THANH PHAN HOA HOC CUA TINH DAU HUONG NEP LAY TLT CAY

DCTA T H O M PANDANUS AMARYLLIA. ROXD - VIET NAM

Le Thi Anh Dao

Khoa Hoa hoc

Trutmg DHSP - DHQG Ha Noi

1. Gidi thieu

cay dtia thorn cd ten khoa hoc la Pandanus amaryllia. Roxb thude hg Pandanaccac. Nd

dugc trdng nhi^u b Cau Giiy (Ha Ndi), Son Tay, Hai Phdng va cac tinh mi6n Nam [ 1 ]. Trong

dan gian nd dugc sir dung lam huong ne'p cua gao tam xoan (n^u com them vao vai la cho thom

com), cay dura thom cho miii huong nep de chiu, ngon lanh dugc diing trong cdng nghiep thuc

p h i n nhu tao mui huong nep cho banh keo, cho gao. Cay diJa thorn dugc mgc hoang va trong

nhilu b c^c nude Chau A nhu Thai Lan, Malaixia, Inddnexia, Philippin... Bg phan cho huong

ne p la e^c la banh te; la de heo cang thom miii com nep, mui ben b nhiet dd cao. Tren th^ gidi

da cd nhi6u cdng trinh nghien cvax tach chi^t huong nep, xac djnh thanh phSn hoa hgc eiia nd,

cung nhu xdc dinh ch^t gay miii huong nep [2] [3] [4] [5]. Nhung b nude ta chua thJy cd cdng

trinh nao cdng bd ve huong nep. Buttery [4] va cac cdng tnnh [3] [5] [6] da khing dinh dugc

chit gay miii huong nep la 2 - axetyl - 1 pyrroline trong gao te thom. Ngudi ta cung da nghien

curu sir phii thudc cua ndng dd 2 - axetyl - 1 - pyrroline vdi miii thom nep ciia gao te therm va cac

phuong phdp di^u ch^ cdng nghiep nd. Ndng dd ciia nd rii nhd (chi tinh p h ^ trieu). Trong gao

thom vdi 7 phSn ty eiia 2 - axetyl - 1 - pyrroline thi gao da cd mui huong n^p. Trong Id diia

thom loai Pandanus amaryllia. Roxb ed ham lucmg 2 - axetyl - 1 - pyrroline cao gip hang tram

va hang n g ^ ISn so vdi gao tam th(*m. Trong la di'ra Xham ngoai chat thom ehfnh la 2 - axetyl -

1 - porroline con cd mot so chat khae gdp phan tao huong thom nep. Dd la cdc piperidin

ankaloit cd khung QNC, nhu Pandamarilaetone - 1, pandamarilaetone - 31 hoac

pandamarilacton - 32 cd tac dung sinh ly cao [3] [7]. Sau day la mot so ket qua chiing tdi thu

nhan dugc.

2. Ket qua va thao luan

MSu M du-a thom nghien ciiu dugc lay b xa Mai Dich, Quan Cau Giay, Ha Ndi.

2.1. Xac dinh ham lucnig tinh ddu hifcnig nep:

lA diia thom trudc khi nghien eiiu, chiing tdi da xac dinh dugc do am theo hai phuong phdp va cd dd i n tir 71-86%. Chiing tdi xac dinh ham lugng tinh dau huong nep theo ba phuong phdp. Khi xdc dinh ham lugng tinh dau huong nep bang phuong phap ngam chiet vdi ancol etylic da xdc dinh dugc dieu kien tdi uu cho vice ngam chig t la ddng ancol etylic 96" nhiet dd ngam chi^t la 50°.

Y,£i qua dugc neu tren bang 1

192

Bang 1. Ham luong tinh dau hirtmg ne'p

Phuong phdp

1

2

3

Hieu suat (%)

l ,6Mo-

1,13

0,176

Nhan xet

Thom huong ne'p, thom nggt ed mui dirdng de chiu

Xanh dam, hoi nhdl, thom mui huong ne'p nggt

Xanh dam, nhdt, mui thom nep bde

1. Ca't Idi cud'n hoi nude

2. Ngam chict bang ancol etylic 96" d 50" (8 gid)

3. Ngam chiet bang ete dau hoii b 65 - 70°C (8 gid)

Nhu vay ham lugng tinh dau huong ne'p tach bang each eat Idi cud'n hoi nude ra't thap

1,63.10 •"%. Khi ngam chiet bang etanol, ete dSu hoa thi thu dugc nhieu hon nhimg ta eon chiet

them ca cac chit phii (elororin) nen dung dich trd nen xanh dam, hoi nhdt.

2.2. Xdc dinh thanh phan hod hoc ciia tinh ddu hifong ne'p:

Sau khi lam khd tinh dau huctng nep bang Na^SOi khan chiing tdi da dung phuong phap

GC-MS, d^ xac dinh thanh phan hoa hoc eiia nd.

