The Cold War to TerrorismThe Cold War to Terrorism

Korea to NowKorea to Now

New WarNew War

Cold WarCold War – a war between the Soviet – a war between the Soviet Union and the United States where no Union and the United States where no fighting actually occursfighting actually occurs

United Nations (UN) – an organization of United Nations (UN) – an organization of united countries that promotes world united countries that promotes world peacepeace

Question: Is world peace possible? Why or Question: Is world peace possible? Why or Why Not…explainWhy Not…explain

Iron CurtainIron Curtain

““Iron curtainIron curtain” – imaginary line that divided ” – imaginary line that divided Europe.Europe.East – CommunistEast – CommunistWest – FreeWest – FreeSatellite Nations – countries dominated by Satellite Nations – countries dominated by

communismcommunism

Germany DividedGermany Divided

Germany cut into 4 piecesGermany cut into 4 piecesSoviet, British, French, AmericanSoviet, British, French, American

Berlin (capital) located in Soviet sectionBerlin (capital) located in Soviet sectionBerlin divided into 4 sections as wellBerlin divided into 4 sections as well

Power Struggle – Soviets blockade of Power Struggle – Soviets blockade of allied Berlinallied BerlinBerlin Airlift – 327 daysBerlin Airlift – 327 days

American ResponseAmerican Response

ContainmentContainment – don’t allow communism to – don’t allow communism to spreadspread

Truman Doctrine, Marshall PlanTruman Doctrine, Marshall Plan Giving support and money to countries threatened by Giving support and money to countries threatened by

communismcommunism North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

““An attack on one is an attack on all”An attack on one is an attack on all” Question: In your opinion should the US be Question: In your opinion should the US be

protecting other nations both then and now? protecting other nations both then and now? Explain, why or why not?Explain, why or why not?

Communism in ChinaCommunism in China

Communist Revolution in ChinaCommunist Revolution in ChinaMao Zedong – “Red China”Mao Zedong – “Red China”

Korean WarKorean War

Soviet controlled North Korea attacks South Soviet controlled North Korea attacks South Korea in 1950Korea in 1950 3838thth Parallel is the dividing line Parallel is the dividing line

Back and forth battles, land gained and lost – Back and forth battles, land gained and lost – “Tug of War”“Tug of War”

Chinese help the north Chinese help the north In the end little land changes hand - stalemateIn the end little land changes hand - stalemate Demilitarized ZoneDemilitarized Zone – a piece of land where no – a piece of land where no

military can entermilitary can enter 3838thth Parallel Parallel

Fear of AttackFear of Attack

H-Bomb – more powerful than an atomic H-Bomb – more powerful than an atomic bombbomb ““Nuke”Nuke”Soviets tested theirs in 1953Soviets tested theirs in 1953Lots of panic in the US – “Duck and Cover”Lots of panic in the US – “Duck and Cover”

A New Nation FormedA New Nation Formed

Israel formed in Middle East as a country Israel formed in Middle East as a country for the Jewsfor the JewsLand taken from Palestine – ArabsLand taken from Palestine – ArabsConflict begins instantlyConflict begins instantly

Hope for PeaceHope for Peace

Nikita Khrushchev takes over the Soviet Nikita Khrushchev takes over the Soviet Union after Stalin dies in 1953Union after Stalin dies in 1953Wants to improve relations with the USWants to improve relations with the US

All hope is lost when an American U-2 spy All hope is lost when an American U-2 spy plane is shot down over the Soviet Unionplane is shot down over the Soviet Union

CubaCuba

Fidel Castro gains power – brings in Fidel Castro gains power – brings in communism, cuts ties with UScommunism, cuts ties with USAligns with SovietsAligns with Soviets

Bay of Pigs InvasionBay of Pigs InvasionUsing Cuban exiles to overthrow Castro, failedUsing Cuban exiles to overthrow Castro, failed

Cuban Missile CrisisCuban Missile CrisisNukes discovered in CubaNukes discovered in Cuba13 day stand off – FEAR!!!13 day stand off – FEAR!!!Agreement made to remove missiles from Cuba Agreement made to remove missiles from Cuba

and Turkeyand Turkey

Cold War ContinuesCold War Continues

Berlin Wall built – separates East and Berlin Wall built – separates East and West BerlinWest Berlin

Hot LineHot Line – direct phone line between – direct phone line between Washington DC and MoscowWashington DC and Moscow

