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8/2/2019 The Cadastral Cartography Conception- Helge Onsrud
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8/2/2019 The Cadastral Cartography Conception- Helge Onsrud
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Norwegian Mapping and Cadastre AuthorityStatens kartverk
State enterprise under the Ministry
of the Environment
National authority for geodesy,topographic data, cadastre, landregister and hydrographicalcharting
16 offices nation-wide Annual turnover approx EUR 1.000
mill
820 staff
Founded 1773
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TIME 100/Scientists & Thinkers
Hernando de SotoUnlocking the Riches of the Poor
Development schemes for Third World countries
rarely benefit the poor, largely because aid is too
often squandered by corrupt bureaucracies. That
makes fresher, commonsense visions like those
of Peruvian economist Hernando de Soto all the
more welcome. De Soto has spent years looking
deep inside the underground economies where
poor people--who make up two-thirds of the
world's population--eke out a living. He figures the
value of their extralegal property, from cinder-block squatter homes to black-market street-
vendor sales, at almost $10 trillion. De Soto
insists that bringing the poor and their assets into
the formal economy, which is usually closed to
them by oligarchies and epic red tape, would
eclipse all previous development efforts.
Development depends on a property
system functioning for all
Hernando de Soto
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Rights
PropertyObjects
Persons
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Rights
PropertyObjects
Persons
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Data about Property Objects
Textual data :
Surface area ,Tax value,Land use
Graphical data : Parcel map or Cadastre Map
Drawings of other property objects
Buildings, apartments
Often referred to as The Cadastre
Confusing terminology
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Role of Cadastre Map
Making it possible to transact; To sell andmortgage more safely;
knowing the location and extent of the parcel
without visiting the boundaries of the parcel Providing information for taxation, land use
planning, etc
Reducing the risk for disputes betweenneighbours
Evidence of boundaries
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What defines a boundary ?
A thing in the field or a line on a map ? Almost everywhere in the World, the legal
understanding is that a boundary is a thing in thefield, marked by special markers, fences, hedges , etc
The realities in the field overrule the map In case of a dispute a good map will be important
evidence
The legal understanding of boundaries, and the role ofthe map in this, should be defined by Law
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Properties are 3 D
Properties extend upwards and downwards
Boundaries are projections of vertical phases
or invisible walls surrounding the parcel
Being a model of the realities in the field the
cadastre map could be 3 dimensional
Coming in very densely built up cities
Not needed elsewhere
Being more and more supported by GIS
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Geodetic accuracy ?
Consequence of the legal role of the map versusrealities in the field
Mostly moderate requirements to geodetic
accuracy Index maps with moderate accuracy most often good
enough
Taxation, land use planning etc do not need high
accuracy SDI - mixing with other geographic data defines the
accuracy standardnot to make spaghetti
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Cadastre maps are established from
various sources
Digitizing old paper maps
Identification of boundaries in orthophotos
Field surveys Surveying not expensive, but very time consuming
to deal with neighbours in the field
The database must give information about the
source and related accuracy for every
boundary corner point
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Content of the cadastre map
Big differences between countries
Recommendation: Make it simple ;should onlycontain data resulting from cadastral surveys Only boundaries, parcel numbers, position of
boundary markers, position of easements if surveyed(+ perhaps building footprints)
Cadastre map is an important component to a
National Spatial Data Infrastructure The full picture only when cadastre maps are
combined with other maps and orthophotos
Service Oriented Architecture and Open Source SW aparadigm shift in cadastre IT
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The Basic rule for cadastre projects
All instruments ensuring maintenance of themaps ( and registers) must be in place beforeone single cent is used on systematic cadastral
projects Organisation and skilled staff
Laws
IT system
Procedures
Affordable costs for all