•  TEMPERATURE: a measure of the ______________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ (the degree of hotness). –  As average kinetic energy of an object increases, its temperature will

increase.

–  _______________ average kinetic energy = higher temperature = hotter

–  _______________ average kinetic energy = lower temperature = colder

•  THERMOMETER: an instrument that measures and indicates temperature.

TEMPERATURE SCALES •  _____________________________

and _____________________________ are common scales used for measuring temperatures.

•  FAHRENHEIT SCALE:

•  Water freezes at _________ at SAP

•  Water boils at ___________ at SAP

•  CELSIUS SCALE:

•  Water freezes at _________ at SAP

•  Water boils at ___________ at SAP

TEMPERATURE SCALES •  The __________________

scale is based on absolute zero.

•  _____________________ is the temperature at which:

1._______________________________________________________________

and

2.  ________________________________________________________________

•  It is 0 K on the Kelvin scale or –273.16ºC on the Celsius scale.

•  Temperature changes indicate an

__________________________________________________

•  HEAT: amount of energy transferred between objects that are at __________________________________________________ •  The transfer of energy as heat ALWAYS takes place from a

substance at a

___________________________________________________

to a substance at a

___________________________________________________.

•  For example, if you hold a glass of ice water in your hands, energy will be transferred as heat from your hand to the glass.

Differences Between Heat and Temperature

•  Compare: –  one bucket of 30 °C water –  one drop of 30 °C water

•  Do they have the same temperature? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

•  Do they have the same amount of heat? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

•  Temperature = the _________________ of hotness •  Heat = the _________________ of hotness

THINK!

In your own words, define: ‘Temperature’= ‘Heat’=

Give one example of heat transferring from a high temperature substance to a low temperature substance.

•  THERMAL CONDUCTION: the transfer of energy as heat through a material due to temperature differences.

•  Conduction involves heat moving through objects in

________________________________ or through a single material.

•  Conduction takes place when two objects or parts of an object are at

_______________________________________________________.

•  CONVECTION: energy is carried away by a heated fluid that expands and rises above cooler, denser fluids.

•  CONVECTION CURRENT: the _______________________ of fluids due to temperature variations.

•  Convection results from the movement of _____________________________________________________________________

•  RADIATION: energy transferred as heat in the form of ____________________________________________________(infrared waves are heat). •  Unlike conduction and convection,

radiation does not involve the movement of matter.

•  Radiation is therefore the only method of energy transfer that can take place in a ________________________________

•  Much of the energy we receive from the ________ is transferred by radiation

•  ____________________ objects absorb solar radiation while ____________________ objects reflect solar radiation.

THINK!

Give an example of: Conduction=

Convection=

Radiation=

•  CONDUCTOR: Any material through which energy can be easily transferred as heat

•  INSULATOR: Any material through which energy is difficult to be transferred as heat. •  Gases are extremely _________

conductors.

•  Liquids are also _____________ conductors.

•  Some solids, such as rubber and wood, are __________________ conductors.

•  Most metals are _____________ conductors.

THINK!

What is it mean if something is a good conductor? Give an example.

What does it mean if something is a good insulator? Give an example.

•  SPECIFIC HEAT: describes

_______________________________

_______________________________

is required to raise an object’s

______________________________.

–  Specific heat is defined as the quantity of heat required to raise a certain amount of mass of a material 1 K or 1°C.

Specific Heat Equation energy = (specific heat) ! (mass) ! (temperature change)

energy = c * m * Dt

Specific Heat Practice 1.  When trying to boil water, which heats up faster – the metal pot or the

water?

–  ______________________________________

–  Water has ________________________ specific heat (4.186) •  Takes MORE heat to cause the temperature to rise

–  Stainless Steel has ______________________ specific heat (0.500) •  Takes LESS heat to cause the temperature to rise

2.  When at the beach on a sunny day, which is hotter – sand or water?

–  ______________________________________

–  Water has ________________________ specific heat (4.186)

–  Sand has ________________________ specific heat (0.835)

THINK!

Water has a very high specific heat. Give one reason why this helps us stay alive.