THE COLD WARTHE COLD WAR

Chapter 22Chapter 22

Section 1Section 1

Cold War -- confrontation and competition between the U.S. and the Soviet Union

Soviet Union -- Communist since the Bolshevik Revolution

U.S. -- Capitalist WWII is over but conflict quickly arises

between the 2 former allies Soviet focus after WWII -- securing borders

and keeping occupied lands U.S. focus after WWII -- stabilizing

economies and democracy

Cold War -- confrontation and competition between the U.S. and the Soviet Union

Soviet Union -- Communist since the Bolshevik Revolution

U.S. -- Capitalist WWII is over but conflict quickly arises

between the 2 former allies Soviet focus after WWII -- securing borders

and keeping occupied lands U.S. focus after WWII -- stabilizing

economies and democracy

The Cold WarThe Cold War

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Yalta ConferenceYalta Conference The Big 3 (FDR, Churchill and Stalin) met to discuss

their Post War plans 1. Set up the Gov. of Poland -- would remain Soviet

friendly communist until they could hold free elections

2. Declaration of Liberated Europe - “right to choose” - elections

3. Divided Germany and Berlin into 4 separate zones (one controlled by France, Britain, U.S., and U.S.S.R.)

4. Germany would pay some war reparations but not like WWI -- Soviets would get some industrial equipment for their side

The Big 3 (FDR, Churchill and Stalin) met to discuss their Post War plans

1. Set up the Gov. of Poland -- would remain Soviet friendly communist until they could hold free elections

2. Declaration of Liberated Europe - “right to choose” - elections

3. Divided Germany and Berlin into 4 separate zones (one controlled by France, Britain, U.S., and U.S.S.R.)

4. Germany would pay some war reparations but not like WWI -- Soviets would get some industrial equipment for their side

Sect. 1 cont.Sect. 1 cont.

Harry S. Truman becomes the 33rd President when FDR dies in 1945

Truman is very anti-communist Soviets violate the rules of the Yalta

conference Truman meets Stalin in the Potsdam conference Stalin -- wanted Germans to pay for damages of

the war Truman -- against reparations, he thought they

would only weaken Germany’s already weak economy He offers Stalin equipment from the other zones of Germany

Harry S. Truman becomes the 33rd President when FDR dies in 1945

Truman is very anti-communist Soviets violate the rules of the Yalta

conference Truman meets Stalin in the Potsdam conference Stalin -- wanted Germans to pay for damages of

the war Truman -- against reparations, he thought they

would only weaken Germany’s already weak economy He offers Stalin equipment from the other zones of Germany

Sect. 1 cont.Sect. 1 cont.

Pro-communist countries and satellite nations -- meaning they would remain under communist control / friendly to the USSR

-- Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary and Czechoslovakia

Winston Churchill refers to the IRON CURTAIN -- those countries under communist control after WWII were separated from the rest of Europe

IRON CURTAIN

Pro-communist countries and satellite nations -- meaning they would remain under communist control / friendly to the USSR

-- Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary and Czechoslovakia

Winston Churchill refers to the IRON CURTAIN -- those countries under communist control after WWII were separated from the rest of Europe

IRON CURTAIN

Section 2Section 2

Long Telegram -- when U.S. diplomat George Kennan explained his views of Soviet goals compared to U.S. goals

Russian sense of insecurity of the West Fear of the West (U.S. and W. Europe) Communists would have a long-term

struggle with Capitalists Kennan proposed the American cold war policy ----- Containment of Soviet expansion and

the spread of communism Containment -- keeping communism within its

present territory through the use of diplomatic, economic and military action

Long Telegram -- when U.S. diplomat George Kennan explained his views of Soviet goals compared to U.S. goals

Russian sense of insecurity of the West Fear of the West (U.S. and W. Europe) Communists would have a long-term

struggle with Capitalists Kennan proposed the American cold war policy ----- Containment of Soviet expansion and

the spread of communism Containment -- keeping communism within its

present territory through the use of diplomatic, economic and military action

Section 2 - cont.Section 2 - cont.

