Modern War vs. Civil War Modern WarCivil War Long-range Guns
Smart Bombs Computer Aided Lines of Hundreds of Men Facing Each
Other Separated Only by 1,000 Yards or Less 2 3 Men Deep Front Line
Fired at Opposing Troops While Lines Behind Them Reloaded Cannons
Muskets Firing
Slide 3
3 FIRST MAJOR BATTLE OF THE CIVIL WAR, MANASSAS (South)/BULL
RUN (North) JULY 21, 1861 ALTHOUGH MANY BELIEVED THE UNION TROOPS
WERE NOT READY, THE FIRST BATTLE TOOK PLACE 30 MILES SOUTH OF
WASHINGTON D.C. THE CONFEDERATE ARMY WON THIS BATTLE AND BOTH SIDES
REALIZED THE WAR WOULD BE A LONG HARD STRUGGLE.
Slide 4
Georgias 21 st Regiment Lost 184 of its 242 Men (76%)
Slide 5
5 ANTIETAM BATTLE MAP CONFEDERATE GENERAL ROBERT E. LEE PLANNED
TO INVADE THE NORTH THROUGH MARYLAND FOR SUPPLIES. A MAP WAS FOUND
BY THE UNION ARMY THAT DETAILED THE LOCATION OF THE CONFEDERATE
FORCES. UNION GENERAL GEORGE B. McCLELLAN PLANNED AN ATTACK FOR
SEPTEMBER 1862. FOR TWO DAYS 60,000 UNION TROOPS ATTACKED 30,000
CONFEDERATE SOLDIERS. BOTH SIDES LOST MORE THAN 50% WHICH MADE THIS
THE BLOODIEST BATTLE OF THE ENTIRE CIVIL WAR. THE CONFEDERATES WERE
FORCED TO RETREAT WHICH RESULTED IN THE UNION VICTORY.
Slide 6
6 LINCOLN VISITED GENERAL McCLELLAN AFTER THE BATTLE AT
ANTIETAM, 1862 THIS WAS AN IMPORTANT VICTORY FOR THE NORTH BECAUSE
THE SOUTH HAD BEEN ON THE VERGE OF FOREIGN AID WHICH MIGHT HAVE LED
TO A CONFEDERATE VICTORY. LINCOLN ISSUED THE EMANCIPATION
PROCLAMATION SHORTLY AFTER THIS BATTLE.
Slide 7
Freeing of the Slaves On September 22, 1862, 5 days after the
Battle of Antietam, President Lincoln issued the Emancipation
Proclamation (a document which affected 4 million slaves in the
United States).
Slide 8
Lincoln Warned Lincoln warned the Confederate states to end the
war, return to the Union, and end 244 years of slavery. Lincoln
stated that unless the South surrendered by January 1, 1863, all
slaves in states or districts in rebellion against the US will be
thenceforth and forever free.
Slide 9
South Faced a Choice If surrender, slavery would continue in
the South Choice #1 If did NOT surrender, the institution of
slavery would end. Choice #2
Slide 10
The Confederates Chose to Continue Fighting...
Slide 11
War in Georgia 100 Civil War Battles & Skirmishes in
Georgia 92 of those Battles Were Part of Shermans March to the
Sea
Slide 12
Tybee Island & Fort Pulaski Attacked Fort Pulaski Tybee
Island
Slide 13
Battle of Chickamauga Railroad line just over the Georgia line
near Chattanooga, Tennessee Confederates defeated Union and forced
them back into Tennessee.
Slide 14
Battle of Atlanta UNIONCONFEDERATES General William T. Sherman
112,000 Men Began a campaign toward Atlanta through Dalton, Resaca,
Allatoona, Kennesaw Mountain, New Hope Church Took Over Railroads
& Factories Evacuated City & Burned Atlanta General Joseph
E. Johnston 60,000 men Because of shortage of ammunition & men
retreated south Jefferson Davis disagreed with General Johnstons
strategies...He thought Sherman should be attacked head on...
Replaced Johnston with General John Bell Hood Hood led his troops
in an attack on Sherman and lost 11,000 men in 2 days. Battle moved
to Atlanta.
Slide 15
Slide 16
Confederate Battles = Named after nearby towns or villages
Union Battles = Named after nearby creeks, mountains, or other
geographical features.
Slide 17
Shermans March to the Sea Atlanta to Savannah Destroyed:
military targets, civilian economic system, farms, homes, towns,
railroads, bridges, roads Took 2 Months Estimated Damage = $100
Million
Slide 18
UNION GENERAL SHERMAN LED 62,000 SOLDIERS 285 MILES ACROSS
GEORGIA TO CAPTURE SAVANNAH, THE MAJOR SEAPORT IN THE STATE. ALONG
THE WAY, SOLDIERS BURNED AND LOOTED TO ERADICATE ALL FOOD AND
SUPPLIES. THE CAMPAIGN LASTED FIVE WEEKS FROM NOVEMBER- DECEMBER
1864. THE UNION VICTORY WAS A MAJOR TURNING POINT IN THE WAR,
ENDING ANY CHANCE OF A CONFEDERATE VICTORY.
