TECHNICAL LIBRARY LIBRARY AD-E400 354 TECHNICAL REPORT ARLCD-TR-79017 TNT EQUIVALENCY OF BENITE PROPELLANT M. F. LEONDI J. P. CALTAGIRONE AUGUST 1979 US ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND

TECHNICAL LIBRARY

AD-E400 354

TECHNICAL REPORT ARLCD-TR-79017

TNT EQUIVALENCY OF BENITE PROPELLANT

M. F. LEONDI

J. P. CALTAGIRONE

AUGUST 1979

US ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND LARGE CALIBER

WEAPON SYSTEMS LABORATORY DOVER, NEW JERSEY

APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED.

The views, opinions, and/or findings contained in this report are those of the author (s) and should not be construed as an official Depart- ment of the Army position, policy or decision, unless so designated by other documentation.

Destroy this report when no longer needed. Do not return it to the originator.

UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Data Entarad)

REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE READ INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE COMPLETING FORM

1. REPORT NUMBER

Technical Report ARLCD-TR-79017

2. GOVT ACCESSION NO 3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER

4. TITLE (and Subtitle) 5. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED

TNT EQUIVALENCY OF BENITE PROPELLANT 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER

7. AUTHORO)

M. F. Leondi J. P. Caltagirone

8. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBERfnJ

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

Hazards Evaluation Office Dugway Proving Grounds MT-DA-HD Dugway, Utah 84022

10. PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROJECT, TASK AREA & WORK UNIT NUMBERS

MMT Project 5774285 11. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS

ARRADCOM, TSD STINFO (DRDAR-TSS) Dover, NJ 07801

12. REPORT DATE

August 1979 13. NUMBER OF PAGES

57 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME & ADDRESSfJ/d/Z/eront from Controlling Olllce)

ARRADCOM, LCWSL Manufacturing Technology Division (DRDAR-LCM-S) Dover, NJ 07801

15. SECURITY CLASS, (ol thla raport)

Unclassified ISa. DECLASSIFI CATION/DOWN GRADING

SCHEDULE

16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (ol thla Report)

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.

17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (ol the abatract entered In Block 30, II dlllerant from Raport)

18. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

This project was accomplished as part of the U.S. Army's Manufacturing Technology Program. The primary objective of this program is to develop, on a timely basis, manufacturing processes and equipment for use in the production of Army materiel.

19. KEY WORDS (Continue on reverse aide it neceaaary and Identity by block number)

Benite propellant Scaled blast pressure TNT equivalency Scaled distance Scaled positive impulse Scaled time of arrival MMT - ammunition Geometric configuration - Shape equivalency

20* ABSTRACT (Cantbiue on reveram etxta ft naicaaaary mid Identity by block number)

Peak side-on blast overpressure and scaled positive impulse have been measured for Benite propellant, using configurations that simulate the handling of bulk material during processing and shipment. Quantities of 10.43 and 41.8 kg were tested in orthorhombic shipping containers and fiberboard boxes. TNT equivalency values for each test series were obtained as a function of scaled distance by comparison to known pressure, arrival time, and impulse

DD/^1473 EDrTlON OF » MOV 65 IS OBSOLETE UNCLASSIFIED

SECURITY CLASSIFICATIOK OF THIS PAGE (When Data Entered)

UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGEfWhan Datm Entered)

20. ABSTRACT (Continued)

characteristics for hemispherical TNT surface bursts. Pressure and impulse equivalencies were found to be less than 65% for all quantities tested.

UNCLASSIFIED

SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGEOtTion D«<« Entered)

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors wish to express their sincere appreciation to Mr. Charles Wameke of Dugway Proving Ground, Utah, and Messrs. Walter Badowski and Darl Westover, U.S. ARRADCOM, Dover, New Jersey, for their technical assistance.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page No.

Introduction 1

Test Program 1

Material Test Plan

Discussion Test Results

Conclusions

References

Distribution List

Instrumentation 2

Results 3

Data Analysis 3

4 4

5

Recommendations 5

6

Appendix - Field Data Sheets 31

45

TABLES

1 Test plan

2 Pressure transducer placement

3 Pressure and impulse TNT equivalency at scaled distance

4 Summary of test results, 10.43 kg (23 lb) shipping box

5 Summary o£ test results, 41.8 kg (92 lb) shipping box

Page No.