Crisis in Iran -- March 1946 both the U.S. (S) and USSR(N) had troops in Iran during WWII to secure a supply line -- After WWII Soviet troops didn’t leave - Stalin demanded access to Iran’s oil and the U.S. demanded Soviet withdrawal sending the USS Missouri into the Med. Sea and the soviets backed down

Crisis in Iran -- March 1946 both the U.S. (S) and USSR(N) had troops in Iran during WWII to secure a supply line -- After WWII Soviet troops didn’t leave - Stalin demanded access to Iran’s oil and the U.S. demanded Soviet withdrawal sending the USS Missouri into the Med. Sea and the soviets backed down

Sect. 2 - cont.Sect. 2 - cont.

Truman Doctrine -- after Soviets attempted to control the Dardanelles and Bosporus of Turkey (trade route area) the U.S. decided to confront the Soviets before they controlled the

entire Middle East. The goal of the Doctrine was to CONTAIN

communism and aid E. Europe/Middle East to

fight communism The Soviets also launched guerilla war in

Greece -- the British went to the Greeks aid Dardanelles

Bosporus

Truman Doctrine -- after Soviets attempted to control the Dardanelles and Bosporus of Turkey (trade route area) the U.S. decided to confront the Soviets before they controlled the

entire Middle East. The goal of the Doctrine was to CONTAIN

communism and aid E. Europe/Middle East to

fight communism The Soviets also launched guerilla war in

Greece -- the British went to the Greeks aid Dardanelles

Bosporus

Sect. 2 - cont.Sect. 2 - cont.

Marshall plan -- Sec. of State George Marshall’s plan to help rebuild the European economy in an effort to help contain communism. The Soviet Union and it’s satellite nations

rejected this. Billions of $ helped W. Europe reject communism

BERLIN crisis -- U.S. , France and Britain merged their parts of Germany into one called the Fed. Rep. of Germany or WEST Germany (capitalism)

East Germany was controlled by the Soviet Union (communism)

Marshall plan -- Sec. of State George Marshall’s plan to help rebuild the European economy in an effort to help contain communism. The Soviet Union and it’s satellite nations

rejected this. Billions of $ helped W. Europe reject communism

BERLIN crisis -- U.S. , France and Britain merged their parts of Germany into one called the Fed. Rep. of Germany or WEST Germany (capitalism)

East Germany was controlled by the Soviet Union (communism)

TimelineTimeline

1945 -- WWII is over 1948 -- allies unite W. Germany they could have no

military but otherwise ind. 1948 -- Soviets cut traffic between the East and

West U.S. begins to airlift supplies to the West (364 days)

1949 -- NATO established (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) -- 12 original Western countries

Warsaw Pact -- pact between USSR and satellite countries

1955 -- allowed Germany to re - arm and join NATO

1945 -- WWII is over 1948 -- allies unite W. Germany they could have no

military but otherwise ind. 1948 -- Soviets cut traffic between the East and

West U.S. begins to airlift supplies to the West (364 days)

1949 -- NATO established (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) -- 12 original Western countries

Warsaw Pact -- pact between USSR and satellite countries

1955 -- allowed Germany to re - arm and join NATO

Berlin AirliftBerlin Airlift

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China after WWIIChina after WWII

Civil War in China

Chaing Kai Shek -- Nationalist leader of China since the 20’s.

U.S. sent millions to help them in the 1940’s

In 1949 Mao Tse -Tung overthrew Chaing and became the communist leader of China

Nationalists fled to Taiwan and China was a communist country

Chaing Mao

Civil War in China

Chaing Kai Shek -- Nationalist leader of China since the 20’s.

