The Cambridge Handbook of Forensic Psychology€¦ · 3.12 Treatment of sexual offenders Leigh Harkins and Brian Thomas-Peter 434 3.13 Rehabilitating violent offenders Devon L. L

The Cambridge Handbook of Forensic Psychology

Forensic psychology has developed and extended from an original, narrow focus onpresenting evidence to the courts to a wider application across the whole span of civiland criminal justice, which includes dealing with suspects, offenders, victims, wit-nesses, defendants, litigants and justice professionals. This handbook provides anencyclopedic-style source regarding the major concerns in forensic psychology. It isan invaluable reference text for practitioners within community, special hospital,secure unit, prison, probation and law enforcement forensic settings, as well as beingappropriate for trainees and students in these areas. It will also serve as a companiontext for lawyers and psychiatric and law enforcement professionals who wish to beapprised of forensic psychology coverage. Each entry provides a succinct outline ofthe topic, describes current thinking, identifies relevant consensual or contestedaspects and alternative positions. Readers are presented with key issues and directedtowards specialized sources for further reference.

Jennifer M. Brown was Professor of Forensic Psychology and Director of Crime andJustice at the University of Surrey. She is currently an honorary professor at theLondon School of Economics. She has been involved with the police service for overtwenty years, having previously held posts as a research manager for HampshirePolice and a syndicate director on the senior command course at Bramshill.

Elizabeth A. Campbell is Senior Lecturer in Clinical Psychology in the Section ofPsychological Medicine at the University of Glasgow. She is also HonoraryConsultant Clinical Psychologist with NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde and a pastPresident of the British Psychological Society. She acts as a consultant to theMetropolitan Police and the Serious Organised Crime Agency.

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Cambridge University Press978-0-521-70181-5 - The Cambridge Handbook of Forensic PsychologyEdited by Jennifer M. Brown and Elizabeth A. CampbellFrontmatterMore information

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The Cambridge Handbookof Forensic Psychology

Edited byEdited by

Jennifer M. Brown

and

Elizabeth A. Campbell






cambridge univers ity press

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Cambridge University PressThe Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK

Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York

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© Cambridge University Press 2010

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First published 2010

Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge

A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data

The Cambridge handbook of forensic psychology / edited by Jennifer M. Brown and Elizabeth A. Campbell.p. cm. – (Cambridge handbooks in psychology)

Includes bibliographical references.ISBN 978-0-521-87809-8 – ISBN 978-0-521-70181-5 (pbk.)1. Forensic psychology. I. Brown, Jennifer, 1948– II. Campbell, Elizabeth A.III. Title. IV. Series.RA1148.C36 20106140.15–dc22

2010008742

ISBN 978-0521-87809-8 HardbackISBN 978-0521-70181-5 Paperback

Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence oraccuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to inthis publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is,or will remain, accurate or appropriate.






To Patrick






Contents

List of figures page xviList of tables xviiiContributors xixAcknowledgements xxiv

Forensic psychology: a case of multiple identitiesJennifer M. Brown and Elizabeth A. Campbell 1

