical energy: 156 GWh dominated by accelerators (difficult to improve)

Existing energy consumption data only on highly aggregated level set up an energy management system What are detailed electrical power / heat consumption levels at various facilities/ buildings/labs/offices?How do they compare to benchmarks ?Are there clear drivers/issues identifiable to improve/optimize efficiencies/gain savings on demand or supply side?Setting goals for 2020develop action plans

Energy Consumption in GWh (2012)MKK Daten:10 MW von 18 MW gehen als Abwrme id UmweltAbhilfe: Abwrme nutzen

12Improve waste heat re-usal at DESY1 cryo street 2 cryo streetsheat extraction (30-35 deg)4,6 GWh/a7,0 GWh/acost savings1)228.450 /a350.600 /apayback period 2)2,6 a1,7 acash value after 10 years 3)807.740 1.558.298 Reduction of CO2-Emission 4)1.087 t-CO2/a1.669 t-CO2/aprice for district heating: 0,05 /kWhinvestment costs: 592.000 adequate target rate: 10 %district heating: 238 g-CO2/kWhConcrete Project: Cryogenic waste heat utilization for DESY and EU.XFEL

Study shows good potential for using waste heat of a cryogenic plant for heat utilizationSee talk by J.-P. JensenThu, 24 OctoberParallel B2See Jensen VortragBasierend auf einer Masterarbeit bei MKK: TUHH (Frau Eva Leister)Ggf. mit Wrmepumpe auf hhere T-Niveau setzen !

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Cold water ringConcrete project: improve cold water ring (T=8C) at DESY (Fernkltering)~4 MW refrigeration power for cooling building, IT, power supplies, Ring connect nearly all refrigerator plants on campus, improve efficiencies, eliminate decentralized, isolated solutions Reduce installed power from 13.6MW to 9.6MW, increase average efficiencies from 50% to 60%IT cooling2 dezentrale Khler einsparenIsolierte Lsongen rausschemisenn

14Study on SMES to regulate the grid controlWith increased installation of (intermittent) renewables, grid regulation and frequency control becomes more important study superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) as potential primary regulator at short time-scales for RIsAdvantage:Efficient and rapidly cycling energy storageCryo-plants already available at most labsSimulate a SMES for grid control at DESY with 40 MW primary controlling power and 25 MWh capacity

See talk by H.-J. EckholdtParallel A4RIs could be testbed to advance sustainable technologiesNetz-GlttungRegulierungsbrse: Reg.Lesitung zur Verfugng stehen: Freq, Spitzen gltten.Neuer MarktSMES = neue Technologie

Mit 5 Henry Spulen:40 MW SMES, Capazitt

1MW Regelleistung = 2.500 EUR/Woche

D Bedarf: Regelleistung: 600 MW

SC HERA Magnete15III. Sustainable Mobility ConceptCarbon-footprint: Mobility at DESY (~2000 employees) causes 11,5 kt CO2/year2,5 ktCO2/a Commuting8 ktCO2/a Travel (99% flights)1 ktCO2/a on-campus mobilityDevelop environmentally and socially responsible management of mobility of people and goods, taking into account economic factorsGoalscontribute to the reduction of mobility-related CO2 emissionsimage building / legitimacyemployee acceptance

Untergeordnete Rolle

16III. Sustainable Mobility ConceptDiscussed actions:BicyclesPublic transportation job ticket TravelIncentives to use train instead of planeCO2 compensation of flights

CERNBest practice

Fahrrder mehr Symbol17CO2 Footprint DESYIn total ~70 kt CO2/aSelf commitment by DESY (in cooperation with city of Hamburg) Goal: Annual reduction by 3-5 kt CO2New lighthouse projects under discussions:Green ITBlock heat and power plant

3-5 kt Reduktion: Selbstverpflichtung DESYBlockheizkrafrwerk: Studie da, derzeit zuwenig Manpower, um es umzusetzen, spter nach XFEL

Green IT:Wasserkhlung statt Luftkhlung; einspeisung 18

DESY. On the way to a sustainable facility managementPILLAR II Research in sustainable technologiesFazit:Anstze entwickeltberblick ber SparpotentialeTask force eingesetzt

Fehlt: Gesamtkonzept, Ziele, Ressourcen

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PETRA III.

HealthITRenewableEnergyTransportAdvanced Materials for

50 mmHuman HairPETRA III beam1nmrad

PETRA III.Novel Instrumentation

DESY User Operation 2012

FacilityProposed HoursAccepted HoursSuperscription FactorDORIS III89048670001,3PETRA III83000328802,5 (rising)FLASH864021963,9SchlsseltechnologienSchlsseltechnologienKey TechnologiesX-Ray TechnologiesHealthTransportEnergyEnvironmentPETRA III201020112012Proposals7743361480% Open Access, Peer Review20% Inhouse Research, Industrial Use, Maintainancecreating awareness among our users

promoting strategic research

European XFEL

2,5 km X-Ray Laser Femto-FlashesUltrarelativistic ElectronsEine Hochgeschwindigkeitskamera fr die Nanowelt

