The Civil WarThe Civil WarChapter 14

A Divided Nation

North Slavery

– Many abolitionists wanted to end slavery

Tariff– Supported a higher tariff

States’ Rights– Believed federal laws

applied to all states Secession

– Believed states could not legally leave the Union

South Slavery

– Important part of their economy Tariff

– Supported foreign trade and opposed the tariff

States’ Rights– Believed states should have the

right to decide on the issue of slavery themselves

Secession– Believed states had the right to

vote to leave Union

The Democratic Party

States’ Rights to decide about slavery

States’ Rights to leave the Union if citizens vote (secede)– Most supporters

were Southerners

The Republican Party

Stop the western spread of slavery

Economic changes like a higher tariff– Most supporters

were Northerners

Presidential Election of 1860 Democratic Party (split over

slavery)1. Stephen A Douglas was selected

by the Northern Democrats2. John C Breckinridge was selected

by the Southern Democrats Constitutional Union Party

– Only goal was to keep the Union together

3. John Bell Republican Party

4. Abraham Lincoln won the election and became the 16th president of the United States

Reaction to Lincoln’s Election

Southern States had threatened to secede if a Republican won the election of 1860– After the election South Carolina

seceded from the Union– Five other states followed

(Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana)

– They formed their own country The Confederate States of American or Confederacy

Reaction to Lincoln’s Election in Texas

Texans called a convention a voted 166 to 8 secede

Governor Sam Houston wanted to keep Texas from seceding– He refused to take an oath to the

Confederacy and he was removed from office

– He was replaced with Francis R Lubbock who was the 1st Confederate Governor of Texas

– He Died July 26, 1863 in HuntsvilleOn March 2, 1861 Texas became the 7th state to secede

The Confederacy

Jefferson Davis– President of the 11 Confederate

States of America

Everyone had to make a choice of what side to be on

Major General David E Twiggs commander of all US forces in Texas chose the Confederate side and surrendered his command peacefully in San Antonio

The War Begins

Fort Sumter, South Carolina (Southern State)– Union troops refused to

surrender– On April 12, 1861

Confederate troops fired on the fort

This is the official beginning of the Civil War

Texans in the War 60,000 to 70,000 Texans

fought for the Confederacy The most famous units were:

– Hood’s Texas Brigade– Terry’s Texas Rangers– Ross’s Brigade

Texas was know as the “storehouse of the Confederacy”– Goods were brought into and out

of Texas by sea and through Mexico

– Supplies like weapons, food, and horses were then shipped to the rest of the South

Texas Battles of the Civil War

No Major Battles of the War took place in Texas– Most fighting centered on

keeping the Gulf ports open– This was difficult because of the

Union blockade

1. Battle of Glorieta Pass (1862)• Texans tried to take over New

Mexico• Supplies ran low and they were

defeated by Union forces• New Mexico remained part of the

Union the rest of the war

Texas Battles of the Civil War2. Battle of Galveston (1863)

• Union troops had captured Galveston (important port) to cut off Confederate supplies

• Jan 1, 1863, John B Magruder using “cottonclads”, recapture it for the Confederacy

3. Battle of Sabine Pass (1863)• 47 Texans led by Richard Dowling

defeated a much larger Union force• Captured 2 gunboats and 350 Union

soldiers and prevented invasion of Texas

• Received only medals of honor ever awarded by the Confederacy

Texas Battles of the Civil War

4. Battle of Mansfield (1864)• Union tried to invade Texas

from the East following the Red River

• Large Union invasion force was attacked and defeated at Mansfield, Louisiana

5. Battle of Palmito Ranch (1865)• Last battle of the Civil War• Confederacy won, but lost the

war

The Effect of the War on the Texas Home Front

1. Men went off to fight so more work for those left behind• Women managed farms and plantations,

drove cattle, and worked in factories• Slaves were brought to Texas (less

fighting here) to keep them from escaping or being captured by Union troops

2. Blockade reduced the sale of cotton• Many farmers switched to growing food

crops to supply the troops+

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3. Blockade cause shortages of basic supplies• Clothing, newspaper, coffee, and sugar• Prices rose dramatically

The Effect of the War on the Texas Home Front

4. Tensions rose between supporters of the Confederacy and the Union• Union supporters in North Texas

formed a secret society called the Peace Party•Vigilantes hung 40 Peace Party members in Gainesville in 1862

•People in Central Texas, mostly German immigrants, supported the Union

•60 Germans tried to leave Texas to join the Union army•They were ambushed at the Nueces River, some died fighting and the rest were executed

The End of the War

On April 9, 1865 Confederate General Robert E Lee surrendered to Union General Ulysses S Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia

This ended the Civil War