Part I Psychological underpinnings 15

1.1 Action system applied to forensic topicsDavid Canter 17

1.2 Child and adolescent offendingShihning Chou and Kevin Browne 23

1.3 Developmental perspectives on offendingRobert D. Hoge 34

1.4 The evolutionary psychology perspectiveVernon L. Quinsey 43

1.5 Eyewitness memoryCarolyn Semmler and Neil Brewer 49

1.6 Facet meta-theoryJennifer M. Brown 58

1.7 Head injury and offendingT. M. McMillan 65






1.8 Investigative decision makingMarie Eyre and Laurence Alison 73

1.9 Investigative psychologyDavid Canter 81

1.10 Personality theories and offendingVincent Egan 86

1.11 Pragmatic psychologyDaniel B. Fishman and Jane Goodman-Delahunty 95

1.12 Sexual offendersAnthony R. Beech 102

1.13 Social psychological theories applied to forensic psychology topicsJennifer M. Brown 111

1.14 Theories of changeMary McMurran 118

1.15 Therapeutic jurisprudenceMichael King and David Wexler 126

1.16 Violent offendingKevin Howells 133

Part II Assessments 141

2.1 Child victims of sexual abuseMiranda A. H. Horvath 143

2.2 CredibilityMark Kebbell 153

2.3 Crime pattern analysisJennifer M. Brown 159

viii Contents






2.4 Evaluating violence risk in young peoplePaul A. Tiffin and Joanne M. Nadkarni 166

2.5 Eyewitness testimonyDan Yarmey 177

2.6 False memoryCara Laney and Elizabeth F. Loftus 187

2.7 Intellectual disabilities and offendingJohn L. Taylor and William R. Lindsay 195

2.8 Interrogative suggestibility and false confessionsGisli H. Gudjonsson 202

2.9 Investigative interviewingBecky Milne and Martine Powell 208

2.10 Mental healthSeena Fazel 215

2.11 Mentally disordered offendersDerek Perkins 221

2.12 MemoryMartin A. Conway 230

2.13 Offender profilingDavid Canter 236

2.14 Parenting capacity and conductChristine Puckering 242

2.15 Parole decision makingRenée Gobeil and Ralph C. Serin 251

2.16 Personality and crimeSean Hammond 259

ix Contents






2.17 Personality disorder classification in forensic settingsTodd E. Hogue 267

2.18 PolygraphyDon Grubin 276

2.19 Post-traumatic stress disorderAdria Pearson, Heidi La Bash and Victoria Follette 283

2.20 PsychopathyDavid Cooke 292

2.21 Risk and dangerousness in adultsGrant T. Harris and Marnie E. Rice 299

2.22 Sexual offender assessmentG. A. Serran, W. L. Marshall, L. E. Marshall and M. D. O’Brien 307

2.23 Statement validity analysisJennifer M. Brown 319

2.24 Suicide risk in adolescents and adultsBruce D. Kirkcaldy, Randall Richardson-Vejlgaard and Joav Merrick 327

2.25 Vulnerable adults’ capacityCamilla Herbert 335

Part III Interventions 343

3.1 Child sexual abuseMiranda A. H. Horvath 345

3.2 Clinical relevance of restorative justiceGuy Hall 354

3.3 Crisis negotiationCarol A. Ireland 361

x Contents






3.4 Parenting programmesChristine Puckering 368

3.5 Preventing delinquency and later criminal offendingDavid P. Farrington and Brandon C. Welsh 376

3.6 Programmed interventions for offendersSusan Young 384

3.7 Rediscovering recovery and rehabilitation in drug and alcohol servicesNeil McKeganey 393

3.8 Rehabilitation of offendersJames McGuire 400

3.9 Risk managementRoisin Hall 410

3.10 Suicide in prisonsGraham Towl 416

3.11 Therapeutic communitiesFiona Warren 423

3.12 Treatment of sexual offendersLeigh Harkins and Brian Thomas-Peter 434

3.13 Rehabilitating violent offendersDevon L. L. Polaschek 441

3.14 Victims of terrorismElizabeth A. Campbell 453

Part IV Psychology and criminal behaviour 465

4.1 Residential burglary: methodological and theoretical underpinningsClaire Nee 467

xi Contents






4.2 Criminal careersDavid P. Farrington 475

4.3 Interpersonal deception detectionLynsey Gozna and Julian Boon 484

4.4 Domestic violenceElizabeth Gilchrist 492

4.5 GenocideJoanna R. Adler and Agnieszka Golec de Zavala 502

4.6 Hate crimeTom Ellis and Nathan Hall 511

4.7 Internet sexual offendingMax Taylor and Ethel Quayle 520

4.8 Murder: legal, psychological and investigative approachesLouis B. Schlesinger 527

4.9 RobberyLouise E. Porter 535

4.10 Sexual assaultMiranda A. H. Horvath 543

4.11 Sexual fantasy and sex offendingJane Palmer 552

4.12 StalkingHelinä Häkkänen-Nyholm 562