Bdiig 2. 'Thanh phan hod hoc ciia tinh ddu hifoiig ne'p

(Phan cat Idi cud'n hoi nude)

SdTTpic

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

Thdi giim km

4,11

5,35

5,83

7,09

7,6

7,8

9,52

11,52

13,20

14,37

14,63

15,58

Ten chal

etanol

axel on

n-propanol

Chua biet

Chua biet

1 - penlen - 3 - ol

Chua biet

(Z) 3 - hexen - 1 - ol

2 - axetyl - 1 - pyrroline

2,4,4 - Irimetylbut - 2 - cnolite

3 - metyl - 2 (5H) - lur;monc

Ham lirimg

0,5420

2,3570

2,0680

2,0240

0,8410

3,0440

0,8061

0,2016

3,1450

0,1862

83,8191

193

Trong sd 12 chit thi chiing tdi da nhan bi^t dugc 7 chit. DaQ biet cf day chiing tdi phat

hien ra 2 - axetyl - 1 - pyrroline (pie sd 10, thdi gian luii 14,37 phut ehiem 3,145%) la chit

thom miii huong n^p khic vdi tinh diu huong n^p ciia Indonexia [5] Malaixia la b chd tinh diu

huong n^p cua hg khdng cd chat nay ma chi cd cac ankaloit piperidin Q N Q . Cd the do hg

khdng eit bang Idi cud'n hei nude hoac chiet bang etanol ma cac tac gia da dung CHjCl^ hoac

CHQj?

Nhu vay thanh phin chinh cua tinh diu huong ne p la 3 - metyl - 2 (5H) - furanone (pic

12) ehie'm 83,8191%. Thanh phan cua tinh diu huong ne'p la cac ancol, xeton va 3 - metyl - 2

(5H) - furanone. Chinh chit nay da lam cho tinh diu huong ng p thom, mui dudng. Vi ban thin 3

- metyl - 2 (5H) furanone nguyen chit cd mui thom, vi nggt, mui thom ngon cua mat ong, keo

caramen.

2.3. Tach cac chat:

Chung tdi da diing sdc ky cot vdi chit hip thu la siliagel G, sic ky ban mdng, vdi dung

mdi chay khic nhau (ete dau hoa), CHCI3, CHCI3/CH3OH (3: 1), CH3OH thu dugc 4 phan doan

khic nhau. Trong dd phan doan 3 (CHCO3/CH3OH: 3/1) thu dugc mot giai vang cd mui huong

n£fp. Tich ti^p tuc bang cac dung mdi tren eit quay dudi dung mdi chiing tdi thu dugc 2 chit

sau:

a. 3 - metyl - 2 (5H) - furanone: da xac nhan bang GC-MS, gidng vdi phd chuin (94%)

gdm cic manh nhu phd chuin MS = 98, 41, 53, 69, 83.

- Khang dinh bang phd hdng ngoai cung thiy triing vdi phd chuin vdi cac pic sau: 2959

cm ' , 1730 cm ' , 1581,8 em ' , 1464cm', 1381 cm' , 1273cm', 1122 cm ' , 1071 c m ' , 1039,8 cm'

' v a 7 4 2 c m ' [5].

b. 2 - axetyl - 1 - pyrroUne: 85% gidng \ib\ phd chuin. M = 11 Im m/c = 43, 41, 42, 83,

39, 55, 68, 69, 82 va [4].

3. Ket luan

1. Chiing tdi da xac djnh dugc ham lugng tinh diu huong n^p tir ciy du"a thom Pandanus

amaryllia. Roxb bang ba phuong phap khae nhau, cho hieu suit khic nhau.

2. Da xac dinh dugc 7 chit trong sd 12 chit ciaa tinh diu hudng tach bang phuong phap

eit Idi cud'n hoi nude. Thanh phin chu yeu cua nd la 3 - metyl - 2 (5H - furanone ( > 83%), cac

ancol va dac biet la ed chit gay miii huong nep 2 - axetyl - 1 - pyrroline (3,4154%).

3. Bude diu tach biet dugc 3 - metyl - 2 (5H) - furanone va 2 - axetyl - 1 - pyrroline va

nhin dang eiu tao ciia chiing qua phuong phap khdi phd va hdng ngoai. (Vi khudn khd bai vi^t

nen chiing tdi se trinh bay cac miu chiet bang ete dau hoa amoletylic sau).

Tdi lieu tham khdo

1. Dd Tit Lgi. Nhung cay thude va vi thude Viet Nam. NXB Khoa hgc ky thuat - 1995,

trang 1121 - 1122.

2. Loo Choo Teng T.C.Shen and S.H. Gon. Economic BOSTANY 1979, tap 33 trang 72-

74.

194

3. Maribel G. Nonato: The "Pandans" as patential source of new parmaceuticals". ASOMS. IX, 1998, Hanoi, trang 62.

4. Ron. G. Buttery Louisa C. Long, Thomas R. Mon Quantitative Analysis of 2 - axetyl -1 -pyrrolinee in Rice. J. Agric Food cheml986, tap 3, trang 112.

5. J. Jiang: Volatile composition of pandan leaves (Pandanus - amerryllifolius). 5th -Chemical congress of North America - Symposium 504. Nov. 1997, Mexico.

6. Vararon lakcanaUimai...: Comparison of Arorn*Compound (2 - axetyl - 1 - pyrroline in Leaves from Padan (Pandanus amaryllifolius) and Thai Fragrant Rice. Cereal chem. Tip 70 s d 4 - 1993 trang 381 -384.

7. Maribel Nonato va cdng sir: Stnictural charactezation of piperidin alkaloids from Pandanus amarylliflius by inverse detectet 2D-NMR - techniques. Phytochemistry 1993 tap 34, trang 1159-1163.

SUMMARY

Chemical composition of the Essential oil of Pandanus amaryllia. Kuxb - Cau Giay •

Ha Ngi - Vict Nam

Fresh Leaves of Pandanus amaryllia - Roxb from Cau Giay - Hanoi were steam distilled to produce an oil in 1,62.102% yield and was analised using GC-MS of the more than 12 components separated, 7 were indentified. The major components were 3 - metyl - 2 (5H) -furanone (A) (83,8%); 2 - axetyl - 1 - pyrroline (3,145%) B; 1 - penten - 3 - ol. A, B -compounds were isolated.

195