The American The American RevolutionRevolution

Vocabulary Sec 1Vocabulary Sec 1

Warm Up 10-3Warm Up 10-3 Define the following in your Define the following in your

notes, use page 193 to help notes, use page 193 to help you!you!Mercenary-Mercenary-Strategy-Strategy-Rendezvous-Rendezvous-

The American RevolutionThe American Revolution

20-30% were 20-30% were LoyalistLoyalist 40-45% were 40-45% were PatriotsPatriots Rest remained Rest remained NeutralNeutral

What does it mean to remain neutral?What does it mean to remain neutral? Many loyalist worked for the British Gov’t Many loyalist worked for the British Gov’t

and were Clergy for the Church of and were Clergy for the Church of England.England.

Native Americans would be splitNative Americans would be split African Americans some would fight for African Americans some would fight for

British (5,000), some for America.British (5,000), some for America.

Washington Creating an Washington Creating an ArmyArmy

George Washington-George Washington- Commander Commander of the Continental Armyof the Continental Army

Problems in creating an army:Problems in creating an army:1.1. Congress asked men to enlist for only Congress asked men to enlist for only

one yearone year– Men went homeMen went home– Number never exceeded 17,000Number never exceeded 17,000

2.2. Congress inability to supply the troopsCongress inability to supply the troops

Trouble supplying the Trouble supplying the troopstroops

Washington Washington becomes frustrated:becomes frustrated: ““Could I have Could I have

foreseen what I have, foreseen what I have, and am likely to and am likely to experience, no experience, no consideration upon consideration upon earth should have earth should have induced (persuaded) induced (persuaded) me to accept this me to accept this command.”command.”

British MercenariesBritish Mercenaries

Washington drove British from BostonWashington drove British from Boston Fought in New York for several months Fought in New York for several months

against against HessiansHessians Why did Washington want to take New York?Why did Washington want to take New York?

Navy couldn’t deploy troopsNavy couldn’t deploy troops British troops drove Washington back through British troops drove Washington back through

New Jersey to PennsylvaniaNew Jersey to Pennsylvania December 25, 1776 Rowed across the December 25, 1776 Rowed across the

Delaware to TrentonDelaware to Trenton Why December 25Why December 25thth??

British strategyBritish strategy

Cut off New England from the rest of Cut off New England from the rest of the country.the country.

Seize the Hudson River ValleySeize the Hudson River Valley Burgoyne, Howe, and St. Leger were Burgoyne, Howe, and St. Leger were

to rendezvous at Albany, N.Y.to rendezvous at Albany, N.Y. Howe and St. Leger left Burgoyne high Howe and St. Leger left Burgoyne high

and dry!and dry!

European SupportEuropean Support

France and Spain would help in the France and Spain would help in the War effort.War effort. SecretlySecretly Until the Americans won at the Battle of Until the Americans won at the Battle of

Saratoga!Saratoga! Help send supplies and troopsHelp send supplies and troops Now publicly supported the AmericansNow publicly supported the Americans

France wanted revenge on the BritishFrance wanted revenge on the British Spain wanted to expand their empire!Spain wanted to expand their empire!

Britain moves the War Britain moves the War SouthSouth

Wanted to gain the support of the Wanted to gain the support of the Loyalist in the SouthLoyalist in the South South had more British LoyalistSouth had more British Loyalist More slavesMore slaves

Britain guaranteed freedom.Britain guaranteed freedom. Two major port CitiesTwo major port Cities

Savannah, GeorgiaSavannah, Georgia Charles Town, South Carolina (Charleston)Charles Town, South Carolina (Charleston)

Francis MarionFrancis Marion

The “Swamp Fox”The “Swamp Fox” Knew the swamps of South Carolina Knew the swamps of South Carolina

better than anyone elsebetter than anyone else Helped Gates navigateHelped Gates navigate Led Guerrilla attacksLed Guerrilla attacks

Warm Up 10-9Warm Up 10-9

Use your book to define the Use your book to define the following key words:following key words: AllyAlly BayonetBayonet DesertDesert PrivateerPrivateer

Battle of Battle of Saratoga/Benedict Saratoga/Benedict

ArnoldArnold Gen. Haratio Gates- General in the Gen. Haratio Gates- General in the

Continental Army.Continental Army. Gen. Benedict Arnold- Continental Gen. Benedict Arnold- Continental

Army leader who led daring attacks Army leader who led daring attacks at the Battle of Saratoga.at the Battle of Saratoga. He would be wounded during the battleHe would be wounded during the battle Eventually he would become disgruntledEventually he would become disgruntled Would later be known as the worst Would later be known as the worst

traitor in U.S. history.traitor in U.S. history.

War on the FrontierWar on the Frontier

George Rogers ClarkGeorge Rogers Clark Led the war on the FrontierLed the war on the Frontier His victory protected America’s claim His victory protected America’s claim

WestWest of Appalachian Mountains of Appalachian Mountains

Help from EuropeHelp from Europe

By winning the Battle of Saratoga, the By winning the Battle of Saratoga, the Americans encouraged the French and Americans encouraged the French and Spanish to join their effort for Spanish to join their effort for Independence.Independence.