7

7

8

10

FIGURES

1 Benite test configurations.

2 Test setup for equivalency tests.

3 Test area showing transducer and camera placement.

4 TNT pressure and impulse standards, metric units.

5 TNT pressure and impulse standards, English units,

6 Pressure and scaled impulse curves for 10.43 kg Benite, shipping box.

Pressure and scaled impulse curves for 23 lb Benite, shipping box.

Pressure and scaled impulse curves for 41.8 kg Benite, shipping box.

Pressure and scaled impulse curves for 92 lb Benite, shipping box.

10 TNT equivalency of 10.43 kg of Benite, shipping box.

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

11 TNT equivalency of 23 lb of Benite, shipping box. 21

12 TNT equivalency of 41.8 kg of Benite, shipping box. 22

13 TNT equivalency of 92 lb of Benite, shipping box. 23

14 Typical pressure transducer in steel plate. 24

15 Pretest configuration, 10.43 kg shipping box. 25

16 Posttest crater, 10.43 kg shipping box. 26

17 Pretest configuration, 41.8 kg shipping box. 27

18 Posttest crater, 41.8 kg shipping box. 28

19 Posttest steel witness plates, incomplete detonation. 29

INTRODUCTION

In support of the Army-wide modernization program, the Manufac- turing Technology Division of the U.S. Army Armament Research and Development Command (ARRADCOM) developed design standards for structures required to withstand the effects of an explosion. The employ- ment of these standards--in a safe and cost effective manner--requires that the airblast characteristics of the energetic materials used by the Army be empirically determined. Since the air blast capabilities of Benite propellant are not available in the current literature, a TNT equivalency test program was initiated under MMT project 5774285.

The objective of the test program was to determine the maximum airblast output from the detonation of Benite propellant in terms of peak pressure and positive impulse compared to known characteristics of a hemispherical surface burst of TNT.

TEST PROGRAM

Material

Benite propellant conforming to Military Specification MIL-B- 45451B, 23 February 1962, was used throughout the testing. Specific- ally, the test material consisted of extruded Benite strands (0.203 cm in diameter) from Radford Army Ammunition Plant, Lots RAD 1-132 (25.4 cm long) and RAD 77 F001-061 (45.8 cm long). The Benite was composed of:

40% nitrocellulose 44.3% potassium nitrate 6.3% sulfur 9.4% charcoal 0.5% ethyl centralite (added)

Test Plan

A survey of a prototype explosive-manufacturing plant revealed that the production of solvent-wet Benite presents little danger of an explosive reaction during the manufacturing process, and does not constitute a potentially hazardous situation. On the other hand, the probability of a detonation during shipment and storage of Benite and/or Benite-loaded munitions exceeds the minimum acceptable risk. Consequently, a test plan was formulated (table 1), and loaded

shipping containers and mass storage (packout) areas were selected for TNT equivalency testing. Airblast output of the following test configurations was measured:

1. Simulated shipping container--an orthorhombic container (fig. la) made of wood and fiberboard, filled with 10.43 kg of Benite propellant.

2. Simulated packout area--an orthorhombic container (fig- lb) filled with 41.8 kg of Benite propellant.

A conical-chaped booster charge of Composition C-4 high explosive was buried in the center of each container, with the apex pro- truding above or flush with the top surface (fig. 1). The booster was detonated with an engineers' special J-2 blasting cap inserted at the center of the cone's apex. The booster weights varied from 2% to 17% of the charge weight.

The test charge for each configuration was placed on a 0.61 by 0.61 by 0.0064-meter-thick 1010 carbon steel witness plate in the center of the test area (fig. 2). The area was regraded after each test and measurement of the crater diameter.

Instrumentation

Twelve Susquehanna Instruments Model ST-2, ST-4 side-on blast transducers were mounted in steel plates that were buried so that the sensor was at ground level in two arrays within the test area (fig. 3). Distances between transducers and charges (table 2) were calculated to correspond to scale distances of 1.19, 2.72, 3.57, 4.37, 7.15, and 15.87 meter/kg1'3. The transducers were individually calibrated prior to each test series with pressure pulses from a standard solenoid- actuated air pressure calibration fixture, adjusted to correspond to expected blast pressure on an assumed TNT equivalency of 100%. This calibration was verified initially by measuring free-field blast pressures from a 11.34-kg bare hemispherical charge. C-4 signal line continuity and channelization were checked prior to each test.