Space Race ContinuesSpace Race ContinuesUS will put a man on the moon by the end of US will put a man on the moon by the end of

the 1960’sthe 1960’s

War in VietnamWar in Vietnam

Origins of WarOrigins of War

Ho Chi Minh and Communist army win Ho Chi Minh and Communist army win independence from Franceindependence from France

Geneva Accords - SplitGeneva Accords - SplitNorth communist – South Free (United States)North communist – South Free (United States)

Ngo Dinh Diem took control of South in ’55Ngo Dinh Diem took control of South in ’55Anti-CommunistAnti-CommunistAnti-Buddhist – Pro-CatholicAnti-Buddhist – Pro-Catholic

Monks protesting the harsh treatment of Buddhists under Diem

Origins of War continued…Origins of War continued…

Communists in the south organize and Communists in the south organize and form the Vietcongform the Vietcong

US had big fear of the US had big fear of the Domino TheoryDomino Theory – – one country falls many will followone country falls many will followKennedy sends troops to help the southKennedy sends troops to help the southNov. 1, 1963 the South Vietnamese army Nov. 1, 1963 the South Vietnamese army

staged a staged a coupcoup – overthrow the government – overthrow the governmentAssassinated DiemAssassinated Diem

Conflict ContinuesConflict ContinuesPresident Lyndon B. Johnson takes over President Lyndon B. Johnson takes over

after the death of JFKafter the death of JFKSec. of Defense Robert McNamaraSec. of Defense Robert McNamara

““I don’t think it’s worth fighting for, but I don’t I don’t think it’s worth fighting for, but I don’t think we can get out.”think we can get out.”

US ships attacked in the Gulf of TonkinUS ships attacked in the Gulf of TonkinLBJ now has a good reason to fightLBJ now has a good reason to fight

US involvement begins to US involvement begins to escalateescalate – – gradually increasegradually increase180,000 in ’65 to 500,000 in ‘67180,000 in ’65 to 500,000 in ‘67

Combat in VietnamCombat in VietnamGuerilla Warfare – jungles, tunnels, trailsGuerilla Warfare – jungles, tunnels, trails

Ho Chi Minh Trail – main supply routeHo Chi Minh Trail – main supply routeThe US began search – and – destroy The US began search – and – destroy

missions – find the enemy and wipe them missions – find the enemy and wipe them outoutBacked by jets and helicoptersBacked by jets and helicoptersNapalm – liquid fire Napalm – liquid fire Agent Orange – herbicide - chemical warfareAgent Orange – herbicide - chemical warfare

North Vietnamese/Vietcong frustrated the North Vietnamese/Vietcong frustrated the US by constantly out numbering themUS by constantly out numbering them

Pres. Johnson – “Can we win this war?”Pres. Johnson – “Can we win this war?”

Southeast Asia Map

Attack on American ShipsAttack on American Ships

Jan. 23, 1968 USS Pueblo, a US spy ship Jan. 23, 1968 USS Pueblo, a US spy ship and its crew are captured and its crew are captured

This attack shocked AmericaThis attack shocked America ““A US boat had been defeated”A US boat had been defeated”

The Tet OffensiveThe Tet Offensive

Jan 31, 1968 (Vietnamese New Year - Tet)Jan 31, 1968 (Vietnamese New Year - Tet)North Vietnamese/Vietcong targeted southern North Vietnamese/Vietcong targeted southern

bases and major cities (Saigon)bases and major cities (Saigon)Vietcong drove deep into southern territoryVietcong drove deep into southern territoryAmerica launched a strong counter attack and America launched a strong counter attack and

was able to push the Vietcong northwas able to push the Vietcong northMajor turning point in the warMajor turning point in the war

Why?Why?11stst war shown on live television war shown on live television

““Peace is at Hand”Peace is at Hand”

Removal of over 450,000 US troopsRemoval of over 450,000 US troops11stst peace talks failed peace talks failed

South Vietnamese president did not want South Vietnamese president did not want Northern troops in his countryNorthern troops in his country

Nixon reelectedNixon reelectedOne final round of bombingsOne final round of bombings

Jan. 27, 1973 – Peace Treaty signedJan. 27, 1973 – Peace Treaty signed

North Vietnam ContinuesNorth Vietnam Continues

North Vietnamese army does not stopNorth Vietnamese army does not stopSaigon fell on April 20, 1975Saigon fell on April 20, 1975Communism takes over VietnamCommunism takes over Vietnam