This would force Britain to fight a This would force Britain to fight a number of enemies not only on land but number of enemies not only on land but at sea.at sea. Example: The British were afraid that the Example: The British were afraid that the

French would attack the British West French would attack the British West Indies. So they had to send troops there.Indies. So they had to send troops there.

Marquis de LafayetteMarquis de Lafayette

19 year old French nobleman19 year old French nobleman He volunteered for Washington’s Army He volunteered for Washington’s Army

and quickly worked his way up and was and quickly worked his way up and was put in command of a division.put in command of a division.

He won the respect of his men, thus He won the respect of his men, thus becoming a great leader.becoming a great leader. Lafayette would use his own money to provide Lafayette would use his own money to provide

food, clothing, and shelter for his men.food, clothing, and shelter for his men. Washington would regard him almost as a son.Washington would regard him almost as a son.

Valley ForgeValley Forge

General Washington was forced to General Washington was forced to spend the winter of 1777-1778 at spend the winter of 1777-1778 at Valley Forge, PennsylvaniaValley Forge, Pennsylvania

Many soldiers would desert from the Many soldiers would desert from the army during this horrible timearmy during this horrible time

Soldiers had little clothes, food, and Soldiers had little clothes, food, and shoes.shoes. The snow would be covered in red due to The snow would be covered in red due to

those soldiers who did not have any shoes.those soldiers who did not have any shoes.

Valley Forge Cont’dValley Forge Cont’d

Roughly ¼ of the Roughly ¼ of the soldiers would die soldiers would die from malnutrition, from malnutrition, exposure to the cold, exposure to the cold, smallpox, and smallpox, and typhoid fever.typhoid fever.

Private citizens Private citizens would bring supplies would bring supplies that would help the that would help the army make through army make through the winter.the winter.

To this day the To this day the name Valley Forge name Valley Forge stands for great stands for great hardships endured hardships endured by Americans.by Americans.

War at SeaWar at Sea

Much of the U.S. Navy was made up Much of the U.S. Navy was made up of Privateers.of Privateers. U.S. ships given permission by the U.S. U.S. ships given permission by the U.S.

government to attack British merchant government to attack British merchant ships.ships.

They were allowed to sell the contents They were allowed to sell the contents of the opposing ship and make money.of the opposing ship and make money.

John Paul JonesJohn Paul Jones

A famous officer who won one of the most A famous officer who won one of the most famous sea battle in American history.famous sea battle in American history.

Commander of the Bonhomme RichardCommander of the Bonhomme Richard He would ram the British shipsHe would ram the British ships

The British Captain of the Serapis demanded The British Captain of the Serapis demanded that Jones give up.that Jones give up.

Jones replied, “I have not yet begun to fight.”Jones replied, “I have not yet begun to fight.” Jones was able to overtake the Serapis Jones was able to overtake the Serapis

and sail away.and sail away.

Battle of YorktownBattle of Yorktown

Chesapeake BayChesapeake Bay France closed the water escape routesFrance closed the water escape routes George Washington attacked over landGeorge Washington attacked over land Forced Lord Cornwallis to surrenderForced Lord Cornwallis to surrender

This was the final battle of the This was the final battle of the American RevolutionAmerican Revolution

Treaty of ParisTreaty of Paris

Officially ended the Revolutionary Officially ended the Revolutionary WarWar Most important condition of the treaty Most important condition of the treaty

was that the U.S. was was that the U.S. was IndependentIndependent Boundaries would be the Mississippi Boundaries would be the Mississippi

River to the West, Canada to the North, River to the West, Canada to the North, and Spanish Florida to the Southand Spanish Florida to the South

American AdvantagesAmerican Advantages

1.1. Better leadership- British leaders were Better leadership- British leaders were over confident. Washington learned over confident. Washington learned from his mistakes and never giving upfrom his mistakes and never giving up

2.2. Foreign aid- France helped greatlyForeign aid- France helped greatly

3.3. Knowledge of the land- Americans Knowledge of the land- Americans knew the lands where the fighting was knew the lands where the fighting was taking place.taking place.

4.4. Motivation- Fighting for their lives and Motivation- Fighting for their lives and liberty.liberty.

Cost of the WarCost of the War

Americans- Americans- 26,000 dead and 1,400 missing26,000 dead and 1,400 missing 8,200 with permanent disabilities8,200 with permanent disabilities Huge War debt that the U.S. needed to pay Huge War debt that the U.S. needed to pay

back $27 millionback $27 million British-British-

10,000 dead10,000 dead Loyalist lost their propertyLoyalist lost their property Between 60,000 to 100,000 Loyalists left the Between 60,000 to 100,000 Loyalists left the

U.S.U.S.

RepublicanismRepublicanism

Republicanism- instead of a King, Republicanism- instead of a King, the people would rule.the people would rule. Citizens elect a representative to Citizens elect a representative to

represent them in governmentrepresent them in government