4.13 Terrorism research: current issues and debatesMargaret Wilson 571

xii Contents






Part V Psychology and civil law 579

5.1 Assessing and reporting on work-related stressElizabeth A. Campbell 581

5.2 Asylum seekers and refugeesElizabeth A. Campbell 588

5.3 Consent and capacity in civil casesCamilla Herbert 596

5.4 Discrimination and employment tribunalsJennifer M. Brown 602

5.5 Personal injuryGraham E. Powell and Charlotte C. Powell 612

Part VI Special topics 621

6.1 ArsonKatarina Fritzon 623

6.2 Bullying among prisonersJane L. Ireland 630

6.3 Child soldiersIlse Derluyn and Eric Broekaert 638

6.4 Crime preventionJennifer M. Brown 645

6.5 Guns and shootingsClaire Cooke 652

6.6 Hostage taking: effects, coping and adjustmentDavid A. Alexander 660

xiii Contents






6.7 HypnosisGraham Wagstaff 668

6.8 Jury decision makingLorraine Hope 675

6.9 Malingering: models and methodsNathan D. Gillard and Richard Rogers 683

6.10 Munchausen by proxyCatherine C. Ayoub 690

6.11 Occupational cultureJennifer M. Brown 700

6.12 Occupational stress in police and prison staffPaula Brough and Amanda Biggs 707

6.13 Sexual harassmentAdrian Bowers and William O’Donohue 718

6.14 Undercover policing and psychological stressRobert J. Edelmann 725

6.15 VictimologyJennifer M. Brown 732

6.16 Young children presenting with sudden infant death syndrome orapparent life-threatening eventsCatherine C. Ayoub 739

Part VII Professional practice 747

7.1 Ethical practiceJennifer M. Brown 749

7.2 Diversity, equality and human rightsJennifer M. Brown 758

xiv Contents






7.3 Expert witnesses in civil casesElizabeth A. Campbell 766

7.4 The psychologist as expert witness in criminal casesMichael Carlin 773

7.5 Professional training and education in forensic psychologyElizabeth A. Campbell 783

Part VIII Research practice 789

8.1 Criminals’ personal narrativesDavid Canter 791

8.2 Designing research using facet theoryJennifer M. Brown 795

8.3 Drawing out the meaning in data: multidimensional scaling withinforensic psychology researchDarragh O’Neill and Sean Hammond 803

8.4 Evaluation of systemic interventionsArlene Vetere 813

8.5 Evaluating offending behaviour programmes in prisonHelen Wakeling and Rosie Travers 820

8.6 Qualitative approaches in relation to forensic research practicePeter Banister 830

8.7 Randomized control trialsClive R. Hollin 837

8.8 Reliable change and clinical significanceDarragh O’Neill 843

Author index 853Subject index 885

xv Contents






Figures

1 Mapping sentence defining those working with forensicpsychology page 11

1.1.1 Definition of modes in an action system 191.1.2 Radex model 211.2.1 The developmental progression from childhood maltreatment to

antisocial and violent behaviour 271.6.1 Circumplex structure 601.6.2 Blackburn’s chart of interpersonal reactions in closed living

environments 611.6.3 Radex structure of rape 621.9.1 Framework for investigative psychology. Reprinted fromD. Canter

and D. Youngs , ‘Beyond “offender profiling”: the need for aninvestigative psychology’ in R. Bull and D. Carson (eds.),Handbook of Psychology in Legal Contexts (2003), with permissionfrom Wiley-Blackwell 83

1.14.1 The Multifactor Offender Readiness model 1212.4.1 The static–dynamic model of risk 1672.14.1 Framework for the assessment of children in need and their

families. Reprinted from Framework for the Assessment of Childrenin Need and Their Families (Department of Health Policy andGuidance, 2000) with permission 245

2.14.2 Integrated assessment framework. Reprinted from IntegratedAssessment Framework (Scottish Executive, 2005) withpermission 245

4.3.1 Considerations for interpersonal deception detection in policeinterviews 486

5.4.1 Percentage of discrimination and non-discrimination casessubmitted between 2000 and 2008 605

6.5.1 Firearms deaths by mode of death for children under 15 years ofage, top ten countries – rate per 100,000 654






6.5.2 Homicide by weapon type 1976–2005 in US 6556.11.1 Cultural web. Reprinted from G. Johnson and K. Scholes,

Exploring Corporate Strategy: Text and Cases, 6th edition (2002),with permission from Pearson Education Limited 702