Each transducer was connected to an underground coaxial system which led to the instrumentation trailer, approximately 175 meters from the test area. In order to capture the complete pressure-time pulse, the recording instrumentation response was synchronized with the blast-wave arrival times. The biomation recorder (200 micro- second period) was connected to the three gages in each array closest to the blast source, while the pulse-code modulation (PCM) unit (0.315 millisecond period) was connected in parallel with the biomation recorder and to all of the gages. All test data were recorded on this dual system.

Photographic coverage was limited to one test of each configuration (fig. 3). Motion picture coverage included a Fastax camera operated at 500 frames per second (fps) and a Mitchell camera operated at 24 fps. Standard meteorological data were recorded for each test.

RESULTS

Data Analysis

Peak blast overpressure, time of arrival, and scaled positive- impulse information were obtained in direct analog form from the oscillograph records. After exclusion of poor results that could be attributed to instrumentation malfunction, impingement of fragments on the transducer elements or improper calibration, average values for peak pressure and scaled positive impulse were calculated for each weight and scaled distance.

The average peak pressures were compared directly with the standard reference curve for a hemispherical TNT surface blast. These comparisons were used to derive TNT pressure equivalency (Ep) as a percentage by weight based on equivalent side-on blast pressure at equal distances from charge:

h = 100 WeightTNT

Weight Benite Constant pressure and radial distance

The scaled positive impulses were also directly compared with the standard reference curve for a hemispherical TNT surface blast to derive TNT impulse equivalency (Ej) as a percentage by weight based on equivalent positive impulse at the same radial distance from the charge:

100 WeightTNT

WeightD .^ 6 Benite Constant positive impulse and radial distance

The mathematical basis for pressure and impulse equivalencies are contained in reference 1. This technique provides a means of relating the peak pressure and impulse data from the detonation of

the test samples to that of a hemispherical surface burst of TNT while extracting the booster contribution.

Discussion

At the outset of testing, a 2% (by weight) Comp C-4 booster was chosen as the source of initiation. However, posttest investigation of the unsheared steel witness plate and the unburnt Benite strands in the vicinity of the test pad was not indicative of complete mass detonation. Data analysis substantiated this assumption for none of the computed equivalencies exceeded 35%. Since complete detonation was not achieved, the booster weight was incrementally increased to 17%. The magnitude and completeness of the explosive reaction did not significantly increase (less than 65% equivalency in all tests) even with the inordinately high percentage (17%) booster.

The size of the booster was not increased and the cumulative mean equivalency was reported for the following reasons:

1. The blast output of the booster would exceed that of the test sample.

2. Testing would be representative of a highly unlikely initiation condition in the munitions plant.

3. The percentage booster would not be comparable with any of the previous equivalency test programs.

Test Results

Benite propellant was detonated in full-scale and scaled-up configurations representative of both single and mass storage of orthorhorabic shipping containers. Blast output parameters were measured and TNT equivalency was computed on the basis of comparison with TNT hemispherical surface bursts. Complete detonation of the Benite propellant was not achieved by boostering with Comp C-4 (up to 17% by weight). Pressure and impulse equivalencies were found to be less than 65% in all tests. The results of these tests are presented in table 3.

The TNT pressure and impulse standards for a hemispherical surface burst are shown in figures 4 and 5 in both metric and English units. Pressure and scaled positive data for Benite are summarized by test configuration in tables 4 and 5 and figures 6 through 9. Percent TNT equivalencies for both test configurations are shown in figures 10 through 13 as functions of scaled distance.

Figures 14 through 19 are selected pretest and posttest photo- graphs. Data sheets for all tests with pertinent measures parameters are given in the appendix. (The test numbers shown are for local reference only and provide access to original range data files.)

CONCLUSIONS

1. The pressure and impulse TNT equivalency of stranded Benite in the two orthorhombic configurations tested varies with scaled distance and is less than 65%.

2. The blast output from the Benite test samples increased marginally with the size of the booster to a point where further testing was not cost effective. Complete mass detonation was not achieved even with a 17% Comp C-4 booster.

