(Table S1)

Inoculum PBS

probe antisense sense antisense

1 d 0/1 0/1 0/1

3 d 0/2 0/2 0/2

4d 2/2 0/2 0/2

5 d 5/5 0/3 1/3

6 d 8/8 0/5 1/4

11 d 2/2 ND 0/2

KV

(Figure S1)

D

C

D E

F

E F

anterior

posterior

C

E

A B

Blom

PB

lCa lCa

ON

SOG

lCa

Pe

CC

CC

(Figure S2)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

days

Su

rviv

al r

ate

(%

)

A

B

0 1 4 6 9 14 days

(4) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3)

1.E-04

1.E-03

1.E-02

1.E-01

1.E+00

1.E+01

1.E+02

Re

lativ

e K

aku

go

co

nte

nt

(Figure S3)

C

MB MB

lolo m

CB

ALAL

B

lCa lCa

lolo

m

CB

OES

SOG

m

ON

D

mlo

mlo

mCaCB

OES

SOG

OC

lCamCa

lCa

lCalCa

lo

lo

m

CB

OES

SOG

m

ONA

(Figure. S4)

actin

KV PBS

P NKV

DWV

SBV

ABPV

A

B

actin

DWV

SBV

ABPV

P N

KV + + - -

D

C

1.E-06

1.E-05

1.E-04

1.E-03

1.E-02

1.E-01

1.E+00

(-) (-) (+) (+)

KV

Relative detection level

actin

KV

DWV

SBV

ABPV

P N

PBS (-) (+)F A

(Figure. S5)

10.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.50.60.7

2

3

4

5

67

KV infected brains

Un

infe

cte

d b

rain

s

GB10708

Kakugo

(Figure S6)

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

101

days

Rela

tive

expr

essi

on le

vel o

f GB1

0708

0 1 4 6 9 14

(4) (3) (3) (2) (3) (3)N (KV)

N (PBS) (3) (2) (3) (1) (3) (3)

N (NI) (5) (2) (3) (2) (3) (4)