U.S. sent millions to help them in the 1940’s

In 1949 Mao Tse -Tung overthrew Chaing and became the communist leader of China

Nationalists fled to Taiwan and China was a communist country

Chaing Mao

KOREAN WARCH. 22 sect. 2KOREAN WAR

CH. 22 sect. 2 June 25, 1950 --North Korea invades S. Korea

(republic of Korea) Korea was divided at the 38th parallel North allied with the USSR South supported by the U.S. June 30th, 1950 -- Truman orders ground forces

into South Korea Douglas MacArthur -- took command of a joint

UN fighting force

June 25, 1950 --North Korea invades S. Korea (republic of Korea)

Korea was divided at the 38th parallel North allied with the USSR South supported by the U.S. June 30th, 1950 -- Truman orders ground forces

into South Korea Douglas MacArthur -- took command of a joint

UN fighting force

Stages of the WarStages of the War

1. By Aug. 1950 N. Korea captured nearly all of S. Korea (including Seoul -- the capital of S.K.) 80% of the troops were American and ill prepared for battle.

Troops pushed all the way to Pusan, S.K. 2. Americans launch a surprise invasion at Inchon,

far behind North Korean lines -- cut off N. K. forces and forced them to retreat --2 weeks the U.N. controlled most of S.K.

# 1 #2

1. By Aug. 1950 N. Korea captured nearly all of S. Korea (including Seoul -- the capital of S.K.) 80% of the troops were American and ill prepared for battle.

Troops pushed all the way to Pusan, S.K. 2. Americans launch a surprise invasion at Inchon,

far behind North Korean lines -- cut off N. K. forces and forced them to retreat --2 weeks the U.N. controlled most of S.K.

# 1 #2

Stage 3, 4 and 5 of War

Stage 3, 4 and 5 of War

3. U.S. changed plans and decided to try and reunify Korea into one

Continued to push north all the way to the Yalu river Received threat from China 4. Chinese troops get involved and push the U.N.

back to the 38th parallel 5. The U. N. does push them back across the parallel

for a short time but Truman responds with a limited war -- a war fought to win a specific obj. (South Korea’s ind)

#3 and 4 #5

3. U.S. changed plans and decided to try and reunify Korea into one

Continued to push north all the way to the Yalu river Received threat from China 4. Chinese troops get involved and push the U.N.

back to the 38th parallel 5. The U. N. does push them back across the parallel

for a short time but Truman responds with a limited war -- a war fought to win a specific obj. (South Korea’s ind)

#3 and 4 #5

End of notes on the war

End of notes on the war

April 1951 -- Truman fires MacArthur for not listening to him and replaces him with Mathew Ridgeway

July 1953 -- armistices signed with N. Korea Boundary remains the 38th parallel Results of the war -- 33,600 Americans die in action

2800 die of disease and accidents

April 1951 -- Truman fires MacArthur for not listening to him and replaces him with Mathew Ridgeway

July 1953 -- armistices signed with N. Korea Boundary remains the 38th parallel Results of the war -- 33,600 Americans die in action

2800 die of disease and accidents

Ch. 22 sect. 3Ch. 22 sect. 3

Igor Gouzenko - Soviet clerk, walked out of the Embassy in Canada/ defected and gave the U.S. info. On the USSR having the bomb

Fear of the United States: Subversion -- USSR goal to weaken the U.S. and overthrow

U.S. Gov. 1947 -- Loyalty Review Board -- set up in the U.S. to

screen all federal employees before hiring FBI -- intensive search for traitors / 2000 of their

agents quit Director of the FBI was J. Edgar Hoover HUAC - House Un- American Activities Committee urged to hold public hearings Whitaker Chambers -- Time magazine editor - revealed Gov.

officials and communists in the U.S. Gov.

Igor Gouzenko - Soviet clerk, walked out of the Embassy in Canada/ defected and gave the U.S. info. On the USSR having the bomb

Fear of the United States: Subversion -- USSR goal to weaken the U.S. and overthrow

U.S. Gov. 1947 -- Loyalty Review Board -- set up in the U.S. to

screen all federal employees before hiring FBI -- intensive search for traitors / 2000 of their

agents quit Director of the FBI was J. Edgar Hoover HUAC - House Un- American Activities Committee urged to hold public hearings Whitaker Chambers -- Time magazine editor - revealed Gov.

officials and communists in the U.S. Gov.

Sect. 3 cont.Sect. 3 cont.