3. The orientation of the Benite strands within the shipping container (i.e., horizontal or vertical) had no discernible effect on the resulting blast output.

RECOMMENDATIONS

The TNT equivalency values determined from this test series should be used in the structural design of protective facilities con- taining Benite propellant. However, since cube-root scaling was not demonstrated, it is recommended that any extrapolation from the test configurations and constraints be verified by additional testing.

REFERENCES

1. J. J. Swatosh, Jr, and J. R. Cook "TNT Equivalency of Ml Propellant (Bulk)," Technical Report 4885, Picatinny Arsenal, Dover, NJ, December 1975.

2. "Structures to Resist the Effects of Accidental Explosions," (with Addenda), Department of the Army Technical Manual TM-1300, Washington, DC, June 1969.

3. F. L. Mclntryre and Paul Price, "TNT Equivalency of M10 Propel- lant," Contractor Report ARLCD-CR-78008, ARRADCOM, Dover, NJ, December 1975.

Table 1. Test plan

Test no. Strand orientation Benite wt. kg (lb)

Booster wt. kg (lb)

1 Vertical 10.43 (23) .23 (.5)

2 Vertical 10.43 (23) .45 (1.0)

3 * Vertical 10.23 (22.56) .45 (1.0)

4 Horizontal 10.43 (23) .45 (1.0)

5 Horizontal 10.43 (23) .91 (2.0)

6 Horizontal 10.43 (23) 1.81 (4.0)

7 Horizontal 41.8 (92) 2.27 (5.0)

*N0TE: .2kg (.44 1b) removed from shipping box

Table 2. Pressure transducer placement

Distance from charge, m (ft) Transducer no. 10.43 kg (23 lb) 41.8 kg (92 lbs)

1A, IB 2.16 (7.1) 3.44 (11.3)

2k, 2B 2.47 (8.1) 4.11 (13.5)

3A, 3B 9.81 (32.2) 9.81 (32.2)

4A, 4B 19.66 (64.5) 19.66 (64.5)

5A, SB 34.68 (113.8) 34.68 (113.8)

6A, 6B 55.04 (180.6) 55.04 (180.6)

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Figure 1. Benite test configurations'.

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BENITE SHIPPING BOX

STEEL WITNESS PLATE

Figure 2. Test setup for equivalency tests.

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Figure 9. Pressure and scaled impulse curves for 92 lb Benite, shipping box.

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29

APPENDIX

FIELD DATA SHEETS

31

TEST DATA SHEETS, TNT EQUIVALENCY 10" Benite Lot "RAD 1-132 of 76

23 Benite TEST TITLE PIC-OOS TEST SAMPLE SAMPLE WEIGHT IGNITION SOURCE" BOOSTER WT. TEST NUMBER

n.S# CA none

DATE TIME TEMP. HUMIDITY BAR. PRES. WIND DIR. WIND VEL.

16 Aug 77 133Q

195' 4 m/s

COMPOSITION C-4 BOOSTER CHARGE

ASPECT RATIO

incomplete detonation Benite pieces scattered out to 30 paces

nninunnir,,! liunni) >'■■ n} \ um^n mi'Hinin n >) n\ i un)i^>'')>>)>> nn)»

no crater

NOT DRAWN TO SCALE

CHANNEL NUMBER

DISTANCE FT.

TIME OF ARRIVAL m sec

PEAK PRESSURE PSIG

PCM BIOMATION

POSITIVE IMPULSE psi-m sec

PCM BIOMATION REMARKS

1A (7.1)

15 29.4 no triqqe - 18.39 IB 15 24 Rias level chanae manual 2A

(8.1) 16 21.3 spike to 15.27

ZB 16 8.9 230.3 12.97 3A

(32.2) 35 3.1 no triqqe " 6.8

3R 33 2.2 4.48 4A

(64.5) 62 0.8 2.31

4R 62 0.17 RA

(113.$) 104 0.36 1.31

RR 104 0.34 1.17 fiA

(180,6) 161 0.22 1.58

fiR 162 0.18 0.79

33

TEST DATA SHEETS, TNT EQUIVALENCY

TEST TITLE TEST SAMPLE SAMPLE WEIGHT IGNITION SOURCE_ BOOSTER WT. TEST NUMBER

PIC-005 25 C4 Hemisphere

Cal 6

DATE TIME TEMP. HUMIDITY BAR. PRES, WIND DIR. WIND VEL.