SK23

Micro gearFriction and Lubrication in Nanospace

XFELnmScience Friction: SupralubricationWhat is a liquid in a Nanoslit ?severe ecological/economic issueannual loss by friction/wear: 2-7% GNPGermany: 40 Bio /y24Schmierung eine sehr bedeutende Technolgoie:Heute: Schmierung um 3% verbessern: pro sec 1 Million $ Gewinn

Vision: Oberflchen so designen, dass keine Reibungsverluste auftreten:Supraschmierung wie man Supraleitung kennt (reibungsfreier Transport von Elektronenpaaren)

Fritz Haber Institut der MPG, BerlinDissocation of O2 induces strong molecular Motions

CO, NOCO2, NO2

Gerhard Ertl, Nobel Chemistry 2007

Catalytic Reactions

25Ultimativ :Wie luft eine chemische Reaktion in Realzeit ab ?Anfangs und Endprodukte bekannt? Welche Kurzzeit-Zwischen Produkte entstehen whrend der Reaktion ?Beispiel fr die Bedeutung solcher Zwischenprodukte an der Katalytischen Reaktion: komplexe zeitliches Ineinandergreifen von chemischen Reaktionen und physikalischen Oberflchen-Prozessen, die sich auf einer sehr schnellen Zeitskala abspielen und die Effizienz des Prozesses massgeblich bestimmen.

Beispiel: Katalysator im Auto

Die Bedeutung der Katalyse fr die chemische Industrie ist enorm.

Katalytische Oberflchenreaktionen von enormer Bedeutung bei der chemischen Industrie Synthese von Chemikalien (NH32, H2SO4). 90% der chemischen Produktionsprozesse basiert heute auf Katalyse. Das Chemical Institute of Canada gab im 1999 den Wert der durch Katalyse erzeugten Chemikalien weltweit mit 900 Mrd USD an.

Und in der Umwelt-Chemie (Emissionskontrolle): CO, SO2

For each particular reaction a specially adapted catalyst is very much in demand. Therefore a computer aided design of catalyst would be a great progress in optimizing the selectivity, yield and performance of the reaction. Although surface reactions have been intensively investigated in the last 20 years, surprisingly little is known about the elementary reaction steps which take place on the atomic length scale of these reactions

Homogene K. Versus Heterogene Katalyse

DESY. On the way to a sustainable facility managementPILLAR III Strategic CooperationsFazit:Anstze entwickeltberblick ber SparpotentialeTask force eingesetzt

Fehlt: Gesamtkonzept, Ziele, Ressourcen

26Promising conditionsEconomic perspective for young MENA populationEU committed to support the concept (Mediterranean Solar Plan)Energy from the desert

Studies by DLR forEUMENA region

MED-CSP TRANS-CSP for German govt

CLUB OF ROMEWhite Paper 2009www.desertec.org

Price reduction for CSP necessaryImproved grid connection neededRegulatory and political risks hinder FDISubstantial workforce with necessary skillsFundamental transformation of the MENA region to a green economy and implementation of the gigantic DESERTEC-concept would require substantial technological and innovative capacities Grid connection has to be improvedPromosing conditions for Concentrating solar power technologyTo day renewable energies made a rather limited contribution to electricity supply in the region. Today the levelized costs of csp is 2-3 times higher than with fossil-fired energies -> price reduction necessary27A new EU-MENA Partnership on Energy & ScienceRenewable EnergyScientific cooperationDirect: Transfer of Energy Indirect through virtual tradingEUMENAMENA Partner (e.g. SESAME)e.g. DESYPartnershipEnhance S&T cooperation with MENA partners as stimulus for governments to promote renewable energies in MENAProspect/Vision for EU-MENA: direct physical transfer of solar energy (via high voltage DC transmission lines) swap knowledge, education and S&T versus energy (in-kind contribution)European research infrastructures could be first movers to receive solar energy from desertPromote Energy sustainability for European research & Intellectual sustainability in MENACentral element is scientific cooperation between european research institutes and selectetd partner institutes in the MENA region (access to research infrastructures, fostering scientific exchange 28Symposium Building Bridges 19/20 May2011DESY - HamburgOrganizers:DESY, DLR, Egypt ASRT, SESAME-JordanScientific cooperation creates trust and acceptance and brings to bear peace-making and stabilizing effects in societiesTopicsClimate Change, Renewable Energy and Societal and Developmental ChallengesScience, Sustainability and ResponsibilitySolar Energy Projects in MENA and around the worldBridging Solar Energy from MENA to EuropeScientific & Educational Projects in MENA as Anchor Points for Collaboration and Capacity BuildingTowards a Science / Energy Partnership

250 participants from 30 countries

Representatives from science, Politics, industry, NGOs

~50 participants from MENAFollow-Up Conference EWACC2012/Building Bridges in Cyprus 10-12 December 2012

http://ewacc2012.cyi.ac.cy/

Establish new conference EU-MENA

EWACC2014/Building BridgesNicosia, Cyprus 10- 12 November 2014Topics:- Climate change, weather extremes, air pollution and human health- Water availability, food security, hydro-conflicts and human security- Energy supply and demand, policies, challenges- Renewable energy and energy conservation- Opportunities and challenges of EU-MENA scientific cooperation- Future of a common EU-MENA knowledge area (including Cyprus Declaration 2012)Young Scholar Forum 6-9 December31Conclusions