6.13.1 Flow chart of forensic decisions for sexual harassment (SH) 7208.2.1 Hypothetical mapping sentence 7978.2.2 Hypothetical radex structure of rape behaviours 7978.2.3 Hypothetical representation of adult and adolescent offending,

which together combines into a cylindrex structure 798

xvii List of figures






Tables

1 Definitions of forensic psychology page 52 Definitions of forensic psychology practice 5

1.3.1 Major categories of risk predictors by developmental level 391.11.1 Themes 991.12.1 Risk assessment techniques 1071.14.1 Types of motivation 1221.16.1 Assessment domains for formulation of violence 1352.4.1 A summary of some existing structured instruments which can

contribute to violence risk assessment in children and adolescents 1692.10.1 Aspects of personal history 2162.10.2 Components of mental state examination 2172.12.1 Key guidelines 2312.17.1 DSM-IV criteria for presence of Personality Disorder 2682.23.1 CBCA criteria 3202.23.2 Validity Checklist 3213.1.1 A range of child-focused interventions 3483.11.1 Key concepts of the democratic therapeutic community approach 4264.4.1 Difference between family and domestic violence 4934.10.1 Sexual Offences Act 2003: definitions of rape, assault by

penetration and sexual assault 5444.10.2 Components of three rapist motivation typologies 5464.10.3 Summary of the components of rape using offence behaviours 5475.4.1 UK anti-discrimination laws 6045.4.2 Percentage outcomes of employment tribunal applications 2007/8 6065.4.3 Requirements for expert witness 6086.2.1 Farrington’s definition and associated difficulties in application 6316.5.1 Mass shootings (eight or more dead) in Europe, 1987–2007 6576.9.1 Strategies for the detection of malingering 6866.11.1 Aspects of the cultural web 7037.2.1 Differences between diversity and equal opportunities 759






Contributors

Joanne R. Adler,Middlesex University

David A. Alexander,Robert Gordon University

Laurence Alison,University of Liverpool

Catherine C. Ayoub,Massachusetts General Hospital

Peter Banister,Manchester Metropolitan University

Anthony R. Beech,University of Birmingham

Amanda Biggs,Griffith University

Julian Boon,University of Leicester

Adrian Bowers,University of Nevada, Reno

Neil Brewer,Flinders University

Eric Broekaert,Ghent University

Paula Brough,Griffith University

Jennifer M. Brown,London School of Economics

Kevin Browne,University of Nottingham

Elizabeth A. Campbell,University of Glasgow

David Canter,University of Huddersfield

Michael Carlin,Thomas, Carlin & Pender

Shihning Chou,University of Liverpool

Martin A. Conway,University of Leeds

Claire Cooke,University of Gloucestershire

David Cooke,Glasgow Caledonian University

Ilse Derluyn,Ghent University






Robert J. Edelmann,Whitelands College, RoehamptonUniversity

Vincent Egan,University of Leicester

Tom Ellis,University of Portsmouth

Marie Eyre,University of Liverpool

David P. Farrington,University of Cambridge

Seena Fazel,University of Oxford

Daniel B. Fishman,Rutgers University

Victoria Follette,University of Nevada

Katarina Fritzon,Bond University

Elizabeth Gilchrist,Glasgow Caledonian University

Nathan D. Gillard,University of North Texas

Renée Gobeil,Carleton University

Agnieszka Golec de Zavala,Middlesex University

Jane Goodman-Delahunty,Charles Sturt University

Lynsey Gozna,University of Lincoln

Don Grubin,University of Newcastle

Gisli H. Gudjonsson,King’s College London

Helinä Häkkänen-Nyholm,National Bureau of Investigation,Finland

Guy Hall,Murdoch University

Nathan Hall,University of Portsmouth

Roisin Hall,Risk Management Authority

Sean Hammond,University College Cork

Leigh Harkins,University of Birmingham

Grant T. Harris,Mental Health Centre Penetanguishene

Camilla Herbert,Brain Injury Rehabilitation Trust (BIRT)