16 Aug 77 1234


rmrnrnrmTTTi

^

ASPECT RATIO

t UI in >}> h 11):- I I'sh ' ■'■ ) I III II u>.

70" NOT DRAWN TO SCALE

CHANNEL NUMBER

DISTANCE FT.


PEAK PRESSURE PSIG

PCM BIOMATION

POSITIVE IMPULSE psi-m. sec


1A (7.1)

16 117.7 350 IB 16 85 276 Ringing 2A

(8.1) 17 106.9 169

2B 17 100.8 152 3A

(32.2) 29 9.97 11.3

3B 29 7.81 4A

(64.5) 54 2.8

4B 54 0.59 5A

(113.8) 94 1.15

5B 94 1.22 6A

(180.6) 150 0.67

6B 151 0.55

34


PIC-QQ5 TEST TITLE TEST SAMPLE SAMPLE WEIGHT 23# - 7 QZ.

Rpnite

IGNITION SOURCE BOOSTER WT. TEST NUMBER 29R1

1 . n# r.4 conp pmhpdded


16 Aug 1513

3ML 6.5 m/s

COMPOSITION C-4 BOOSTER CHARGE ASPECT RATIO

Incomplete detonation. Benite peices scattered to 50 pace radius.

in ujii im 11 u;ihiii>riiii •'■■ ■■•■■''! mi inih' •iiii!<>.iit>t'.i} DII inixiii1'^' >I>I>' >"'

no crater

^- NOT DRAWN TO SCALE

CHANNEI NWfflER

DISTANCE FT.


PEAK PRESSURE PSIG

PCM BIOMATION



1A (7.1)

18 40.5 58.39 IB 17 46.5 No triaae r 2A

(8.1) 18 39.7 43.64

ZB 18 26.7 42.35 3A

(32.2) 35 4.56 4.97

3B 34 3.75 4A

(64.5) 61 1.2

4B 60 0.25 5A

(113.8) 102 0.48

5B 101 0.61 6A

(180.6) 158 0.22

6B 158 0.36

35



PIC-005 ■Benite Vertical Strand! 2M -—

1 . Qjj CA r.nnP PQR

DATE TIME TEMP. HUMIDITY BAR. PRES WIND DIR. WIND VEL.

16 Aug 77 1430

32b 3.U m/s


Incomplete detonation benite pieces scattered to 50 pace radius.

TTrrTTTTmrmTTi rnTrrmrm •nniihihtihU'iii/i/i/.tniniuniiihiiJ m/jnu.r?

No crater Witness plate bent

NOT DRAWN TO SCALE

CHANNEI NUMBER

DISTANCE FT.


PEAJ

PCM

. PRESSURE PSIG

BIOMATION



1A (7.1)

16 40.5 No triqqe „

IB " 16 31.0 Data nnic;y ?A

(8.1) 17 21.4 No triqqe r

?R 17 17.8 3A

(32.2) 34 3.99 Spike-15.8

.3R 34 2.8 4A

(64.5) 55 1.14

4R 60 0.21 RA

(113.8) in? 0.36

RR 10? 0.54 fiA

(180.6) 158 0.22

fip 159 0.18

36



PIC-005 25 #C4 Hemisphere

Cal 7

DATE TIME TEMP. HUMIDITY BAR. PRES.' WIND DIR. WIND VEL.

18 Aug 77 1136

175 7.2 m/s


ASPECT RATIO

NOT DRAWN TO SCALE

CHANNEI NUMBER

DISTANCE FT.


PEAK

PCM

PRESSURE PSIG

BIOMATION


PCM BIOMATION ' REMARKS

1A (7.1)

13 132.4 481, 248 IB 353 I Lona flat res 2A

(8.1) 14 91.6 194 on PCM at 2

2B 14 74.1 165 3A

(32.2) 26 9.97 11.3

3B 26 7.19 7.93 4A

(64.5) 51 2.4

4B 51 0.55

5A ... (113.8)

92 1.09 5R 92 1.22 fiA

(180.6) 149 0.45

fiR 150 ... 0.55

37



PIC-005 23# Benite Horizontal —strarrcr-

DATE TIME TEMP.