Slide 19
Sherman said... If the people of Georgia raise a howl against
my barbarity and cruelty, I will answer that war is war and not
popularity seeking.
Slide 20
Shermans Message to President Lincoln On December 22, 1864,
Sherman sent a message to President Lincoln, I beg to present you
as a Christmas gift the City of Savannah with 150 heavy guns,
plenty of ammunition, also about 25,000 bales of cotton.
Slide 21
Sherman Took Savannah the Next Day
Slide 22
22 VICKSBURG JULY 1863: THIS BATTLE SPLIT THE SOUTH IN
HALF
Slide 23
23 UNION MAJOR GENERAL GRANT WANTED TO CAPTURE VICKSBURG AS IT
WAS LOCATED ON THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND WAS A MAJOR SUPPLY ROUTE
FOR THE SOUTH. FROM THE WINTER OF 1862 THROUGH THE SUMMER OF 1863,
THE UNION ARMY ATTACKED; AND, AFTER MANY CASUALTIES, ULTIMATELY
MADE THE CONFEDERATE ARMY SURRENDER ON JULY 4, 1863. VICKSBURG,
MISSISSIPPI
Slide 24
24 GETTYSBURG, JULY 1863 THE CONFEDERATE ARMY TRIED TO INVADE
THE NORTH AGAIN THIS TIME IN PENNSYLVANIA. THE TWO ARMIES MET IN
THE SMALL TOWN OF GETTYSBURG. DURING EARLY JULY, OVER THE COURSE OF
THREE DAYS, THE CONFEDERATE ARMY TRIED UNSUCCESSFULLY TO FORCE THE
UNION ARMY TO RETREAT. THE CONFEDERATE ARMY LOST 28,000 MEN.
Slide 25
25 GETTYSBURG BEFORE AND AFTER THE BATTLE
Slide 26
26 LINCOLNS GETTYSBURG ADDRESS LINCOLN TRAVELED TO GETTYSBURG
TO DEDICATE THE CEMETERY AND COMMEMORATE THE VICTORY. HE GAVE HIS
FAMOUS SPEECH ABOUT SACRIFICE SO THAT LIBERTY WOULD EXIST FOR ALL.
FOUR SCORE AND SEVEN YEARS AGO OUR FATHERS BROUGHT FORTH, UPON THIS
CONTINENT, A NEW NATION, CONCEIVED IN LIBERTY, AND DEDICATED TO THE
PROPOSITION THAT ALL MEN ARE CREATED EQUAL DRAFT OF LINCOLNS
SPEECH
Slide 27
Final Battles of the War On January 13, 1865, the North
captured Fort Fisher in North Carolina and closed the last
Confederate blockade-running port.
Slide 28
28 BATTLE MAP OF GRANTS FINAL CAMPAIGN FOR RICHMOND, VIRGINIA
IN THE SPRING OF 1865, GRANT OVERWHELMED GENERAL LEE AT PETERSBURG,
VIRGINIA AND THEN SEIZED RICHMOND, VIRGINIA, THE CONFEDERATE
CAPITAL. THE LEADERS OF THE CONFEDERATE GOVERNMENT FLED AND LEE
TRIED TO ESCAPE TO THE WEST. HOWEVER HE WAS TRAPPED NEAR THE
APPOMATTOX COURTHOUSE IN VIRGINIA.
Slide 29
RICHMOND, VIRGINIA AFTER THE BATTLE GENERAL ULYSSES S.
GRANT
Slide 30
ROBERT E. LEE SURRENDERED AT THE Mc LEAN HOUSE IN APPOMATTOX
COURTHOUSE ON APRIL 9, 1865. THIS ENDED THE CIVIL WAR WITH A UNION
VICTORY. THE Mc LEAN HOUSE LEE SURRENDERED TO GRANT
Slide 31
South General Robert E. Lee Asked to Meet with Grant to Talk
about Ending the War Jefferson Davis was Captured near Irwinville,
GA April9, 1865 General Lee surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse in
Virginia North General Ulysses S. Grant Twice the Size of the
Souths Army President Lincoln Refused Unless South Surrendered
Slide 32
Major Battles of the War Most Fought on Southern Soil Sites of
MOST Battles #1 = Virginia #2 = Tennessee #3 = Georgia
Slide 33
Civil War Prisons North Point Lookout, Maryland Camp Douglas,
Illinois Elmira, New York Conditions Were Equally Poor 26,000
Confederate Prisoners Died South Andersonville, Georgia Dirty
Shanties Not Enough Food, Water, or Medical Supplies Water
Contaminated Overcrowded 13,000 Union Prisoners Died Neither the
North nor the South had foreseen the problems that would be caused
by large numbers of prisoners over a prolonged war period.
Slide 34
Andersonville
Slide 35
Final Note about the War 620,000 Soldiers Died 1/3 Died from
the War Others Died From: disease wounds hardships of military
prisons Total Cost = Exceeded $15 Billion
Slide 36
WHILE THE SOUTH WAS DEVASTATED AND IN RUINS, THE NORTH WILL
EXPERIENCE ECONOMIC GROWTH!
