Take out your interactive notebook and set up an In, Out Through on your next two open pages.

In Activity

Why do atoms have a neutral (no) charge?

Ionic Bonding

• Atoms don’t have an electric charge. They are neutral because the number of positive charges (protons) is always equal to the number of negative charges (electrons)

IONIC CHEMICAL BONDING

Atoms connect with other atoms to form chemical bonds.

Types of Chemical Bonds

There are four types of chemical bonds:

1. Ionic Bonds

2. Covalent Bonds

3. Metallic Bonds

4. Hydrogen Bonds

We will study ionic and covalent bonding.

Ionic Bondingoccurs when electron(s) are transferred

from one atom to another. (Metals bonding with Nonmetals)

Li F Be sure to draw!

Ionic Bonding

• When electrons are lost or gained the atom becomes an ion (an atom with a charge).

• Negatively charged ions are attracted to positively charged ions like the opposite poles of a magnet.

Li+ F-

Cation Anion

Ionic Bonding with Sodium (Na) and Chlorine (Cl) results in NaCl or table

salt

Ionic Bonding

• Here is what happens during the reaction between Sodium (Na) and Chlorine (Cl).

• When Sodium loses an electron it has an overall positive charge. This is called a Cation.

• When Chlorine gains an electron it has an overall negative charge and is called an Anion

Here is another example of Ionic Bonding between Potassium and Fluorine.

In an IONIC bond,electrons are lost or gained,resulting in the formation of IONS

in ionic compounds.

FK

FK

FK

FK

FK

FK

FK

FK+ _

FK+ _

The compound potassium fluorideconsists of potassium (K+) ions

and fluoride (F-) ions

FK+ _

The ionic bond is the attractionbetween the positive K+ ion

and the negative F- ion

Out Activity Ionic Bonding

• Draw the Electron Dot Diagram for Potassium and Iodine.

• Show how these two will bond in an Ionic Bond.

• Be sure to use arrows and charge symbols.

• Ionic Bonding Notes Complete. Stop at this slide.

CovalentBonds

Sowhatarecovalentbonds?

Continue using the Cornell notes you started with Ionic Bonding. Make a new title called “Covalent Bonding” in the through section.

In covalent bonding,atoms still want to achievea noble gas configuration(the octet rule).

In covalent bonding,atoms still want to achievea noble gas configuration(the octet rule).

But rather than losing or gainingelectrons,atoms now share an electron pair.

In covalent bonding,atoms still want to achievea noble gas configuration(the octet rule).

But rather than losing or gainingelectrons,atoms now share an electron pair.

The shared electron pairis called a bonding pair

Cl2

Chlorineforms

acovalent

bondwithitself

ClClHowwilltwochlorineatomsreact?

ClClEach chlorine atom wants to gain one electron to achieve an octet

ClClNeither atom will give up an electron –chlorine is highly electronegative.

What’s the solution – what can theydo to achieve an octet?

ClCl

Cl Cl

Cl Cl

Cl Cl

Cl Cloctet

Cl Cl

circle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets

octet

Cl Cl

circle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets

The octet is achieved byeach atom sharing theelectron pair in the middle

Cl Cl

circle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets

The octet is achieved byeach atom sharing theelectron pair in the middle

Cl Cl

circle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets

This is the bonding pair

Cl Cl

circle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets

It is a single bonding pair

Cl Cl

circle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets

It is called a SINGLE BOND

Cl Cl

circle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets

Single bonds are abbreviatedwith a dash

Cl Cl

circle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets

This is the chlorine molecule,

Cl2

O2

Oxygen is also one of the diatomic molecules

How will two oxygen atoms bond?

OO

OOEach atom has two unpaired electrons

OO

OO

OO

OO

OO

OO

Oxygen atoms are highly electronegative.

So both atoms want to gain two electrons.

OO

Oxygen atoms are highly electronegative.

So both atoms want to gain two electrons.

OO

OO

OO

OO

OO

OOBoth electron pairs are shared.

6 valence electronsplus 2 shared electrons

= full octet

OO

6 valence electronsplus 2 shared electrons

= full octet

OO

two bonding pairs,

OOmaking a double bond

OO=For convenience, the double bond

can be shown as two dashes.

OO

OO=This is the oxygen molecule,

O2

this is so

cool!!