HUMIDITY 1# C4 Cone embedded 1/2 wa\MR- PRES. ^0 WIND DIR.

WIND VEL.

18 Aug 1ZZ3

18b i.l m/s


Incomplete detonation benite pieces scattered out to 53 pace radius

11!:} > h !:i; ■ ■ ■ ■;r; -T;;;; ■■

Crate /till"!-- /'....< /.J-, • i 1 III III 1, jlhih /.ylJ ■'-'-'

r rectangular 36"x47"xll" Witness plate deep bent, not cut

^! NOT DRAWN TO SCALE

CHANNEL NUMBER

DISTANCE FT.


PEAK PRESSURE PSIG

PCM BIOMATION



1A (7.1)

11 66.2 No trigger 45.99 IB 12 100.8 No triaaer 73.91 2A

(8.1) 12 64.1 No trigger 47.73

2B 13 35.5 No trigger 36.13 3A

(32.2) 29 6.55 5.88 10.41 8.77

3B 28 3.44 3.47 8.19 6.47 4A

(64.5) 55 1.2 4.13

4B 55 0.25 5A

(113.8) 97 0.6 2.79

5B 97 0.68 2.71 6A

(180.6) 155 0.45 1.04

6B 156 0.18 0.73

38


TEST TITLE TEST SAMPLE SAMPLE WEIGHT IGNITION SOURCE BOOSTER WT. TEST NUMBER

Photo identified as 31

PIC- 005 Beni te Horizontal 23#

i

2#C4 cone 1 3/4" into 30R Ben i t


18 Aug 77 TZW

200 2.0 m/s


Incomplete detonation residues to 50 paces

"777777? / /'/; ////

crater rectangular 30"x30"xll" deep

NOT DRAWN TO SCALE

CHANNEI NUMBER

DISTANCE FT.


PEAK PRESSURE PSIG

PCM BIOMATION



1A (7.1)

16 121.4 116 72.43 54.31 IB 16 89.2 No triggp^ , 55.31 2A

(8.1) 17 58.0 84 85.88 51.52

2B 17 56.3 89.4 71.32 56.99 3A

(32.2) 32 7.12 7.23 12.11 5.06

3B 31 4.69 4.46 11.80 1.85 4A

(64.5) 58 1.80 6.31

4B 58 0.34 5A

(113.8) 99 0.72 3.26

5B 99 0.74 3.03 6A

(180.6) 156 0.45 1.54

6B 157 0.36 3.04

39



PIC-005 25# C4 Hemisphere

Cal 8


19 Aug 77 1044

SUB 1.5 m/s


ASPECT RATIO

-nrrrr-ri ' l TTTTTTfTTi '

NOT DRAWN TO SCALE

CHANNEL NUMBER

DISTANCE FT.


PEAK PRESSURE PSIG

PCM BIOMATION



1A (7.1)

13 257 315 IB 13 f* Q 178 ninninn 2A

(8.1) , 13 llfi 252 Ringing

2B 13 l.lfi 136 Ringing 3A

(32.2) 3.62 No data

3B 26 7 iq 7.93 4A

(64.5) 51 ^ 40

4B 51 n M 5A

(113.8) Ql 1 dR

—

5B Nn Hflta 6A

(180.6) 148 n fi? Nm'«;v nn tn Q

6B No Hatfl

40

Pir.-nnR Renit.p

TEST TITLE TEST SAMPLE SAMPLE WEIGHT IGNITION SOURCE BOOSTER WT. TEST NUMBER JJJJ,; j


19 Auq 77

JM.

4# r.4 Hnnp


335 1.5


CHANNEI NUMBER

1A IB 2A 2B 3A 38 4A. 48 5A 58 6A 68

ASPECT RATIO

Incomplete detonation 8enite scattered to 50 pace radius-

Crater rectangular 45"x45"xl4" deep witness plate bent

NOT DRAWN TO SCALE

DISTANCE FT.


iLJLl

(8.1)

(32.2)

(64.5)

(113-8)

(180.6)

15

15

PEAK PRESSURE PSIG

PCM BIOMATION

77.3 No data

192

JU5L

_S5-

06,9 62.3

:La8_ J3i

2.8 • 34

1-03 no data 0.45 no data


PCM BIOMATION

52.88 67 ?7

£7^82. .44.47

75.49 50.50

-Bad data atypical v/ave form

REMARKS

Ringing

interfprenrp appeared on all channels 9?R

4.86

2, 65

41



PTr.-nnR ?R#r.d Hpmi^phprp

Cal 12


30 Aug 77 0947

187 2.7 m/s


II! :! h .