Legacy of the WarLegacy of the War

1.4 million Vietnamese died1.4 million Vietnamese died58,000 Americans died – 300,000 wounded58,000 Americans died – 300,000 wounded

2.7 million served2.7 million servedNo hero’s welcomeNo hero’s welcome

Many Many MIAMIA’s (Missing in Action) – never ’s (Missing in Action) – never foundfound

Vietnam War MemorialVietnam War Memorial

Easing the Cold WarEasing the Cold War

Nixon wanted a more stable worldNixon wanted a more stable worldDétenteDétente – easing international tensions – easing international tensions

Balance of powerBalance of power

Nixon wanted to visit ChinaNixon wanted to visit ChinaUS ping-pong team invited to China (1971)US ping-pong team invited to China (1971)1972 Nixon goes to China – trade/diplomacy1972 Nixon goes to China – trade/diplomacy

Nixon takes trip to Soviet UnionNixon takes trip to Soviet UnionBegins trade, Strategic Arms Limitations Begins trade, Strategic Arms Limitations

Treaty (Salt 1)Treaty (Salt 1)

The Soviet UnionThe Soviet Union

Gorbachev –Gorbachev –New leader, open to new ideas New leader, open to new ideas ““people want independence, democracy, and people want independence, democracy, and

social justice”social justice”$ needed for people not military$ needed for people not militaryProtests in many communist countriesProtests in many communist countries

Cold War ConclusionCold War ConclusionBerlin wall comes downBerlin wall comes downA failed A failed coupcoup in the Soviet Union sets the in the Soviet Union sets the

stage for democracystage for democracyGorbachev announces the break up of the Gorbachev announces the break up of the

Sov. Un.Sov. Un.UN pledges to assist newly formed countriesUN pledges to assist newly formed countries

Middle Eastern InvolvementMiddle Eastern Involvement

Camp David AccordsCamp David Accords Iranian Hostage CrisisIranian Hostage Crisis Iran-Iraq WarIran-Iraq WarLebanonLebanonPersian Gulf WarPersian Gulf War

September 11, 2001September 11, 2001 TerrorismTerrorism – the use of violence or threats for – the use of violence or threats for

political purposespolitical purposes 19 terrorists hijacked 4 commercial jets19 terrorists hijacked 4 commercial jets

2 hit the twin towers in NY2 hit the twin towers in NY 1 hit the pentagon in DC1 hit the pentagon in DC 1 crashed into a field in Pennsylvania1 crashed into a field in Pennsylvania

Led by Osama bin Laden and al-Qaeda Led by Osama bin Laden and al-Qaeda 2,998 people killed2,998 people killed 11stst major attack on US soil since Pearl Harbor major attack on US soil since Pearl Harbor

Post 9/11 EraPost 9/11 Era

Nation/World-wide fear of terrorismNation/World-wide fear of terrorismAirport securityAirport securityPrejudice of MuslimsPrejudice of Muslims

Wave of terror all around the worldWave of terror all around the worldG.W. Bush – “War on Terror” G.W. Bush – “War on Terror” Patriotism!!! Patriotism!!!

War in AfghanistanWar in Afghanistan

Began Oct. 7, 2001 – US/NATO forces invadeBegan Oct. 7, 2001 – US/NATO forces invadeResponse to 9/11Response to 9/11Remove terrorist gov’t, Remove terrorist gov’t, find bin Laden (killed) May 2, 2011find bin Laden (killed) May 2, 2011

US/NATO forces removed gov’t but US/NATO forces removed gov’t but Taliban/Al-Qaeda are still a big threatTaliban/Al-Qaeda are still a big threat

War in IraqWar in IraqMarch 20, 2003 – US/Great Britain invadeMarch 20, 2003 – US/Great Britain invade

Saddam violates UN resolutionsSaddam violates UN resolutionsOverthrow dictator – Saddam Hussein (Executed)Overthrow dictator – Saddam Hussein (Executed)Weapons of Mass Destruction - never foundWeapons of Mass Destruction - never found

US is trying to set up a democracy – stabilizeUS is trying to set up a democracy – stabilizeAs of Dec 18, 2011 troops withdrawnAs of Dec 18, 2011 troops withdrawn