Robert D. Hoge,Carleton University

Todd E. Hogue,University of Lincoln

Clive R. Hollin,University of Leicester

xx Contributors






Lorraine HopeUniversity of Portsmouth

Miranda A. H. Horvath,University of Surrey

Kevin Howells,University of Nottingham

Carol A. Ireland,Merseycare NHS Trust

Jane L. Ireland,University of Central Lancashire

Mark Kebbell,Griffith University

Michael King,Monash University

Bruce D. Kirkcaldy,Psychologische Praxis

Heidi La Bash,University of Nevada

Cara Laney,University of Leicester

William R. Lindsay,The State Hospital, Dundee

Elizabeth F. Loftus,University of California

L. E. Marshall,Rockwood Psychological Services

W.L. Marshall,Rockwood Psychological Services

James McGuire,University of Liverpool

Neil McKeganey,University of Glasgow

T.M. McMillan,University of Galsgow

Mary McMurranUniversity of Nottingham

Joav Merrick,Ministry of Social Affairs, Israel

Becky Milne,University of Portsmouth

Joanne M. Nadkarni,West Lane Hospital

Claire Nee,University of Portsmouth

M.D. O’Brien,Rockwood PsychologicalServices

William O’Donohue,University of Nevada,Reno

Darragh O’Neill,University of Surrey

Jane Palmer,Broadmoor Hospital

Adria Pearson,University of Nevada

xxi Contributors






Derek Perkins,Broadmoor Hospital

Devon L. L. Polaschek,Victoria University of Wellington

Louise E. Porter,Griffith University

Charlotte C. Powell,Furnival Chambers

Graham E. Powell,Powell Campbell Edelmann, CharteredPsychologists

Martine Powell,Deakin University

Christine Puckering,University of Glasgow

Ethel Quayle,University College Cork

Vernon L. Quinsey,Queen’s University, Kingston

Marnie E. Rice,McMaster University

Randall Richardson-Vejlgaard,Yale University

Richard Rogers,University of North Texas

Louis B. Schlesinger,City University of New York

Carolyn Semmler,University of Adelaide

G.A. Serran,Rockwood Psychological Services

Ralph C. Serin,Carleton University

John L. Taylor,Tyne and Wear NHS Trust

Max Taylor,University of St Andrews

Brian Thomas-Peter,University of Birmingham

Paul A. Tiffin,Durham University

Graham Towl,Durham University

Rosie Travers,Interventions and SubstanceMisuse Group, National OffenderManagement Service

Arlene Vetere,University of Surrey

Graham Wagstaff,University of Liverpool

Helen Wakeling,Interventions Group, HMPrison Service

xxii Contributors






Fiona Warren,University of Surrey

Brandon C. Welsh,Northeastern University

David Wexler,Relationship Training Institute

Margaret Wilson,University of Surrey

Dan Yarmey,University of Guelph

Susan Young,Kings College London

xxiii Contributors






Acknowledgements

In compiling this handbook, we placed heavy reliance on our contributors andwe are very grateful to them for participating in this project.We also had a great deal of help from Darragh O’Neill, who organized the

entries and maintained our spreadsheet to keep track of them all. Nothing wasever too much trouble and we are indebted to him for his patience andorganizing ability in complying with our many requests for status updates.Darren Hollet assisted in tracking down emails and affiliation details of ourcontributors, whilst lovely CJ and Stu helped at the copy-editing stage.Andy Peart was our first editor at Cambridge University Press and shared

our initial ambition and enthusiasm for the project; he was ably followed byCarrie Parkinson and Liz Davey, who helped with the book to completion.We hope readers will find this book to be a reference source which is both

enjoyable to read and informative.

Jennifer M. BrownElizabeth A. Campbell






Documents

The Cambridge Handbook of Forensic Psychology€¦ · 3.12 Treatment of sexual offenders Leigh Harkins and Brian Thomas-Peter 434 3.13 Rehabilitating violent offenders Devon L. L