Alger Hiss -- most prominent communist in Roosevelt’s cabinet

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg -- husband and wife that were executed for spying on the U.S. Gov. in N.Y.

Klaus Fuchs -- British scientist sent info. To the USSR The U.S. Gov. had intercepted this code -- Project Venona - goals to crack Soviet codes and prove Soviet spying

Hiss Rosenberg’s Fuchs

Alger Hiss -- most prominent communist in Roosevelt’s cabinet

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg -- husband and wife that were executed for spying on the U.S. Gov. in N.Y.

Klaus Fuchs -- British scientist sent info. To the USSR The U.S. Gov. had intercepted this code -- Project Venona - goals to crack Soviet codes and prove Soviet spying

Hiss Rosenberg’s Fuchs

Joseph McCarthy -- Sen. From Wisconsin that made vague and unfounded charges of suspect

communists. Sparked the McCarran Act - deeper investigation

of communistsArmy - McCarthy hearings - spring 1954

Senate censured McCarthy Fall - out - radiation left after nuclear blast

Joseph McCarthy -- Sen. From Wisconsin that made vague and unfounded charges of suspect

communists. Sparked the McCarran Act - deeper investigation

of communistsArmy - McCarthy hearings - spring 1954

Senate censured McCarthy Fall - out - radiation left after nuclear blast

Sect. 4 notesSect. 4 notes 1952 election Rep. - Dwight D. Eisenhower vs. Dem. Adlai Stevenson

Eisenhower becomes the 34th President -- war hero (D-Day) Massive Retaliation -- Eisenhower’s policy to

threaten use of nuclear weapons Nov. 1, 1952 -- first hydrogen bomb tested

1952 election Rep. - Dwight D. Eisenhower vs. Dem. Adlai Stevenson

Eisenhower becomes the 34th President -- war hero (D-Day) Massive Retaliation -- Eisenhower’s policy to

threaten use of nuclear weapons Nov. 1, 1952 -- first hydrogen bomb tested

Sect. 4Sect. 4

Oct. 4 , 1957 Soviets launch Sputnik -- 1st artificial satellite to orbit space

1958 NASA created to coordinate research in rocket science and space exploration

National Defense and Education Act -- Gov. funds for education and training in science ,math, and foreign language

John Foster Dulles - sec. of state under Eisenhower

Oct. 4 , 1957 Soviets launch Sputnik -- 1st artificial satellite to orbit space

1958 NASA created to coordinate research in rocket science and space exploration

National Defense and Education Act -- Gov. funds for education and training in science ,math, and foreign language

John Foster Dulles - sec. of state under Eisenhower

Sec. 4 continuedSec. 4 continued Suez crisis Egypt seized control of the Suez canal from the

British Britain invaded Egypt, USSR supports Egypt U.S. tells Britain to back off and let Egypt

control the canal

CIA -- hidden missions to keep an eye on communists / enemies in the world

Iran - Shah is returned to power Guatemala - set up new Gov.

Suez crisis Egypt seized control of the Suez canal from the

British Britain invaded Egypt, USSR supports Egypt U.S. tells Britain to back off and let Egypt

control the canal

CIA -- hidden missions to keep an eye on communists / enemies in the world

Iran - Shah is returned to power Guatemala - set up new Gov.

End of sect. 4End of sect. 4

Nikita Khrushchev - leader of the USSR after Stalin (1956)

Hungary -- uprising there in which the USSR ended it with tanks

U-2 spy plane incident - U.S. spy plane was shot down by the Soviet Union

Francis Gary Powers - pilot was captured by the Soviets

Eisenhower lied to Khrushchev and he found out and cancelled the Paris summit

Nikita Khrushchev Francis Gary Powers

Nikita Khrushchev - leader of the USSR after Stalin (1956)

Hungary -- uprising there in which the USSR ended it with tanks

U-2 spy plane incident - U.S. spy plane was shot down by the Soviet Union

Francis Gary Powers - pilot was captured by the Soviets

Eisenhower lied to Khrushchev and he found out and cancelled the Paris summit

Nikita Khrushchev Francis Gary Powers