ASPECT RATIO

k-

-777 .' nni/u/U/i

NOT DRAWN TO SCALE

CHANNEI NUMBER

DISTANCE FT.

1A IB 2A 2B 3A SB 4A 4B 5A 5B 6A 6B

7.1

8.1

32.2

64.5

113.8

180.6


JLL _L5_

_L£_ _22_ 27

_a3_ _24L Jil_ JL52_

PEAK PRESSURE PSIG

PCM BIOMATION

57.5

55.Q 20.75

7.69 6.56 3.00 0.51 1.03 !■?« 0.45 0.73

105 108.55 M-L

75 35.29 8.77 6.94



42


TEST TITLE TEST SAMPLE SAMPLE WEIGHT IGNITION SOURCE_ BOOSTER WT. " TEST NUMBER

PIC-005 Benite 92#

5# C4 cone 9" tall Embedded 41


3Q Aug 77 1114

215- 1.5 m/s


Incomplete detonation residue scattered out to 150'radius

Witness plate bent not cut

NOT DRAWN TO SCALE

CHANNEL NUMBER

DISTANCE FT.


PEAK PRESSURE PSIG

PCM BIOMATION



1A 1.1 84.6 163 83.04 81.06 Noise on c lannel early

1R ~r3~ 85.2 147 77.53 Early trigger ?A 13 91.6 96.97 71.48 tarly trigger 2B 13 53.4 80 51.8$ 65.60 Poor wave shape 3A 23 13.39 12.66 20.25 17.81 3R 22 10.62 10.91 19.91 20.01 4A 46 3.60 n.sa 4R 45 0.64

. ...

RA 87 1.15 7.11 RR 86 1.49 8.52 fiA 144 0.67 4.39 Double peak fiR 143 0.73 1.64

43 .

DISTRIBUTION LIST

Conunander U.S. Army Armament Research and

Development Command ATTN: DRDAR-CG

DRDAR-LCM-E DRDAR-LCM-S (25) DRDAR-SF DRDAR-TSS (5)

Dover, NJ 07801

Chairman Dept of Defense Explosive Safety Board (2) Room 856C, Hoffman Building I 2461 Eisenhower Avenue Alexandria, VA 22331

Administrator Defense Documentation Center ATTN: Accessions Division (12) Cameron Station Alexandria, VA 22314

Commander Department of the Army Office, Chief of Research, Development

and Acquisition ATTN: DAMA-CSM-P Washington, DC 20310

Office, Chief of Engineers ATTN: DAEN-MCZ Washington, DC 20314

Commander U.S. Army Materiel Development and

Readiness Command ATTN: DRCSF

DRCDE DRCRP DRCIS

5001 Eisenhower Avenue Alexandria, VA 22333

45

Commander DARCOM Installations and Services Agency ATTN: DRCIS-RI Rock Island, IL 61299

Director Industrial Base Engineering Activity ATTN: DRXIB-MT and EN Rock Island, IL 61299

Commander U.S. Army Materiel Development and

Readiness Command ATTN: DRCPM-PBM

DRCPM_PBM-T DRCPM-PBM-L (2) DRCPM-PBM-E (2) DRCPM-PBM-LN-CE

Dover, NJ 07801

Commander U.S. Army Armament Materiel

Readiness Command ATTN: DRSAR-SF (3)

