The Basics ofThe Basics ofVine Training and g

Canopy ManagementLaura Hunsberger

Extension Educator, Agriculture and Natural ResourcesWorcester County

Joseph A. Fiola, Ph.D.S i li t i Viti lt d S ll F it

ySnow Hill, MD

Specialist in Viticulture and Small FruitWestern Maryland REC

Keedysville, MD

“The Wine is made in the Vineyard”The Wine is made in the Vineyard

Vineyard Planting - April 6, 2001, St. Mary’s County

Bill Kirby

April 6, 2001

April 24, 2001

May, 2001

July, 2001

Ben Beale

Dorky headgear reappearsDorky headgear reappears

Upper Marlboro Field Day pp y7/25/2001

September, 2001

Canopy Management Basics

Early Vine TrainingEarly Vine TrainingStraight p!• Straight up!

• Keep graft union above ground• Keep off ground• Tie to stake• Tie to stake• 2 trunks• Trim off suckers and clusters• Eliminate weed competitionEliminate weed competition

Canopy Management Basics

Removeyoungyoungclusters

Canopy Management Basics

Grow tubes

G T bCanopy Management Basics

Grow TubesB fit Li it tiBenefits• Animal damage

Limitations• Cost

• Moisture• Herbicide

• Growth rateTrunk “twist”

• Growth rate• Replaces stake

• Promotes single trunkReplaces stake

• Physical protectiontrunk

• Diseases, insects• Remo al• Removal• Winter damage

The use of milk cartons is a d l t lt tigood, low cost alternative.

• It can disintegrate by the end It can disintegrate by the end of the season • Larger space allows for less g phumidity/moisture• >1 trunk

Canopy Management Basics

Train multiple trunks Train 2 trunksTrain multiple trunks Train 2 trunks

Young Vine TrainingCanopy Management Basics

Young Vine Training

Canopy Management Basics

The Goal = “Ripe grapes”

Canopy Management Basics

“Sunlight into Wine”Sunlight into WineGood Fruit Exposure

Canopy Management Basics

Light Exposure“Air” ExposureP i id EPesticide Exposure

Canopy Management Basics

Benefits of ProperBenefits of ProperCanopy ManagementCanopy Management

• Fruit Exposure • Vine Balance

• Uniform Ripening – Vigor management

• Bud Fruitfulness• Decreased Disease

• Increased Color

• Bud Fruitfulness

• Uniform Bud Break

• Decreased Acidity

I d V l il

• Uniform Shoot Vigor

E f h t• Increased Volatiles • Ease of harvest

Canopy Management Basics

Canopy Management Basics

Balance of vegetativeand reproductive vigorand reproductive vigor

Canopy Management Basics

Training System TermsR k• Rootstock• Sucker

• LeafBladeP i l• Scion/Variety

• TrunkPetiole

• Tendril• Bud

• Cordon• Cane

• Bud1o, 2o , 3o

• ClusterCane• Spur• Shoot

BerryRachis

• Shoot• Lateral

Training System TermsCanopy Management Basics

Training System Terms

Canopy Management Basics

Vertical

Lateral

Varietal growth habit

T i i S t TCanopy Management Basics

Training System Types• Single Canopies• Single Canopies

• “VSP” Vertical Shoot PositioningHi h C d T i i• High Cordon Training

• Split Canopies Vertical• Smart-Dyson• Scott-Henryy

• Split Canopies Horizontal• LyreLyre• Geneva Double Curtain “GDC”

Canopy Management Basics

Vertical Shoot PositioningVertical Shoot Positioning• Simple “I” trellis setup• Simple I trellis setup

• Easy and quick to establish

• Get into production quickly

• Easy maintenance during growing season

• Good for fruit exposureGood for fruit exposure

• Easy to harvest, hand or mechanical

• Easy to winter prune, cordon, or cane

Canopy Management Basics

Vertical Shoot PositioningVertical Shoot Positioning

Canopy Management Basics

“VSP V i l Sh P i i i“VSP - Vertical Shoot Positioning

Canopy Management Basics

Exposed fruit zone on uniform spaced shoots

Canopy Management Basics

Managed lateral growth

Canopy Management Basics

High Cordon TrainingHigh Cordon Training• Simple “I” trellis setupSimple I trellis setup

• Easy to establish

• Easy maintenance during growing season

G d f f it• Good for fruit exposure

• Lateral growing varietiesg g

• Easy to harvest, hand or mechanical

• Easy to winter prune, cordon, or cane

Canopy Management Basics

High Cordon TrainingHigh Cordon Training

Canopy Management Basics

Hi h C d T i iHigh Cordon Training

Canopy Management Basics

Smart-Dyson; Scott Henry• Manage high vigor

• Higher yield• Higher yield

• Maintain high quality

• Less shoot positioning and leaf pulling

• Good for fruit exposure

• Easy to harvest hand or mechanicalEasy to harvest, hand or mechanical

Canopy Management Basics

Horizontal Split Scott HenryHorizontal Split - Scott-Henry

Canopy Management Basics

Horizontal Split Smart DysonHorizontal Split – Smart-Dyson

Canopy Management Basics

Open Lyre;G D bl C t iGeneva Double Curtain

• Manage very high vigorManage very high vigor

• High yields

• Maintain high quality

G d f f i• Good for fruit exposure

• Can be mechanizedCan be mechanized

Canopy Management Basics

Lyre – Under and Inside

Canopy Management Basics

Geneva Double Curtain (GDC)Geneva Double Curtain (GDC)

Canopy Management Basics

R ti L f lliReactive- Leaf pulling

Canopy Management Basics

Benefits of ProperBenefits of ProperCanopy ManagementCanopy Management

• Fruit Exposure • Vine Balance

• Uniform Ripening – Vigor management

• Bud Fruitfulness• Decreased Disease

• Increased Color

• Bud Fruitfulness

• Uniform Bud Break

• Decreased Acidity

I d V l il

• Uniform Shoot Vigor

E f h t• Increased Volatiles • Ease of harvest

Basics of Canopy Management

The Goal!