8/3/2019 Tetracycline Poster
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TETRACYCLINE PRODUCTIONRex Salvador T. Tenazas
Department of Biology
INTRODUCTIONTetracycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic
producedby the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria,indicated for
use against many bacterial infections.
Chemically it is composed of a naphthacene ring,which is a four
ring structure. Tetracycline is effectiveagainst Gram-negative and
Gram positive bacteria,mycoplasmas, chlmydias rickettsias. This
druginhibits bacterial protein synthesis by blocking thebinding of
aminoacyl tRNA to ribosomes.1 .
HISTORY OF PRODUCTIONThe first member of the tetracycline group
to be
discovered is Chlortetracycline (Aureomycin) in thelate 1940s by
Dr. Benjamin Duggar who derived thesubstance from a golden-colored,
fungus-like, soil-d w e l l i n g b a c t e r i u m n a m e d S t r
e p t o m y c e s aureofaciens. Oxytetracycline (Terramycin)
wasdiscovered shortly afterwards; it came from a similar
soil bacterium named Streptomyces rimosus. RobertBurns Woodward
determined the structure ofOxytetracycline enabling Lloyd H.
Conover tosuccessfully produce tetracycline itself as a
syntheticproduct. The development of many chemicallyaltered
antibiotics formed this group. In June 2005,
tigecycline, the first member of a new subgroup oftetracyclines
named glycylcyclines, was introduced tot rea t in fec t ions tha t
a re res is tan t to o the rantimicrobics including conventional
tetracyclines.2
PRODUCTION PROCESSThe ingredients like corn steep liquor, soy
flour or
peanut meal is added to the fermentation medium asthe suppliers
of carbon and nitrogen. The addition ofglucose or starch also helps
in the good growth of themicroorganisms and the production of
antibiotic. Theoptimum temperature for the growth is 27-30C, pH
6.5-7.5 and aeration 0.8-1.0 vvm. The duration offermentation is
around 4 days. To recover theantibiotic, the culture broth is
filtered at the end of
fermentation process to remove the mycelium. Thef i l t r a t e
i s t r e a t e d w i t h n - b u t a n o l o rmethylisobutylketone
in acidic or alkaline condition
for extract ing the ant ibiot ic. The process ofadsorption to
activated charcoal is done to removeother impurities. After the
elution of tetracycline, it iscrystallized.3 .
Inoculum
Agar Plates
Shake Flask
Prefermenter
Fermenter
Mycelium Removal
Recovery and Purification
PROCESS FLOWCHART
REFERENCES1Klajn, R., (n.d.). Chemistry and Chemical Biology
of
Tetracyclines. Institute of Organic Chemistry. Warsaw,
Poland.Retrieved October 28, 2011, from
http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/tetracycline/tetracycline.htm
2History of Tetracyclines. (2011). Tetraphase
Pharmaceuticals.Retrieved October 28, 2011, from,
http://tphase.com/
technology/history_of_tetracyclines_/default.cfm
3Biopress/Fermentation Technology. (2009). Biotechnology.
Retrieved October 28, 2011, from,
http://www.biotechnology4u.com/industrial_microbia_food_beverage.html
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