DRSAR-SC DRSAR-EN DRSAR-IRC DRSAR-RD DRSAR-IS DRSAR-ASF DRSAR-LEP-L

Rock Island, IL 61299

Director DARCOM Field Safety Activity ATTN: DRXOS-ES (2) Charlestown, IN 47111

Commander Volunteer Army Ammunition Plant Chattanooga, TN 37401

Commander Kansas Army Ammunition Plant Parsons, KS 67357

46

Commander Newport Army Ammunition Plant Newport, IN 47966

Commander Badger Army Ammunition Plant Baraboo, WI 53913

Commander Indiana Army Ammunition Plant Charlestown, IN 47111

Commander Holston Army Ammunition Plant Kingsport, TN 37660

Commander Lone Star Army Ammunition Plant Texarkana, TX 75501

Commander Milan Army Ammunition Plant Milan, TN 38358

Commander Iowa Army Ammunition Plant Middletown, IA 52638

Commander Joliet Army Ammunition Plant Joliet, IL 60436

Commander Longhom Army Ammunition Plant Marshall, TX 75760

Commander Louisiana Army Ammunition Plant Schreveport, LA 71130

Commander Ravenna Army Ammunition Plant Ravenna, OH 44266

Commander Newport Army Ammunition Plant Newport, IN 47966

47

Commander Radford Army Ammunition Plant Radford, VA 24141

Division Engineer U.S. Army Engineer Division, Huntsville ATTN: HNDCD PO Box 1600, West Station Huntsville, AL 35809

Division Engineer U.S. Army Engineer Division, Southwestern ATTN: SWDCD 1200 Main Street Dallas, TX 75202

Division Engineer U.S. Army Engineer Division, Missouri River ATTN: MRDCD PO Box 103, Downtown Station Omaha, NE 68101

Division Engineer U.S. Army Engineer Division, North Atlantic ATTN: NADCD 90 Church Street New York, NY 10007

Division Engineer U.S. Army Engineer Division, South Atlantic 30 Pryor Street, S.W. Atlanta, GA 30303

District Engineer U.S. Army Engineer District, Norfolk 803 Front Street Norfolk, VA 23510

District Engineer U.S. Army Engineer District, Baltimore PO Box 1715 Baltimore, MD 21203

District Engineer U.S. Army Engineer District, Omaha 215 N. 17th Street Omaha, NE 68102

48

District Engineer U.S. Army Engineer District, Philadelphia Custom House 2nd and Chestnut Street Philadelphia, PA 19106

District Engineer U.S. Army Engineer District, Fort Worth PO Box 17300 Fort Worth, TX 76102

District Engineer U.S. Army Engineer District, Kansas 601 E. 12th Street Kansas City, MO 64106

District Engineer U.S. Army Engineer District, Sacramento 650 Capitol Mall Sacramento, CA 95814

District Engineer U.S. Army Engineer District, Mobile PO Box 2288 Mobile, AL 36628

Commander U.S. Army Construction Engineering

Research Laboratory Champaign, IL 61820

Commander Dugway Proving Ground ATTN: STEDP-MT-DA-HD (2) Dugway, UT 84022

Civil Engineering Laboratory Naval Construction Battalion Center ATTN: L51 Port Hueneme, CA 93043

Commander Naval FVcilities Engineering Command (Code 04, J. Tyrell) 200 Stovall Street Alexandria, VA 22322

49

Commander Atlantic Division Naval Facilities Engineering Command Norfolk, VA 23511

Commander Chesapeake Division Naval Facilities Engineering Command Building S7 Washington Navy Yard Washington, DC 20374

Commander Northern Division Naval Facilities Engineering Command Building 77-L U.S. Naval Base Philadelphia, PA 19112

Commander Southern Division Naval Facilities Engineering Command ATTN: J. Watts PO Box 10068 Charleston, SC 29411

Commander Western Division Naval Facilities Engineering Command ATTN: W. Moore San Bruno, CA 94066

Commander Naval Ammunition Depot Naval Ammunition Production

Engineering Center Crane, IN 47522

Technical Library ATTN: DRDAR-CLJ-L Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005

Technical Library ATTN: DRDAR-TSB-S Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010

50

Benet Weapons Laboratory Technical Library ATTN: DRDAR-LCB-TL Watervliet, NY 12189

Ammann and Whitney 2 World Trade Center New York, NY 10048

Weapon System Concept Tbam/CSL ATTN: DRDAR-ACW Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010

U.S. Army Materiel Systems Analysis Activity ATTO: DRXSY-MP Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005

51

Documents

TECHNICAL LIBRARY LIBRARY AD-E400 354 TECHNICAL REPORT ARLCD-TR-79017 TNT EQUIVALENCY OF BENITE PROPELLANT M. F. LEONDI J. P. CALTAGIRONE AUGUST 1979 US ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND