The Country We Want to Live In: Hate crimes and homophobia in the lives of black South African lesbians

8/8/2019 The Country We Want to Live In: Hate crimes and homophobia in the lives of black South African lesbians

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]bo enl}xt po pjl} }n cdqo dl

Bj}o exdgo jlm bngnvbnhdj dl }bo cdqo na hcjeicohdjl Unu}b Jaxdejl

Lnlbcjlbcj Gibd{o# Kjlo Hollo}}# Qju Xommt# Xocohnbdco Gnco}jlo


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,,,}bo lghox na hcjei couhdjlu pbn bjqo hool gxmoxom bjudlexojuom, Udcoleo nl }bdu gj}}ox du ln} jl nv}dnl dl }bo enl}xt

po pjl} }n cdqo dl,


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Vncdet Jljctudu jlm Ejvjed}t Olbjleogol} Xouojxeb Vxn`xjggo Neejudnljc Vjvox :

Uoxdou Omd}nx; ]oghj Gjudcocj# Oroe}dqo Mdxoe}nx; @olmox jlm Moqocnvgol} _ld} dl }bo Vncdet Jljctudu jlm

Ejvjed}t Olbjleogol} Xouojxeb Vxn`xjggo j} }bo Bgjl Uedoleou Xouojxeb Enledc

Vhcdubom ht BUXE Vxouu

Vxdqj}o Hj` R4:28# Ejvo ]npl# 2666# Un}b Jaxdej

ppp,buxevxouu,je,{j

Adxu} vhcdubom 86:6

DUHL "una} enqox$; 402'6'0414'85=:'0

DUHL "vma$; 402'6'0414'85=8'=

DUHL "o'vh$; 402'6'0414'85=5':

86:6 Bgjl Uedoleou Xouojxeb Enledc

Envt omd}om ht Coo Ugd}b

]tvouo} ht Lj{cot Ujgunmdol

Enqox moud`l ht Kollt Tnl`

Vxdl}om ht Yljgo na vxdl}ox# ed}t# enl}xtW

Mdu}xdh}om dl Jaxdej ht Hco Pojqox

]oc; )80 "6$ 8: 06: ==009 Ajr; )80 "6$ 8: 06: 0568

ppp,nlopnxcmhnniu,eng

Mdu}xdh}om dl Oxnvo jlm }bo _ld}om Idl`mng ht Oxnuvjl Mdu}xdh}dnl Uoxqdeou "OMU$

]oc; )== "6$ :0 1016 =4089 Ajr; )== "6$ 1016 :1=6

ppp,oxnuvjlhnniu}nxo,eng

Mdu}xdh}om dl Lnx}b Jgoxdej ht Dlmovolmol} Vhcduboxu @xnv "DV@$

Ejcc }ncc'axoo; "266$ 222 =0=:9 Ajr; ): "5:8$ 550 ?42?

ppp,dv`hnni,eng


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q

Anxopnxm

D pju moovct bnlnxom pbol D pju juiom }n pxd}o j anxopnxm }n }bdu exd}dejc jlm

nhqdnuct cnl`'nqoxmo pnxi, D jg jcun moovct ujm }bj} un gjlt tojxu ja}ox nx

enl}xtu cdhoxj}dnl# pd}b }bo gnu} jmqjleom Enlu}d}}dnl dl }bo pnxcm# po jxo

u}dcc bjqdl` mdueuudnlu jhn} }bo dlexojudl` qdncoleo j`jdlu} pngol# vjx}decjxctcouhdjlu# jlm j}}ogv}dl` }n adlm u}xj}o`dou }n jmmxouu jlm xogomt }bdu ud}j}dnl,

Po cdqo dl j gdun`tldu} unedo}t dl j pnxcm }bj} uou }xjmd}dnl# ec}xo# xocd`dnl

jlm jcc n}box jeeov}om xojunldl` }n ku}dat vxokmdeo jlm }bo loom anx vnpox,

Pngol# pbj}oqox }bodx u}j}dnl dl cdao# jxo uoenlm'ecjuu ed}d{olu pbn pdcc xogjdl

qcloxjhco l}dc }bdu u}j}u zn ejl ho ebjlòm,

D jg qoxt anx}lj}o }n engo axng j ajgdct na qoxt u}xnl`# dlmovolmol} pngol, D

`xop v pd}b gt gn}box# gt `xjlmgn}box# gt udu}ox jlm gjlt jl}u jlm `xoj}'

jl}u# pbn jcc }j`b} gt udu}ox jlm go jhn} xoudcdoleo jlm uoca'uaadedolet, H} Djcun xogoghox hodl` qoxt enlauom ht }bo olmcouu jghd`d}dou jxnlm duuou na

òlmox xocj}dnlu,

Gt `xjlmgn}box pncm }occ go }n `n }n uebnnc un D encm u}jlm v anx gtuoca jlm

ln} movolm nl j gjl# h} }bol dl }bo ujgo hxoj}b }occ go }n ho j cjmt un D encm lo}

}bo voxaoe} gjl }n }jio ejxo na go nlo mjt, Nhqdnuct# axng gt cd}}co orvoxdoleo# D

jcxojmt ilop }bdu pju loqox `ndl` }n bjvvol,

H} oqol pd}b }bo jghd`d}t# gt `xjlmgn}box bju jcpjtu hool }bo adxu} xojc

je}dqdu} dl gt cdao, ]boxo pju j cjxò nvol adocm pd}b nqox`xnpl `xjuu lor} }n gtbngo# jlm D gu} bjqo hool jhn} udr tojxu ncm }bo a dxu} }dgo gt `xjlmgn}box xjl

n}udmo }n dlqou}d`j}o j uexojgdl` aogjco qndeo engdl` axng }bo hubou, Ubo xjl n}#

uexojgdl` Bot* j} }bo }nv na box qndeo, ]pn gol ejgo n} na }bo hubou# xnlmom

}bo enxlox jlm mdujvvojxom, Gt `xjl anlm }bo }oxxdadom pngjl# j cd}}co hxduom#

ecn}bou }nxl# h} n}boxpduo nijt# jlm hxn`b} box dl}n }bo bnuo, Ubo uvol} }bo ld`b}

nl }bo eneb# aom# pjxg# jlm ln zou}dnlu juiom, ]boxo poxo j aop gnxo pngol

ja}ox }bj}# jcc na }bog xoueom ht gt `xjl,


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Gibd{o# Hollo}}# Xommt ! Gnco}jlo

qd

Pbol D juiom box pbt ubo mdm }bdu# ubo }ncm go }bo u}nxt na j lod`bhnxu gn}box

axng mnpl }bo u}xoo}, Nlo ld`b}# cnl` hoanxo D pju hnxl# j pngjl pju bojxm extdl`

jlm uexojgdl` j} }bo }nv na box qndeo, Jcc }bo lod`bhnxu xoen`lduom box ju

Gdebjocu+ pdao# pbdeb gojl} }bj} Gdebjoc pju hoj}dl` box v j`jdl, ]bdu pjuqoxt ajgdcdjx# jlm un ln nlo dl}oxqolom, ]bo uexojgdl` jlm extdl` enl}dlom l}dc

box qndeo pju un bnjxuo d} pju j exnji# jlm u}dcc ln nlo `n} dlqncqom, Gt `xjl ujtu

}bj} jxnlm ulxduo# }bo lor}'mnnx lod`bhnx pol} }n dlqou}d`j}o,

Gdebjoc pju vjuuom n} acct ecn}bom nl bdu hom, Bdu pdao cjt hcnnmt jlm mojm nl

}bo id}ebol acnnx, Jlm un gt `xjlmgn}box qnpom loqox }n jccnp j uexojg na bocv }n

`n ljlupoxom j`jdl,

]bo uexojgu mn ln} u}nv, Nleo dl j pbdco pngol jxo bojxm uexojgdl` anx bocv#

jlm gt `xjlmgn}box du lnp }nn ncm }n xl n} pd}b jl jro dl bjlm, ]boxo duln bocv,

]bo dxnlt du }bj} gt `xjlmgn}box pju jcpjtu axdnu j} gt gn}box anx ejxxtdl`

j pojvnl# jlm mjxdl` }n moaolm boxuoca pboloqox bjxjuuom ht j gjl, Ubo pncm ujt

}n go; Jcpjtu xouvoe} j gjl# ln gj}}ox pbj} bo mnou, @nm du j gjl# jlm }bj} gojlu

j gjl ubncm ho xoqoxom ju j @nm, ]bdu du bnp ubo `xop v# bnp d}u jcpjtu hool#

jlm bnp d} pdcc jcpjtu ho,

D xogoghox }bo adxu} }dgo D pju }bxoj}olom jlm lojxct j}}jeiom dl gt bngo, ]bo

gol poxo jmjgjl} }bj} }bot bjm oqoxt xd`b} }n }ojeb go j couunl anx mjxdl` }n engon} ju j couhdjl jlm mogjlm ozjc xd`b}u, ]boxo poxo j} coju} :6 gol# h} gt

`xjlmgn}box pjciom n} pd}b box dxnl xnm jlm u}nvvom }bog hoanxo }bot oqol

ol}oxom }bo tjxm9 nlct ubo jlm @nm ilnp bnp ubo gjljòm }bj}, D xogoghox bnp

bocvcouu D aoc}# ilnpdl` }bj} }boxo pju lnpboxo }n }xl anx bocv# oqol da D gjljòm

}n ò} jpjt, Axng gt orvoxdoleo# }bo vncdeo poxo ln} `ndl` }n bocv, ]bot mdml} bocv

pbol ]ubdmd pju hx}jcct juujc}om ht box gn}box jlm u}ovaj}box, ]bot mdml} bocv

Vjcouj od}box, Nx }bo enl}couu n}box couhdjlu pbn bjqo hool bjxjuuom# }bxoj}olom

jlm.nx j}}jeiom, ]bot poxo eox}jdlct ln} `ndl` }n bocv go,H} }bdu pju :446# jlm oqol }bn`b po poxo ndl` }bxn`b jcc unx}u na }xjlud}dnlu

jlm encm }ju}o }bo axoomng# po poxo u}dcc cdqdl` dl jl nvvxouudqo utu}og `nqoxlom ht

jxebjde jlm nvvxouudqo cjpu, ]bol# jcc gjlt na u encm bnvo anx pju }bj} nx

je}dqdug pncm hojx axd}9 }bj} ja}ox cdhoxj}dnl po pncm ho xoen`lduom j} cju} ju

ozjc ed}d{olu pd}b ozjc xd`b}u dl nx enl}xt,

Un po poxo oeu}j}de pbol nx adxu} vxoudmol}# Locunl Gjlmocj# dl bdu dlj`xjc

uvooeb gol}dnlom }bj} ln nlo ubncm ho mduexdgdlj}om j`jdlu} nl }bo hjudu na }bodx

uorjcd}t, ]bj} pju gnxo }bjl po encm bjqo bnvom anx, H} }n ho }bo adxu} enl}xt}n ho jaanxmom enlu}d}}dnljc vxn}oe}dnl pju jl oqol hd`òx aoj}, Bnpoqox# anx ungo


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Bj}o exdgo jlm bngnvbnhdj dl }bo cdqo na hcjei cohdjl Unu}b Jaxdejl

qdd

xojunl# nx axoomng jcun ud`ljccom }bo axoomng na gol }n }xoj} pngol oqol gnxo

hjmct }bjl hoanxo, D bojxm j `xnv na gol j} }bo :44= vxoudmol}djc dlj`xj}dnl

ujtdl` }bj} lnp }bj} }bot bjm j hcjei vxoudmol}# }bot poxo axoo }n mn pbj}oqox }bot

pjl}om pd}b }bodx pngol,]bdu hxn`b} bngo nlo qoxt udgvco jlm qoxt dgvnx}jl} aje}; }bj} l}dc pngol jxo

xoen`lduom ju ozjc goghoxu na unedo}t# couhdjlu pdcc enl}dlo }n u}x``co anx }bo

axoomng }n cdqo }bodx cdqou pd}bn} bjxjuugol} jlm mduexdgdlj}dnl,

D} du jcun }occdl` }bj} dl j enl}xt }bj} bju j bdu}nxt na `xnuu qdncj}dnlu na bgjl

xd`b}u# j bj}o exdgou Hdcc bju ln} to} hool adljcduom,

]bo enl}xt D pjl} }n cdqo dl du nlo }bj} xoen`lduou gt xd`b}u }n cdqo gt cdao axoo

na }bxoj}u# mduexdgdlj}dnl# bjxjuugol}# qdncoleo jlm aojx, ]bo enl}xt D pjl} }n cdqo

dl du nlo }bj} pdcc mn pbj}oqox du vnuudhco }n ln} nlct oluxo gt xd`b}u# h} }n vxn}oe}}bouo xd`b}u jlm vxnuoe}o }bnuo pbn j}}ogv} }n dlaxdlò nl }bog,

D jvvcjm }bo Bgjl Uedoleou Xouojxeb Enledc anx ln} nlct xoen`ldudl` }bo

dl}xdej}o cdliu ho}pool }bo mdaaoxol} anxgu na òlmox'xocj}om qdncoleo h} anx jcun

bjqdl` }bo anxoud`b} }n bnu} }bdu Xnlm}jhco mdueuudnl pd}bdl }bo :1 Mjtu na

Je}dqdug dl}oxlj}dnljc ejgvjd`l, D jvvcjm }bdu hnni, D} du j qjcjhco xounxeo jlm

D bnvo }bj} `nqoxlgol} hnmdou# lnl'`nqoxlgol}jc nx`jlduj}dnlu jlm `xnvu# ju pocc

ju dlmdqdmjcu pbn jxo enggd}}om }n oxjmdej}dl` jcc anxgu na òlmox qdncoleo dl jcc

uvboxou na unedo}t pdcc uo d},

Hoqoxcot Vjcouj Md}udo

Pxd}ox# Adcggjiox# Je}dqdu}

+Gdebjoc ln} bd xojc ljgo,

qdd


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dr

Vxoajeo

]bo :1 Mjtu na Je}dqdug; Ln Qdncoleo j`jdlu} Pngol du jl jlljc ejgvjd`l

gjxiom ht gjlt je}dqd}dou jxnlm }bo pnxcm }n xjduo jpjxolouu na jlm olm òlmox'

hjuom qdncoleo dl enggld}dou, ]bo :1 Mjtu ejgvjd`l du hodl` uom }n exoj}o j

`cnhjc gnqogol} }n xjduo jpjxolouu# }n jmmxouu vncdet jlm co`jc duuou# }n ejgvjd`lanx }bo vxn}oe}dnl na uxqdqnxu na qdncoleo jlm }n ejcc anx }bo ocdgdlj}dnl na jcc anxgu

na òlmox qdncoleo, ]bo mjt }bj} gjxiu }bo u}jx} na }bo ejgvjd`l# 8? Lnqoghox#

pju moecjxom Dl}oxlj}dnljc Mjt na ln Qdncoleo j`jdlu} Pngol j} }bo adxu} Aogdldu}

Oleol}xn anx Cj}dl Jgoxdej jlm }bo Ejxdhhojl bocm dl Hn`n}j# Encnghdj# dl :42:,

8? Lnqoghox pju ebnuol }n enggognxj}o }bo moj}b na }bo Gdxjhjc udu}oxu dl

:416 lmox }bo mde}j}nxubdv na Xjajoc ]xkdccn dl }bo Mngdldejl Xovhcde,: ]bo mjt

pju naadedjcct xoen`lduom ht }bo _ld}om Lj}dnlu dl :444 ju }bo Dl}oxlj}dnljc Mjt anx

}bo Ocdgdlj}dnl na Qdncoleo j`jdlu} Pngol, ]bo vxvnuo na }bo ejgvjd`l du }nòloxj}o dlexojuom jpjxolouu jhn} qdncoleo mdxoe}om j} pngol jlm ebdcmxol# bnp d}

gjldaou}u d}uoca dl nx unedo}t jlm }bo lo`j}dqo dgvje} d} bju nl }bo moqocnvgol} na

}bouo qcloxjhco `xnvu, Dl Un}b Jaxdej# }bo ejgvjd`l bju jmmom qdncoleo j`jdlu}

ebdcmxol ju j enleoxl anx je}dqdug jlm# ju ueb# d} du ilnpl ju }bo :1 Mjtu na

Je}dqdug anx ln Qdncoleo j`jdlu} Pngol jlm Ebdcmxol,

]n enggognxj}o }bo jlljc ejgvjd`l dl 8661 }bo Bgjl Uedoleou Xouojxeb

Enledc "BUXE$ bnu}om j xnlm}jhco mdueuudnl }n bd`bcd`b} qdncoleo j`jdlu}

couhdjlu ju j òlmox'hjuom qdncoleo duuo }bj} pjxxjl}u j}}ol}dnl pd}bdl }bduejgvjd`l, @dqol }bo ejgvjd`lu òloxjc bo}oxnlnxgj}dqo aneu# }bo gn}dqj}dnl pju

}n mognlu}xj}o pbt couhdjl jlm `jt duuou jxo òlmoxom duuou# jlm dlmoom bgjl

xd`b}u enleoxlu, Mouvd}o Un}b Jaxdejl enlu}d}}dnljc vxn}oe}dnlu anlmom nl }bo

vxdledvcou na ozjcd}t# bgjl md`ld}t jlm axoomng# mduexdgdlj}dnl xogjdlu dl }bo

Hdcc na Xd`b}u# jlm qdncoleo hjuom nl òlmox jlm uorjc nxdol}j}dnl# jlm j`jdlu}

couhdjl# `jt# hduorjc jlm.nx }xjluòlmoxom tn}b# }ooljòxu jlm jmc}u dl }bo

enl}xt xogjdlu xjgvjl},

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r

Pbdco qdncoleo j`jdlu} pngol "jlm dl vjx}decjx `dxc ebdcmxol$ du qdudhco jlm j

lghox na dl}oxqol}dnlu jxo dl vcjeo dl enggld}t'hjuom nx`jlduj}dnlu jlm L@Nu

lj}dnljcct# oqdmoleo axng xouojxeb jlm gomdj xovnx}u u`òu}u }bj} qdncoleo j`jdlu}

vonvco pbnuo uorjcd}dou gjt ho mouexdhom ju gjx`dljc bju ln} hool jmozj}octjmmxouuom dl }oxgu na dl}oxqol}dnlu, Ln}jhct# couhdjlu "jlm dl vjx}decjx hcjei

couhdjlu$ jxo }bo uhkoe} na geb qdncoleo dl }nplubdv jlm ungo xhjl uo}}dlù,

Qdncoleo j`jdlu} hcjei couhdjlu# vxoedvd}j}om ht ec}xjcct ujle}dnlom bngnvbnhdj

jlm bj}o uvooeb# na}ol xouc}u dl vbtudejc# gol}jc jlm ogn}dnljc bjxg dlacde}om nl

ueb pngol "gnu}ct ht gol$, Enluozol}ct# }bouo pngol jlm ebdcmxol ajeo

vxnhcogu na# jgnl` n}boxu# mduogvnpoxgol}# u}d`gj# xokoe}dnl# d`lnxjleo jlm

duncj}dnl, Orvcjlj}dnlu anx }bo enl}dldl` gjx`dljcduj}dnl na couhdjlu "jlm `jt gol$

dl enggld}dou xjlò axng }bo voxeov}dnl }bj} bngnuorjcd}t du l'Jaxdejl# }nhocdoau }bj} jtu jlm couhdjlu ejlln} ho jaanxmom }bo ujgo enlu}d}}dnljc vxn}oe}dnlu

jlm xd`b}u vxnqdmom }n }bo xou} na unedo}t "ueb ju }bo xd`b} }n gjxxt$# }bo voxeov}dnl

jlm j}}d}mo }bj} bngnuorjcd}t ubncm ho exdgdljcduom# jlm xocd`dnu jlm ec}xjc

dl}ncoxjleo ogjlj}dl` axng qjxdom ln}dnlu na pbj} du enxxoe} nx vxnvox òlmox

hobjqdnx jlm pbj} du ln}, ]bdu du dl uvd}o na }bo exxol} co`jc ecdgj}o dl Un}b

Jaxdej pboxo }bo Enlu}d}}dnl `jxjl}oou vxn}oe}dnl na jcc ed}d{olu# dlecmdl` `jtu

jlm couhdjlu,

]bo enul}xt po pjl} }n cdqo dl; Bj}o exdgo jlm bngnvbnhdj dl }bo cdqo na hcjeicohdjl Unu}b Jaxdejl "boxoja}ox xoaoxxom }n ju ]bo enul}xt po pjl} }n cdqo dl$ dlouuoleo vxnqdmou j xoa coe}dnl na j 8661 xnlm}jhco enlqoxuj}dnl }bj} mdueuuom# }nni

u}nei na# jmmxouuom vncdet# jlm dmol}dadom u}xj}o`dou }npjxmu ocdgdlj}dl` qdncoleo

j`jdlu} couhdjlu, Jmmd}dnljcct# }bo xovnx} naaoxu dlud`b}u dl}n }bo unedn'vncd}dejc

enl}or} na Un}b Jaxdej jlm }bo cjl`jò jlm qnejhcjxt uom }n uvoji jhn} }bouo

duuou# jlm xoacoe}u qdopu orvxouuom ht ungo na }bo vjx}dedvjl}u aoj}xom dl }bdu

bdu}nxde enlqoxuj}dnl, ]bo xovnx} mnou ln}# bnpoqox# naaox j mo}jdcom jljctudu na }bo

u}j}o na jaajdxu enleoxldl` couhdjl cdqou dl Un}b Jaxdej# lnx mnou d} uvoji nl hobjcana couhdjlu, Xj}box# dl }bouo vjòu jxo gojldlù xocj}om }n }bo duuou ju }bot jxo

dl}oxvxo}om }bxn`b }bo colu na }bo Xnlm}jhco, Dl}oxuvoxuom dl }bo }or} jxo

xoaoxoleou }n }bo exd}dejc cd}oxj}xo# lopu xovnx}u# vnvcjx jx}decou jlm u}j}ogol}u

gjmo ht ungo vjx}dedvjl}u }bj} jcd`l }bo duuou }n nl`ndl` mdueuudnlu, Po jmmxouu

ungo na }bo je}dqdug uxxnlmdl` }bo ejgvjd`l }n olm qdncoleo j`jdlu} couhdjlu# jlm

naaox ungo xoenggolmj}dnlu }bj} po xoen`lduo }n ho dgvnx}jl} anx nl`ndl` vncdet

jlm jmqnejet moqocnvgol},


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rd

Jeilnpcomògol}

]bdu xovnx} pncm ln} bjqo hool vnuudhco pd}bn} }bo ouuol}djc jlm `xjednu uvvnx}

na gjlt dlmdqdmjcu jlm dlu}d}}dnlu, Adxu}ct# pd}bn} }bo adljledjc uvvnx} na }bo

Anlmj}dnl anx Bgjl Xd`b}u "ABX$# }bo Xnlm}jhco nl pbdeb }bdu xovnx} du hjuom

pncm ln} bjqo }jiol vcjeo, ]bo ABX almom j lghox na nx`jlduj}dnlu mxdl` }bo:1 Mjtu na Je}dqdug ejgvjd`l dl 8661# jlm }bo BUXEu @olmox jlm Moqocnvgol}

_ld} j} }bj} u}jò xoeodqom almdl` anx }bo ejgvjd`l }bj} po kndl}ct bnu}om pd}b }bo

Mxhjl Couhdjl jlm @jt Enggld}t jlm Bojc}b Eol}xo, Uvoedjc gol}dnl gu} ho

gjmo na Oqjubloo Ljdmnn anx cojmdl` }bo moqocnvgol} na j bj}o exdgou actox anx }bdu

ejgvjd`l, Uoenlmct# jcc }bo vjx}dedvjl}u j} }bo Xnlm}jhco edqdc unedo}t goghoxu#

goghoxu axng nqoxlgol}# je}dqdu}u# enggld}t cojmoxu# xouojxeboxu jlm jejmogdeu

enl}xdh}om }xogolmnu jlm xoaxoubdl` dlud`b}u dl}n }bo vxneoomdlù mxdl` }bo

nlo'mjt mdueuudnlu, Pd}bdl }bo BUXE# j lghox na uvvnx} u}jaa "Jllo}}o @oxhoxjlm Occj Gj}bnhocj$ juudu}om pd}b }bo nx`jlduj}dnl na }bdu oqol}# pbdeb òloxj}om

geb gomdj enqoxjò jlm mdueuudnl,

Dl mxja}dl` }bo xovnx}# hn}b }bo Mxhjl Couhdjl jlm @jt Enggld}t jlm

Bojc}b Eol}xo jlm }bo _ldqoxud}t na Ejvo ]nplu Jaxdejl @olmox Dlu}d}}o poxo iot

vjx}loxu }bo BUXE jvvxoedj}ou }bdu idlm na vjx}loxubdv, ]bo j}bnxu jcun pdub }n

}bjli vxnaouunxu Ecjmdj Gd}ebocc "Ge@dcc _ldqoxud}t# Ejljmj$ jlm ]bolkdpo

Gotdpj "or _ldqoxud}t na Ipj[c'Lj}jc# lnp Pjc}ox Uduc _ldqoxud}t$ pbn

xoqdopom }bo xovnx} jlm gjmo enlu}xe}dqo enggol}u }bj} bjqo bocvom }n ubjvo }boexxol} qoxudnl, ]bjliu jcun }n Cduj Qo}}ol jlm U}oqo Co}uoio anx vxnqdmdl`

jmmd}dnljc dlanxgj}dnl xozou}om ht }bo j}bnxu# jlm }n ]ud}ud Ebjijtj'L`poltj

anx }oebldejc bocv pd}b }bo gjluexdv}, J} }bo BUXE Vxouu# po orvxouu }bjliu }n }bo

enggduudnldl` omd}nx# Xnubjl Ejmox# jlm }n nx omd}nxdjc vxnkoe} gjljòx#

Ujgjl}bj Bnjojlo,


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rdd

Jhhxoqdj}dnl

JLE Jaxdejl Lj}dnljc Enl`xouu

H]G Hobdlm }bo Gjui

AOP Anxg anx }bo Ogvnpoxgol} na Pngol

ABX Anlmj}dnl anx Bgjl Xd`b}u@JCJ @jt jlm Couhdjl Gognxt dl Je}dnl

BUXE Bgjl Uedoleou Xouojxeb Enledc

DE] Dlanxgj}dnl jlm enggldej}dnl }oeblncn`dou

C@H]D Couhdjl# `jt# hduorjc# }xjlu`olmox# dl}oxuor

L@N Lnl'`nqoxlgol}jc nx`jlduj}dnl

VNPJ Vonvco Nvvnudl` Pngol Jhuo

]JE ]xoj}gol} Je}dnl Ejgvjd`l

]DE ]bo Dllox Edxeco]XE ]x}b jlm Xoenledcdj}dnl Enggduudnl


14/82

Vjx} D

Enl}or} jlm Bd}nxt

Pbj} da cnqdl` jln}box pngjl pju eocohxj}om

pd}b unl`u jlm mjleo jxnlm xdeb Jaxdejl acjgou

pboxo }jcou na gt vonvco jxo }ncm"]xdjl`co Vxnkoe} 8661; ??$

Ln gj}}ox pbj} }xjluvdxou dl enx}# po jxo `ndl` }n ocdgdlj}o couhdjlu jlm

`jtu "}xjlucj}om axng [c$# mdxoe}om ht tnl` gol n}udmo }bo enx} dl

Mocgju# pboxo }bnuo pbn bjm gxmoxom couhdjl uneeox vcjtox Omt Udgocjlo

poxo }xdom jlm uol}oleom nl :5 Aohxjxt 8664,8

Po loom }n ho`dl }n }jci jhn} }bo aje} }bj} po bjqo xd`b}u nqox nx hnmdou dlnx uorjcd}t, Du }bdu }bo axoomng po poxo ad`b}dl` anx> Du }bdu }bo enl}xt po

pjl} }n cdqo dl>5


15/82


16/82


5

Enl}or} jlm unedn'vncd}dejc hjei`xnlm

Dl ojxct Moeoghox 8661# j aop mjtu hoanxo Dl}oxlj}dnljc Bgjl Xd`b}u Mjt# }bo

}bol @olmox jlm Moqocnvgol} _ld} "cj}ox vjx} na }bo Vncdet Jljctudu jlm Ejvjed}tOlbjleogol} Xouojxeb Vxn`xjggo$ na }bo BUXE bnu}om j xnlm}jhco uogdljx

ol}d}com @olmox'hjuom Qdncoleo# Hcjei Couhdjlu# Bj}o Uvooeb jlm Bngnvbnhdj, ]bo

Xnlm}jhco }nni vcjeo dl }bo enl}or} na j lghox na exd}dejc ol`jògol}u pd}b }bo

gojldl` na ed}d{olubdv dl Un}b Jaxdej# jlm pju uvnlunxom ht }bo ABX, Vcjeom pd}bdl

}bo :1 Mjtu na Je}dqdug anx ln Qdncoleo j`jdlu} Pngol jlm Ebdcmxol na 8661# pboxo

je}dqdu}u bjm j uvoedade uo} na mogjlmu# pbdeb dlecmom aju}'}xjeidl` }bo vjuujò na }bo

Uorjc Naaoleou Hdcc# pnxidl` geb bjxmox nl }bo moud`l jlm xnccn} na j lj}dnljc

jl}d'xjvo u}xj}o`t anx vhcde vjx}dedvj}dnl# jlm }bo loom anx geb gnxo }xjdldl` na

vxnuoe}nxu# gj`du}xj}ou jlm vncdeo naadeoxu# }bo uogdljx pju ecojxct jl nvvnx}ld}t

}n enl}xdh}o }n j lj}dnlpdmo mdjcnò nl pbj} d} pncm }jio }n exoj}o j enl}xt dl

pbdeb òlmox'hjuom qdncoleo pju j mtdl` vbolngolnl, Pbdco }bdu xovnx} du ubjvom ht

}bo vxneoomdlù na }bo Xnlm}jhco# d} du dgvnx}jl} }n enl}or}jcduo }bo mdueuudnl dl

nxmox }n bd`bcd`b} }bo u}xj}o`de dgvnx}jleo na }bo oqol} jlm }n vcjeo }bo Xnlm}jhco

pd}bdl }bo }xjkoe}nxt na je}dqdug }bj} anccnpom, Dl jmmd}dnl }n }bo xdeb mdjcnò jlm

mdueuudnl# }bo xovnx} jcun xoaoxoleou vnvcjx jlm uebncjxct cd}oxj}xo nl }bo uhkoe} na

qdncoleo j`jdlu} couhdjlu }bj} du ln} hnlm }n }bo 8661 mdueuudnl, ]bdu du mocdhoxj}o nl

nx vjx} hoejuo pxd}dl` dl 86:6 na jl oqol} }bj} }nni vcjeo anx tojxu j`n xozdxou jl

nl`ndl` ol`jògol} pd}b }bo dggomdj}o vju} jlm }bo lancmdl` oqol}u na }bo vxouol}

enl}or} anx gojldlàc lmoxu}jlmdl` na pbj} }bo a}xo ejl hxdl`,

Qdncoleo j`jdlu} pngol dl Un}b Jaxdej

]bo :1 Mjtu na Je}dqdug anx ln Qdncoleo j`jdlu} Pngol jlm Ebdcmxol ejgvjd`l pju

dld}dj}om dl :446 ht Cj}dl Jgoxdejl L@Nu# ju vjx} na j `cnhjc enggd}gol} }n }jeicdl`

qdncoleo j`jdlu} pngol# ouvoedjcct uorjc qdncoleo, Dl Jaxdejl enl}or}u# }boxo bju hooljl olnxgnu jgnl} na pnxi mnlo dl }bo vju} :2 tojxu# pboxo zou}dnlu na pngolu

xd`b}u }n u}j}o vxn}oe}dnl axng oenlngde# ec}xjc# unedjc jlm dl}dgj}o qdncoleo bjqo

hool v} nl }bo }jhco, ]bo xjlò na je}nxu boxo bju olengvjuuom vjxcdjgol}jxdjlu#

dl}oxlj}dnljc bgjl xd`b}u nx`jlduj}dnlu# lj}dnljc jlm cnejc L@Nu jlm dlmdqdmjc

je}dqdu}u# pd}b exd}dejc ubda}u dl gj}}oxu na co`jc xoanxg jlm vhcde jmqnejet,

Dl Un}b Jaxdej# }bo moejmo vnu}':44= pd}louuom co`jc xoanxg jxnlm }bo xd`b} }n

}oxgdlj}dnl na vxo`ljlet9 }bo vxn}oe}dnl na pngol axng mduexdgdlj}dnl nl }bo hjudu

na òlmox# uor# xjeo jlm uorjc nxdol}j}dnl9 }bo xoen`ld}dnl na mngou}de qdncoleo ju jlduuo pjxxjl}dl` uvoedjc j}}ol}dnl9 jlm uhu}jl}djc xo'ol`jògol} pd}b }bo gojldl` na


17/82


=

uorjc naaoleou, J} }bo ujgo }dgo# vhcde mduenxuou nl }bo gojldl` na olmox ozjcd}t

bjqo hool oaaoe}dqo# j} j uvoxadedjc coqoc# dl }bo vxngn}dnl na pngolu cojmoxubdv#

ouvoedjcct dl }oxgu na uvvnx}dl` pngolu jeeouu }n u}j}o naadeo j} mdqoxuo coqocu,

J lghox na xouojxeboxu "o,`, @npu 866?$ bjqo ln}om }bj} nqox} gnqou }npjxmu}xjluanxgdl` }bo zjcd}t na cdao anx pngol dl Un}b Jaxdej bjqo gjmo cd}}co nx ln

dgvje} dl }oxgu na uoexd}t, Ho}pool 8665 jlm 8662# }bo lghox na xovnx}om xjvou

dl Un}b Jaxdej dlexojuom xj}box }bjl moexojuom jlm# hjuom nl }bo Lj}dnljc Dlu}d}}o

anx Exdgo Vxoqol}dnl jlm Xobjhdcd}j}dnl na Naaolmoxu vxogduo }bj} nlct nlo dl 86

xjvou du xovnx}om# }bo òuu}dgj}o na 8661 xjvou encm ho xojm ju ungo =4= 666,

Pbdco d} du ln} uoac }n pnxi pd}b ueb òuu}dgj}ou dl nxmox }n moqocnv vncdedou nx

vcjl oaaoe}dqo dl}oxqol}dnlu# d} xogjdlu vnuudhco }n u`òu} }bj} }bo enghdlj}dnl na

mngou}de qdncoleo# xjvo# uorjc juujc}# ebdcm uorjc j}}jei# pd}ebexja} bjxjuugol}jlm gxmoxu# uorjc bjxjuugol}# jlm dl}dgj}o aogdedmo exoj}ou j moovct dluoexo

olqdxnlgol} anx Un}b Jaxdejl `dxcu jlm pngol,

Mohj}o nl }bo zjl}dadej}dnl na qdncoleo j`jdlu} pngol bju xjòm anx }bo vju}

uoqol tojxu "u}dgcj}om ht u}j}o xouvnluo }n knxljcdu} Ebjxcolo Ugd}bu vnpoxac

mogjlm# ja}ox box npl xjvo dl 8668# anx ho}}ox vxnqdudnl na uoexd}t jlm uoxqdeou }n

}bnuo pbn xovnx}om xjvo$, Zjl}dadej}dnl du mdaadec}; exdgo u}j}du}deu# xocojuom

jlljcct# bjqo ej}o`nxdou anx xjvo# uorjc juujc}# jlm ebdcm uorjc jhuo# h} mn ln}

ej}o`nxduo xjvo dl mngou}de qdncoleo uovjxj}oct, Dl jmmd}dnl# gjlt u}mdou bjqoubnpl }bj} pngol uooidl` gomdejc bocv anx xjvo xjxoct xovnx} d} "uoo# anx orjgvco#

Qo}}ol :440$, L@Nu }bj} pnxi pd}b pngol jlm `dxcu pbn bjqo uaaoxom xjvo jlm

uorjc jhuo jcun xovnx} }bj} gnu} na }bodx ecdol}u jxo cnj}bo }n gjio anxgjc

engvcjdl}u# oqol j`jdlu} ilnpl xjvdu}u, Ju Udgdmoco Mnuoil "8660$ u`òu}u# }bo

enghdlj}dnl na enlaudl` u}j}du}deu# ouejcj}dl` vhcde gdun`tlt "ueb ju }bj}

mduvcjtom xoeol}ct j} }jrd xjliu pboxo pngol pojxdl` ubnx} uidx}u poxo j}}jeiom$#

jlm pdmouvxojm gomdj mduuogdlj}dnl na juujc}u nl pngol# `dxcu jlm hjhdou exoj}ou

j ecdgj}o na }oxxnx anx jcc pngol# xo`jxmcouu na }bo je}jc olqdxnlgol}u dl pbdeb}bot cdqo, Mnuoil mnou ln} u`òu} }bj} }boxo du ln je}jc mdaaoxoleo dl }bo

qcloxjhdcd}dou na Un}b Jaxdejl pngol "ubo du ecojx }bj} ecjuu du j vnpoxac dlmdej}nx

na jeeouu }n ho}}ox uoexd}t$, Box vndl} du udgvct }bj} aojx na uorjc juujc} u}jciu }bo

dgj`dlj}dnl na gjlt Un}b Jaxdejl pngol# jlm du hjuom nl xojcd}dou na mdxoe}

orvoxdoleo# dlmdxoe} ol`jògol} pd}b qdncoleo olenl}oxom ht pngol jlm `dxcu dl

}bodx cdqou# gomdj xovnx}u na uorjc juujc}u ju j mjdct aoj}xo# jlm }bo jmqnejet na

mdqoxuo ejgvjd`lu jlm nx`jlduj}dnlu pbdeb# dljmqox}ol}ct# xogdlm jcc Un}b Jaxdejl

pngol na }bodx vnuudhco qde}dgbnnm "o,`, Nlo pngjl du xjvom oqoxt 81 uoenlmu jucn`jl nl }bo pohud}o na Xjvo Exdudu Ejvo ]npl$,


18/82


?

Je}dqdug nl qdncoleo j`jdlu} pngol; Enlloe}dnlu pd}b duuou na

bngnvbnhdj

]bo mogjlm anx uoexd}t anx Un}b Jaxdejl pngol# jlm anx }bo oxjmdej}dnl na j

ecdgj}o dl pbdeb qdncoleo j`jdlu} pngol du lnxgjc "Hollo}} 866?$# bju hool j

qoxt u}xnl` }bxojm na Un}b Jaxdejl aogdldu} je}dqdugu udleo hoanxo :44=, Lj}dnljc

vjx}dedvj}dnl dl j uvoedjcct Un}b Jaxdejl :1 Mjtu na Je}dqdug ejgvjd`l ho`jl

dl 8668# jlm pju uool ju j vnpoxac nvvnx}ld}t }n `jcqjlduo u}j}o j}}ol}dnl jlm

xounxeou dl }bo u}x``co }n enl}jdl jlm jmmxouu }bo mjdct qdncoleo orvoxdoleom ht

pngol, Udleo 8665# }bo ABX enl}xdh}om ht almdl` nx`jlduj}dnlu vjx}dedvj}dl`

dl }bo ejgvjd`l# pbdeb xjl axng :1 Lnqoghox }n :6 Moeoghox, D} du dgvnx}jl} }n

ln}o }bj} }bdu jccdjleo enlexo}duom j vncd}dejc jlm }bonxo}dejc axjgopnxi anx u}xj}o`dou

nl qdncoleo j`jdlu} pngol, Jl jvvxnjeb }n qdncoleo j`jdlu} pngol xnn}om dl }bo

dmoj }bj} almjgol}jc bgjl xd`b}u "ju vxn}oe}om dl }bo Un}b Jaxdejl Hdcc na

Xd`b}u$ jxo qdncj}om pbol j pngjl du jhuom du j vnpoxac xn}o }npjxmu vxdnxd}dudl`

oaanx}u }n jmmxouu }bo uenxò, ]bdu du vjx}decjxct }xo pbol ueb oaanx}u jxo vcjeom

jcnlùdmo zou}dnlu na }bo xd`b}u na BDQ'vnud}dqo vonvco# xoaòou jlm gd`xjl}u# }bo

bngocouu# ebdcmxol nxvbjlom ht JDMU nx n}box mduju}oxu# jlm vonvco cdqdl` nl }bo

omò na uhudu}oleo "pd}bn} pj}ox# ocoe}xded}t nx jmozj}o bnudl`$,

Jl nqoxjxebdl` vncd}dejc ghxoccj na bgjl xd`b}u# aneuom nl }bo u}j}ou

enggd}gol} }n `jxjl}oo bgjl xd`b}u }n d}u vonvco# du u}xj}o`dejcct dgvnx}jl}#bocvdl` }n moud`l cdliu ho}pool enlu}d}olet'hjuom ecjdgu anx ku}deo jlm }n exoj}o

j xoudcdol} vncd}dejc ec}xo na ol`jògol} pd}b enl}ogvnxjxt co`jc xd`b}u xj}box

}bjl pd}b bdu}nxdejc ol}d}cogol}u, Na enxuo# dl j enl}or} cdio Un}b Jaxdeju pboxo

}bo loom anx xomxouu j`jdlu} }bo co`jet jlm enl}dlj}dnl na encnldjc jlm

jvjx}bodm'hjuom dlku}deou du xòl}# }bo zou}dnl na bdu}nxt ejlln} ho d`lnxom, Anx

ungo# j bgjl xd`b}u jvvxnjeb du ln} jcpjtu u}xnl` oln`b }n gjljò eox}jdl

enl}ogvnxjxt mohj}ou, D} du# bnpoqox# jl jvvxnjeb `xnlmom dl co`jc jvvxnjebou }n

mduexdgdlj}dnl jlm dl enlu}d}}dnljc xd`b}u xoen`ld}dnl, ]n jmmxouu qdncoleo j`jdlu}pngol }bxn`b j bgjl xd`b}u ghxoccj mnqo}jdcu pocc pd}b }bo co`jc xoanxg pnxi

jlm jmqnejet exxol}ct lmox pjt dl Un}b Jaxdej,

Pbdco }bo enlloe}dnl ho}pool }bo loom }n jmmxouu qdncoleo j`jdlu} pngol jlm }bo

vnpox na jljctudu na ueb qdncoleo ju vjx} jlm vjxeoc na bgjl xd`b}u qdncj}dnlu bjm

hool dl vncd}dejc vcjt anx je}dqdu}u udleo hoanxo 8666# }bo mogjlm }n ol`jò

bngnvbnhdj ju j iot {nlo na qdncoleo j`jdlu} pngol pd}bdl }bo :1 Mjtu na Je}dqdug

ejgvjd`lu dl 8661 pju lop, Jc}bn`b gjlt couhdjl pngol bjqo hool u}oxcdl`

je}dqdu}u pd}bdl bdu}nxdejc jlm enl}ogvnxjxt je}dqdug j`jdlu} }bo uorjc jlm mngou}de


19/82


1

qdncoleo uaaoxom ht pngol jlm ebdcmxol# }bonxo}dejc enlloe}dnlu ho}pool }bo pjtu dl

pbdeb qdncol} dmoncn`dou "gdun`tlt# xjedug# bngnvbnhdj# rolnvbnhdj# jlm un nl$ ild}

nvvnx}ld}dou anx co`d}dgj}o juujc} }nò}box bjqo hool }bdl nl }bo `xnlm, ]bdu du

ln} jcpjtu hoejuo je}dqdu}u ajdc }n mxjp }bouo enlloe}dnlu9 ojxct :426u pnxi dl XjvoExdudu Mxhjl ubnpu ecojx lmoxu}jlmdlù na }bo dl}oxenlloe}omlouu ho}pool nlo

idlm na unedjc qdncoleo jlm n}boxu, Dl vnu}':44= je}dqdug ebjccol`dl` qdncoleo j`jdlu}

pngol# bnpoqox# }boxo bju hool j gjxiom uvcd} ho}pool }bnuo pnxidl` nl couhdjl# `jt#

hduorjc# }xjluòlmox# dl}oxuor "C@H]D$ xd`b}u jlm }bnuo pnxidl` nl qdncoleo j`jdlu}

pngol, ]bo xojunlu anx }bdu jxo engvcor jlm ujmmoldl`# h} nlo na }bo xouc}u du }bj}

d} pju ln} l}dc 8665# pd}b }bo anxgj}dnl na }bo Anxg anx }bo Ogvnpoxgol} na

Pngol "AOP$ ju jl L@N uvoedadejcct momdej}om }npjxmu pnxi pd}b hcjei couhdjlu dl

gjx`dljcduom olqdxnlgol}u# }bj} vhcde je}dqdug enlloe}dl` bngnvbnhdj pd}bqdncoleo j`jdlu} pngol ho`jl }n ogoxò pd}b }jxò}om dld}dj}dqou,

Dld}dj}dqou ueb ju }bo AOPu ]bo Xnuo Bju ]bnxlu# jl jmqnejet jlm uvvnx}

dl}oxqol}dnl# dl 86656= bjm jcxojmt gjmo jl je}dqdu} enlloe}dnl ho}pool xjvo#

xjeo jlm uorjc dmol}d}t, ]bouo dld}dj}dqou bjqo jxòm }bj} hcjei couhdjlu dl vnnx

xhjl lod`bhnxbnnmu# ueb ju Jcorjlmxj# cdqo lmox mjdct }bxoj} na uorjc qdncoleo

ju j mdxoe} xouc} na }bodx uorjc dmol}d}t, _l}dc }bo :1 Mjtu na Je}dqdug ejgvjd`l dl

8661# bnpoqox# vhcde jmqnejet jxnlm qdncoleo j`jdlu} pngol hjxoct jeilnpcomòm

bngnvbnhdj# co} jcnlo mxop nl }bo orvoxdoleou na hcjei couhdjlu ju vjx} na }bodxlmoxu}jlmdl` na }bo gojldl` na qdncoleo j`jdlu} pngol, ]bo 8661 uogdljx nl

bngnvbnhdj# bj}o exdgou jlm mduexdgdlj}dnl j`jdlu} hcjei couhdjlu pju }bu nlo na

j lghox na 8661 oqol}u }bj} }xjluanxgom }bo vhcde ajeo na pbj} pju gojl} ht

qdncoleo j`jdlu} pngol, ]bo ol`jògol} pd}b bngnvbnhdj jlm zou}dnlu na xjeo

"nx ec}xo$ ju mdxoe} jlm vnpoxac mxdqoxu pd}bdl }bo anxeou jldgj}dl` qdncoleo

j`jdlu} pngol du cnl` nqoxmo# jlm ouuol}djc dl }bo lmoxu}jlmdl` na pbj} idlm na

lj}dnl Un}b Jaxdejlu bjqo exoj}om udleo :44=,

Un}b Jaxdejl ed}d{olubdv>

]bo xoen`ld}dnl na qdncoleo j`jdlu} pngol ju jl jmqnejet vcj}anxg }bj} nqox}ct

dlecmou duuou na bngnvbnhdj du nlo xojunl }n eocohxj}o jlm bd`bcd`b} }bo mdueuudnlu

jlm mohj}ou na }bo 8661 Xnlm}jhco, ]boxo jxo# bnpoqox# n}box exd}dejc mdueuudnlu

}bj} bjqo hool olox`duom ht jl jljctudu na hcjei couhdjlu orvoxdoleou na bj}o exdgou#

qdncoleo jlm bngnvbnhdj, Udleo :44=# }bo ln}dnl na ed}d{olubdv bju hool eol}xjc }n

vncd}dejc mohj}o dl Un}b Jaxdej# jlm zou}dnlu na xd`b}u# orecudnlu jlm dlecudnlu#

jlm ozjcd}t hoanxo }bo cjp# bjqo hool almjgol}jcct enlloe}om }n }bo gojldl` na jlop anxg na ed}d{olubdv anx }bo gjknxd}t na vonvco cdqdl` dl }bo enl}xt,


20/82


0

Vncd}dejc je}dqdugu jxnlm j lghox na duuou bjqo hj}}com }bo u}j}o dl }oxgu na pbj}

ed}d{olubdv ol}jdcu, ]bo ]xoj}gol} Je}dnl Ejgvjd`lu "]JEu$ co`jc je}dqdug j`jdlu}

}bo u}j}o ho}pool 8666 jlm 8661 pju vxogduom nl }bo xd`b}u bocm ht jcc Un}b

Jaxdejlu lmox }bo Enlu}d}}dnl }n vxn}oe}dnl axng mduexdgdlj}dnl# jlm }bo ln}dnl naed}d{olubdv xd`b}u bju lmox`dxmom u}x``cou anx cjlm# ocoe}xded}t# jeeouu }n bojc}bejxo#

jlm bnudl`, C@H]D je}dqdug bju udgdcjxct jxòm anx jeeouu }n "anx orjgvco$ }bo

xd`b} }n gjxxt nx }n jmnv} ebdcmxol lmox }bo ghxoccj na ozjc jeeouu }n ed}d{olubdv,

]bo anccnpdl` hxnjm vndl}u dccu}xj}o bnp ed}d{olubdv du lmoxu}nnm jlm moadlom;

D} enlu}d}}ou j enl}ou}om }oxg dl co`jc jlm vncd}dejc mdueuudnlu# h} hxnjm

moadld}dnlu pncm u`òu} }bj} ed}d{olubdv du hn}b j u}j}u jlm j vxje}deo.anxg

na jòlet,

Dl }oxgu na u}j}u# d} xoaoxu }n j xocj}dnlubdv ho}pool }bo dlmdqdmjc jlm }bo u}j}ojlm ho}pool dlmdqdmjc ed}d{olu xo`cj}om }bxn`b xd`b}u,

Dl }oxgu na j vxje}deo.anxg na jòlet# }bo }oxg olengvjuuou dmoju jhn} xd`b}u

}n vjx}dedvj}dnl pd}bdl unedjc vxneouuou "`nqoxljleo# ec}xjc# oenlngde# unedjc$,

Bdu}nxdejcct# pd}bdl pou}oxl vncd}dejc dmoju jhn} ed}d{olu# j ed}d{ol bju hool

dgj`dlom ju jl lòlmoxom# mduoghnmdom# jhu}xje} ld},

Anx Un}b Jaxdejlu# ed}d{olubdv lmox encnldjcdug jlm jvjx}bodm pju gjdlct j

bdu}nxt na orecudnlu na gjlt vonvco }bxn`b xjedjc ej}o`nxduj}dnl# jlm }bxn`b

}bo encnlduj}dnl.nx`jlduj}dnl na cjlm jlm cjhnx, Udleo vncd}dejc mognexj}duj}dnl dl:44=# }bo moadld}dnl na ed}d{olubdv bju jc}oxom xjmdejcct anx Un}b Jaxdejlu }bu }bo

ecjdgdl` na ed}d{olubdv "}bxn`b ecjdgu }n xd`b}u# xounxeou# dmol}d}dou$ ogoxòu dl j

enl}or} na vonvco moovct mdqdmom ht bdu}nxdejc unedjc xocj}dnlubdvu "Qjl [tc 866?$9 j

voxunlu xd`b}u jxo ln} ld}jxt# }bot jxo lo`n}dj}om jlm hjcjleom dl xocj}dnl }n n}box

vonvcou xd`b}u# uo} j`jdlu} j hjeimxnv na u}x``cou anx oenlngde.vncd}dejc mngdljleo,

]bo vnu}'jvjx}bodm u}j}o du exxol}ct je}dqoct ol`jòm dl vxngn}dl` lj}dnljc

dmol}d}t hjuom nl jcco`djleo }n enlu}d}}dnljc vxdledvcou jlm jmboxoleo }n j ec}xo

na xd`b}u jeeouu }n ed}d{olubdv dlqncqou jaadld}dou }n vncd}dejc xd`b}u jlm goghoxubdvna ec}xjc lmoxu}jlmdlù ueb ju hl} "xouvnludhdcd}t }n enggld}t$, D} du

vnuudhco# }boxoanxo# }n uoo ed}d{olubdv ju j vxneouu na lo`n}dj}dl` xocj}dnlubdv }n

kxdmdejc u}j}u "co`jc dmol}d}dou jlm vxneouuou$9 xouvnludhdcd}dou.nhcd`j}dnlu9

vjx}dedvj}dqo vnpox; vnud}dqo xd`b}u "vxngn}dnl na vjx}dedvj}dnl dl `nqoxljleo$ jlm

lo`j}dqo xd`b}u "axoomng axng mduexdgdlj}dnl$9 jlm ol}d}cogol} xd`b}u "zjcdadej}dnl

anx jeeouu }n uoxqdeou jlm xounxeou$,

Aogdldu} }bonxo}dedjlu jcun dlqnio ln}dnlu na hocnl`dl`; }bo mdgoludnl na

ed}d{olubdv }bj} xounlj}ou pd}b }bo ogn}dnljc j aoocdl` na hocnl`dl` }bj} }xjlueolmu


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2

duuou na goghoxubdv# xd`b}u jlm m}dou, ]bdu dlqncqou j uoluo na }bo ogn}dnlu }bj}

ueb goghoxubdv oqniou# ejxxtdl` jcnl` pd}b }bog vxnuvoe}u anx lo`n}dj}dnl#

idlubdv# uncdmjxd}t jlm qcloxjhdcd}t }n }bo idlmu na vutebncn`dejc dgvje}u }bj}

dlqncqo dmol}dadej}dnl jlm uoexd}t "nx# enlqoxuoct# jcdolj}dnl jlm gduoxt$, Hocnl`dl`du j enlu}xe}dnl }bj} nlct hoengou qdudhco pbol }bxoj}olom "Qjl [tc 866? dl

@npu 866?; :=?$,

Axng }bdu "xj}box nqoxudgvcdadom$ dl}xnme}dnl }n }bo moadld}dnljc vncd}deu na

ed}d{olubdv "j enl}ou}om enleov} pd}bdl aogdldu} edxecou hoejuo na d}u enlloe}dnlu }n

lj}dnljcdug$# d} du vnuudhco }n ln}o }bj} uorjcd}dou dl}oxuoe} pd}b jeeouu }n ed}d{olubdv

j} lgoxnu coqocu,

Adxu}ct# j} }bo gnu} almjgol}jc coqoc# unedjc nx`jlduj}dnl na vonvco }bxn`b

òlmox lnxgu ju gol jlm.nx pngol u}xe}xou# }bxn`b bo}oxnuorjcd}t# jcc anxguna idlubdv jccdjleo xoen`lduom ju }bo hjudu axng pbdeb enggld}dou jxo enlu}d}}om,

]bo vncd}deu na xovxnme}dqo lnxgu# enlqol}dnlu nl gjxxdjò# xocd`dnu jlm co`jc

jvvxnjebou }n pbj} enlu}d}}ou co`d}dgj}o uorjc vxje}deo "un }bj}# anx orjgvco# uor

ho}pool jl jmc} jlm j ebdcm du dcco`d}dgj}o dl gnu} ec}xou# jc}bn`b pbj} moadlou

j ebdcm du na enxuo enl}ou}jhco$# jgnl` n}boxu# pojqo j xocj}dnlubdv ho}pool

ed}d{olubdv jlm uorjcd}dou }bj} du jcc'olengvjuudl`,

Uoenlmct# pbol d} engou }n }bdlidl` jhn} }bo pjt dl pbdeb uorjcd}dou jxo cdqom

jlm orvoxdoleom# d} du ecojx }bj} mtljgdeu na qdncoleo nx orvcnd}j}dnl ejl ho vjx} jlmvjxeoc na uorjc je}dqd}t, Ueb mtljgdeu exoj}o j ej}o`nxt na uoenlm'ecjuu ed}d{olu

pbnuo voxunljc "ungo}dgou vxnaouudnljc$ cdqou jxo mngdlj}om ht pbj} }bot orvoxdoleo

pd}bdl }bodx uorjc cdqou, ]bdu ejl dlqncqo hxnjm zou}dnlu na òlmox'hjuom qdncoleo#

dlecmdl` }bo gjx`dljcduj}dnl na uor pnxioxu, @olmox lnxgu }olm }n dgvje} bojqdct

nl }bo mtljgdeu# jlm }bu }bo enlloe}dnl ho}pool uorjcd}t jlm ed}d{olubdv j} }bdu

coqoc hoengou nlo na mduexdgdlj}dnl,

]bdxmct# hoejuo bo}oxnuorjcd}t du ueb j moovct xnn}om ec}xjc lnxg# }bnuo pbn

jxo ln} bo}oxnuorjc gjt orvoxdoleo `xnuu coqocu na jcdolj}dnl axng ed}d{olubdv; co`jc#unedjc# ec}xjc jlm xocd`dnu, ]bdu du j engvcor jxoj# h} nlo dl pbdeb enlloe}dnlu

ho}pool uorjcd}t jlm ed}d{olubdv jxo u}jxi, ]bnuo dmol}dadom ju ln} bo}oxnuorjc

jxo je}dqoct moldom co`d}dgjet dl mxjgj}dejcct mduexdgdlj}nxt pjtu dl enl}or}u }bj}

jxo moadlom jlm moadlo }boguocqou jeenxmdl` }n ec}xo jlm }xjmd}dnl,

]boxo jxo gjlt gnxo enlloe}dnlu }n ho gjmo9 uaadeo }n ujt }bj} }bot vndl} }n

òlmoxom {nlou na vncdet dl pbdeb }boxo du geb qncj}dcd}t pbol d} engou }n mohj}o#

pbo}box j} u}j}o nx dlmdqdmjc coqoc, D} du vnuudhco }n jxò }bj} }xjeidl` ueb mohj}o

du j vnpoxac pjt na xojmdl` j vncd}dejc enl}or}# jlm }n u`òu} }bj} ajx axng hodl`}bo vxn`xouudqo Jaxdejl u}j}o "ju po jxo na}ol }bn`b} na hoejuo na nx Enlu}d}}dnlu


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4

vnud}dnl nl òlmox# uor jlm uorjc nxdol}j}dnl$# Un}b Jaxdej du moovct dlqncqom dl

j``xouudqo# jlm ungo}dgou jxeb'enluoxqj}dqo# enl}ou}j}dnl jhn} pbj} du lnxgjc dl

}oxgu na gjuecdld}t# aogdldld}t jlm uorjc ec}xo "uoo Xnhox}u ! Xommt 8662$,

]bo orvoxdoleou na hcjei couhdjlu dl}oxxn`j}o Un}b Jaxdeju vncd}deu na ed}d{olubdv dlj pjt }bj} mogjlmu dggomdj}o j}}ol}dnl,

Ln}ou nl 8661

]bo tojx 8661 pju j qoxt vjx}decjx tojx dl }bo bdu}nxt na Un}b Jaxdej jlm d}u

ol`jògol} pd}b zou}dnlu na ed}d{olubdv# òlmox# uorjcd}t jlm qdncoleo, Dl Gjt na

}bj} tojx# }bo }bol'uuvolmom mov}t vxoudmol}# Kjenh [gj# pju jezd}}om na }bo

ebjxòu na xjvo cjdm j`jdlu} bdg ht j 5:'tojx'ncm pngjl bo ilop, Ibpo{d# }bo ljgo

`dqol }n }bo engvcjdljl} ht }bo je}dqdu} `xnvu }bj} `jqo box ejuo vhcde uvvnx}#

dmol}dadom boxuoca ju couhdjl, Vhcde mduenxuo ho}pool Kjljxt jlm Gjt na }bj} tojx

pju uj}xj}om pd}b mohj}ou ogox`dl` axng }bo vxneouu na }bo }xdjc, Zou}dnlu jhn}

}bo gojldl` na xjvo# ec}xjc lnxgu nl bo}oxnuorjc dl}dgjet# }bo xojunlu j pngjl

gd`b} cjt anxgjc engvcjdl}u na uorjc juujc}# jlm pbj} xouvoe} anx j engvcjdljl}u

xd`b}u gojlu dl }bo vxneouu na j vhcde }xdjc hoejgo qncj}dco }oxxjdl anx je}dqdug jlm

mdueuudnl, Dl }bo enxuo na }bo }xdjc jlm d}u ja}oxgj}b# }bo gdun`tlt na gjlt na

}bnuo pbn uvvnx}om [gj hoejgo nqox} dl }bodx vhcde uenxl jlm mo`xjmj}dnl na }bo

engvcjdljl}, J enccoe}dqo na aogdldu} nx`jlduj}dnlu hjuom dl @j}ol` "ueb ju VonvcoNvvnudl` Pngol Jhuo YVNPJW# ]ubpjxjlol`# jlm }bo AOP$ hjlmom }nò}box

ju }bo Nlo'dl'Ldlo ejgvjd`l# pd}b j uvoedade enggd}gol} }n uvvnx}dl` Ibpo{d

vhcdect ju j uxqdqnx na xjvo, Dl }bodx vhcde mognlu}xj}dnlu jlm dl}oxlo}.gomdj'

aneuom jmqnejet pnxi# Ibpo{du couhdjl dmol}d}t mdm ln} }jio vjx}decjx vxoeomoleo

nl }bo vcj}anxg na enleoxlu jhn} unedn'vncd}dejc dlku}deou nl pbdeb }bo ejgvjd`l

aneuom, Bnpoqox# }bo ejgvjd`l pju mxdqol cjxòct ht je}dqdu}u pbn bjm u}xnl`

orvoxdoleo na }bo cdliu ho}pool uorjc qdncoleo# bngnvbnhdj jlm }bo ebjccolòu

ajeom ht vnnx hcjei pngol, Jlm ueb orvoxdoleo bjm jcxojmt ej}jctuom n}xjòaxng }bo C@H]D gnqogol} ojxcdox dl 8661 "= Aohxjxt$ pbol [ncdupj Linltjlj#

jl :2'tojx'ncm couhdjl pngjl cdqdl` j} }bo }dgo dl Ibjtocd}ubj# Ejvo ]npl# pju

gxmoxom ht j `xnv na tnl` gol pbn poxo orvcded} jhn} }bodx moudxo }n idcc box

hoejuo ubo pju j couhdjl, D} pju ecojx }bj} }bo gxmox enlu}d}}om bj}o exdgo, Dl }bo

uoenlm Jaxdej Enlaoxoleo nl Uorjc Bojc}b jlm Xd`b}u }bj} tojx dl Ljdxnhd# Adidco

Qdcjij{d na }bo Enjcd}dnl na Jaxdejl Couhdjlu uvnio na Linltjlju gxmox ju nlo dl

jl ouejcj}dl` lghox na bj}o exdgou mdxoe}om j} hcjei couhdjlu jlm `jt gol# jlm Ejxt

Knblunl "}bol na }bo Dl}oxlj}dnljc @jt jlm Couhdjl Bgjl Xd`b}u Enggduudnl$


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:6

enlexxom; Da `nqoxlgol}u xouvoe} bgjl xd`b}u# }bol }bo xd`b}u na `jt voxunlu jlm

couhdjlu gu} ho dlenxvnxj}om dl }bo pdmox bgjl xd`b}u axjgopnxi,=

8661 pju jcun }bo tojx dl pbdeb }bo Edqdc _ldnl Hdcc pju lmox vhcde uex}dlt#

jlm dl }bo pdmo jxxjt na nvdldnlu jhn} }bo co`d}dgjet na gjxxdjò ho}pool vonvcona }bo ujgo uor }boxo pju jgvco nvvnx}ld}t anx }bo orvxouudnl na moov'xnn}om

bngnvbnhdj axng gtxdjm uoe}nxu na unedo}t, ]bo vjuujò na }bo Hdcc pju }nx}xom#

jlm bngnvbnhde vhcde nvdldnl jxnlm }bo co`d}dgjet na ujgo'uor gjxxdjò pju

naaoxom xocj}dqoct lao}}oxom }bxn`b lopuvjvoxu# xjmdnu# gj`j{dlou jlm }ocoqdudnl

ubnpu, Pbdco }bo Hdcc pju vjuuom# }bdu pju j mdxoe} xouc} na }bo aje} }bj} Jaxdejl

Lj}dnljc Enl`xouu "JLE$ vjxcdjgol}jxt goghoxu poxo dlu}xe}om }n uvvnx} }bo

Hdcc nl enlu}d}}dnljc `xnlmu, D} pju }bo nvdldnl na gjlt jljctu}u }bj} bjm jcc

vjxcdjgol}jxdjlu hool jccnpom }n qn}o jeenxmdl` }n }bodx enluedoleo# }bo Hdcc pncmln} bjqo hool vjuuom "Mo Qnu ! Hjxljxm 8660$,

Vxouol}dl` }bo Xnlm}jhco

]bo Xnlm}jhco }bj} anxgom }bo ej}jctu} anx }bdu vhcdej}dnl }bu }nni vcjeo j} }bo

olm na j tojx dl pbdeb }bo vncd}deu na òlmox jlm uorjcd}t dl Un}b Jaxdej poxo

dlexojudl`ct xoen`lduom ju }bo ud}o na gc}dvco anxgu na mduolaxjlebduogol}, ]bdu

gjmo j gneioxt na }bo dmoj }bj} Un}b Jaxdejl ed}d{olu olkntom ozjc nvvnx}ld}dou

naaoxom ht u}xnl` enlu}d}}dnljc vxn}oe}dnlu j`jdlu} jlt anxg na mduexdgdlj}dnl jlmudgc}jlonuct ebjccolòm Un}b Jaxdejl je}dqdu}u }n ecjdg }bodx xd`b}u }n axoomng

na ebndeo dl uorjc jlm xovxnme}dqo gj}}oxu,

J adljc vndl} nl }bo unedn'vncd}dejc enl}or} anx }bo Xnlm}jhco enleoxlom je}dqdug,

Udleo 8665 jlm ojxcdox# ungo je}dqdu}u bjm hool uvojxbojmdl` j aneu nl }bo cdqou na

hcjei couhdjlu cdqdl` dl pnxidl`'ecjuu jlm vnnx lod`bhnxbnnmu, ]n dccu}xj}o# dl

8665 [jloco Gbncd# }bol na }bo AOP dl @j}ol`# jlm Mnllj Ugd}b# jcun na AOP#

ho`jl j ejgvjd`l ejccom ]bo Xnuo Bju ]bnxlu dl pbdeb }bot hn}b xouojxebom }bo

u}nxdou na hcjei couhdjl pngol# gnu}ct dl Jcorjlmxj# jlm vxnqdmom nl`ndl` co`jc jlmunedjc uvvnx} }n }bnuo pbn bjm hool xjvom jlm juujc}om, ]bo ejgvjd`l jcun

mogjlmom }bj} n}box je}dqdu} L@Nu }jio nl hnjxm jmqnejet anx pngol pbnuo cdqou

poxo hodl` gjmo lhojxjhco ht j mjdct enghdlj}dnl na bngnvbnhdj# gdun`tlt jlm

cjei na gj}oxdjc xounxeou, Ht }bo olm na 8661# pd}b }bo nl`ndl` pnxi na }bo Nlo'dl'

Ldlo ejgvjd`l# AOP# N_] C@H] Pocc'hodl`# }bo Mxhjl Couhdjl jlm @jt

Enggld}t jlm Bojc}b Eol}xo# VNPJ jlm }bo Couhdjl jlm @jt Ozjcd}t Vxnkoe}#

}bo duuo na }bo mjlòx dl pbdeb hcjei couhdjlu poxo cdqdl` }bxn`bn} Un}b Jaxdej

bjm hoengo anxo`xnlmom dl j lghox na C@H]D jlm n}box nx`jlduj}dnlu, ]boXnlm}jhco vjx}dedvjl}u poxo cjxòct mxjpl axng }bdu enlu}d}olet jlm }bodx mohj}ou


24/82


::

}bu xoqojc ungo na }bo gnu} enl}ogvnxjxt je}dqdu}'com dmoju nl }bo dl}oxuoe}dnlu

ho}pool xjeo# ecjuu# òlmox jlm uorjcd}t dl }bo enl}xt, Pbdco }bo nqoxjxebdl`

ogvbjudu na }bo mdueuudnl pju nl zou}dnlu na qdncj}dnl jlm qdncoleo# }bo olox`t jlm

engvcord}t na }bo mohj}ou mxdqol anx }bo gnu} vjx} ht mdaaoxol} hcjei couhdjlu hojxu pd}louu }n }bo qdhxjlet# u}xol`}b jlm enxjò na }bnuo lmox}jidl` }bo u}x``co

}n enlaxnl} bngnvbnhdj jlm òlmox'hjuom qdncoleo# hn}b j} j }bonxo}dejcct u}xj}o`de

coqoc jlm pd}bdl }bo ld}}t'`xd}}t na }bodx mjdct cdqou,

]bo hxnjm nhkoe}dqou na }bo Xnlm}jhco nl pbdeb }bdu xovnx} du vxdgjxdct aneuom

poxo }n hn}b u}xol`}bol je}dqdu} uncdmjxd}t }bxn`b mdueuudnl jlm mohj}o nl duuou na

qdncj}dnl uxxnlmdl` hcjei couhdjl cdqou# jlm }n ecjxdat u}xj}o`dou anx ol`j`dl` }bo

ecdgj}o na bnu}dcd}t, Pbdco ueb j ecdgj}o# na enxuo# gjt }jxò} vonvco ueb ju hcjei

couhdjlu# d} pju xoen`lduom ht jcc j} }bo Xnlm}jhco ju bjqdl` dgvcdej}dnlu anx }bozjcd}t na jcc Un}b Jaxdejlu cdqou, ]bo orvcded} enggd}gol} }n j aneu nl hcjei

couhdjl orvoxdoleou na qdncj}dnl pju }bu j xoen`ld}dnl na orje}ct bnp qcloxjhco

pngol cdqdl` n}udmo bo}oxnuorjc lnxgu anx xocj}dnlubdv# moudxo jlm ajgdct anxgj}dnl

jxo }n `xnuu unedn'ec}xjc hx}jcd}t# jlm na }bo pjtu dl pbdeb Un}b Jaxdejl xojcd}dou na

xjeo jlm ecjuu mxdqo ueb hx}jcd}dou }npjxmu ungo pngol xj}box }bjl n}boxu, J} }bo

ujgo }dgo# d} du exd}dejc }n bnlnx j hxnjm'hjuom enggd}gol} }n }bo aje} }bj}

ej}o`nxduj}dnlu na dmol}d}t jxo enlu}xe}u# jlm }bj} pbdco }bot gjt ho movcntom

u}xj}o`dejcct dl }bo ljgo na j aneu nl j vjx}decjx uo} na dlku}deou jlm }npjxmu vncd}dejcje}dqdug# }bouo ej}o`nxduj}dnlu uoxqo }bo dl}oxou}u na j unedo}t hdc} nl bdoxjxebduom

mdqdudnlu, Dl jmmd}dnl# }bot jxo na}ol luj}duaje}nxt bngou anx }bnuo }n pbng }bot jxo

}bn`b} }n xoaox# exoj}dl` u}xjlò uovjxj}dnlu# bdmmol ljxxj}dqou jlm vncd}dejc enlaudnl,

Hocnp# zou}dnlu na cjl`jò jlm }oxgdlncn`t jxo jmmxouuom mdxoe}ct dl nxmox }n hn}b

ecjxdat }bo loom anx j aneu nl j enlu}d}olet hnlmjxdom ht }bo }oxg hcjei couhdjl

jlm jeilnpcomò }bo mduexudqo jlm vncd}dejc ebjccolòu na mndl` }bdu,

Cjl`jò jlm qnejhcjxt

D} du j pocc'ou}jhcdubom aje} }bj} mdaaoxol} qdncol} dmoncn`dou movcnt cjl`jò ju j iot

}nnc anx }bo mobgjlduj}dnl na vonvco enlu}xe}om ju n}box nx mdaaoxol} "Anu}ox o}

jc, 866?$, Pd}bdl Un}b Jaxdej# }bo bdu}nxt na xjedug du uj}xj}om pd}b }oxgdlncn`dou

moud`lom }n mold`xj}o vonvco# jlm }bo enlu}xe}dnl na xjeo d}uoca movcntu jl}j`nldu}de

encnx }oxgu "pbd}o qoxuu hcjei$ pd}b jcc }bo utghncde pod`b} na pou}oxl

gt}bncn`dou jxnlm enlloe}dnlu ho}pool pbd}olouu jlm vxd}t# jlm ho}pool

hcjeilouu jlm oqdc, Bngnvbnhdj udgdcjxct mxjpu nl j pdmo xjlò na }oxgu }n mouexdhovonvco pbn jxo uorjcct mxjpl }n }bnuo na }bodx npl òlmox }n mdu`xjeo jlm bgdcdj}o


25/82


:8

}bog# jlm }n j}}jei jltnlo pbnuo òlmox dmol}dadej}dnl du lenlqol}dnljc, ]bu# anx

orjgvco# }bo }oxgu gnaado nx dd}jhjlo jxo uom }n vncdeo uebnnchntu "}bo gjknxd}tna pbng pncm ebnnuo bo}oxnuorjcd}t ju j cdao nxdol}j}dnl$ pbnuo gjuecdld}dou jxo

zou}dnljhco, Udgdcjxct# mtio ejl ho ju ojudct uom pd}b j bo}oxnuorjc pngjl pbndu mducdiom ju pd}b ungonlo dmol}datdl` ju j couhdjl,

Jcnlùdmo jl jxxjt na u}d`gj}dudl` ljgou# couhdjlu jlm jt gol jxo udgc}jlonuct

pnqol dl}n j lo}pnxi na gt}bu enleoxldl` }bodx vxngdued}t# }bodx qdncj}dnlu na

ebdcmxol# }bodx voxqoxudnl# }bodx udlaclouu# }bodx udeilouu jlm }bodx gol}jc dcc bojc}b

"Xommt 8668$, Pbdco j} jl je}dqdu} coqoc d} du jcpjtu vnuudhco }n }xjluanxg lo`j}dqo

ljgou "ueb ju mtio$ dl}n ucn`jlu na vxdmo# nx }n ebjccolò jhuxm gt}bu# d} du

lnlo}bocouu }xo }bj} }bo pod`b} na bngnvbnhde u}d`gj jlm vxokmdeo du un u}xnl` dl

gjlt Un}b Jaxdejl olqdxnlgol}u }bj} oqol }n ho }oxgom couhdjl nx `jt duuaadedol} dlmeogol} anx "qoxhjc nx vbtudejc$ j}}jei,

Nlo na }bo dgvcdej}dnlu na }bdu du }bj} d} du loeouujxt }n enl}or}jcduo }bdu xovnx}u

uo na }bo }oxg hcjei couhdjl# jlm }n mdueuu hn}b }bo ebndeo }n mn }bdu jlm }bo

vn}ol}djc ebjccolòu,

]bo xovnx}u cjl`jò

]bo }oxg cohdjl jlm hcjei]n jeeov} }bj} d} du loeouujxt }n aneu nl }bo pjtu dl pbdeb hcjei couhdjlu dl Un}b

Jaxdej jxo exxol}ct nqox} }jxò}u na unedjc# ec}xjc jlm vncd}dejc qdncoleo gojlu

jeeov}dl` }bj} hcjei couhdjlu ejl ho uvniol na enccoe}dqoct, Ecojxct# }bdu du jl

jhuxmd}t, Ju [o}b Gj}ohold "8662$ u`òu}u# }bo }oxg couhdjl ejl olengvjuu j

qoxt pdmo xjlò na vonvco, Zou}dnlu na uoca'dmol}dadej}dnl# gnmou na ajgdct exoj}dnl#

uorjc moudxo jlm vxje}deou jlm n}box enleoxlu ebjccolò }bo ln}dnl }bj} couhdjl

uoacct mouexdhou j xocj}dnl }n uorjcd}t, Dl jmmd}dnl# }bo }oxg dl d}u lnx}boxl xnn}u

orvcded}ct uo`xo`j}ou couhdjlu axng }pn n}box enlu}d}oledou; gol jlm bo}oxnuorjcvonvco, ]bo vncd}deu na }bdu uo`xo`j}dnl poxo `xnlmom dl uoqoxjc vncd}dejc loomu;

}bo loom }n uxajeo }bo bo}oxnuordug na pngol je}dqo j`jdlu} vj}xdjxebjc jlm.nx

dgvoxdjc lnxgu# jlm }n ecjdg uvjeo anx mdueuudnl na }bo orvoxdoleou jlm xd`b}u

na pngol pbn ebnnuo n}box pngol ju uorjc jlm cdao vjx}loxu9

}bo loom }n xoen`lduo }bj} zoox lnx}boxl je}dqdug# vnpoxacct mxdqol ht `jt#

pbd}o gol# encm ln} jeilnpcomò }bo }oxxjdl }bxn`b pbdeb couhdjl pngol

an`b} anx xd`b}u jlm xoen`ld}dnl9 jlm

}bo bdu}nxdejc xojcd}t }bj} unedjc vxnuexdv}dnlu j`jdlu} ujgo'uor moudxo jlmxocj}dnlubdvu bjqo loqox ueeoomom dl ocdgdlj}dl` }bouo moudxou jlm }bj}


26/82


:5

pngol# pbdco jcpjtu ej`b} pd}bdl }bo bo}oxnuorjc lnxgu na }bo mjt# bjqo

an`b} bjxm }n adlm pjtu }n cnqo jlm bjqo xocj}dnlubdvu pd}b n}box pngol,

Dl Un}b Jaxdej# }bo }oxg couhdjl ejlln} ho j}ngj}dejcct uovjxj}om od}box axng

zou}dnlu na gjuecdld}t nx axng duuou na bo}oxnuorjcd}t, Oqol da nlo du xojmt }n jeeov}#

ju "un ajx$ gjlt je}dqdu}u dl }bo jxoj bjqo mnlo# }bj} }bo }oxg ejl ho dlenxvnxj}om dl}n

vncd}dejc nx`jlduj}dnl jlm jmqnejet# }bo aje} du }bj} d} enlu}d}}ou jl dgvnud}dnl nqox

gnu} Un}b Jaxdejlu cdl`du}de mouexdv}nxu anx uorjc jlm xovxnme}dqo dmol}d}dou, Nl

}bo nlo bjlm }boxo jxo moxn`j}nxt }oxgu# ueb ju Lnl`jtdlmnmj dl dud[c# pbdebu}d`gj}duo pngol }bn`b} }n ho cdqdl` hotnlm jeeov}om bo}oxnuorjc lnxgu na mxouu#

hobjqdnx nx moudxo, Nl }bo n}box bjlm# }boxo jxo ln pdmoct jeeov}om# vnud}dqo# lnl'

encnldjc }oxgu anx j eocohxj}om jlm ebnuol# lnl'enlqol}dnljc uorjc dmol}d}t, Dl

jmmd}dnl# gjlt couhdjl pngol bjqo ebdcmxol jlm cnl` }n bjqo ebdcmxol jlm bjqo vju}

nx nl`ndl` unedjc xocj}dnlubdvu pd}b gol, J ecojx uovjxj}dnl ho}pool }bo vncd}deu na

xovxnme}dnl jlm }bo vncd}deu na jc}oxlj}dqo uorjc dmol}d}t du ln} uoac pbol d} engou

}n moov lmoxu}jlmdlù na couhdjlu mjdct orvoxdoleou, Jlm cju}ct# }bo zou}dnl na couhdjl

gjuecdld}t du }jiol v pd}b qd`nx dl }bo lo`n}dj}dnl na uoqoxjc Un}b Jaxdejlu pd}b

}bodx vxoaoxoleou anx uoca'xoen`ld}dnl# uorjc nxdol}j}dnl jlm òlmox dmol}dadej}dnl, ]bo

pou}oxl juugv}dnlu axng }bo :406u jlm :426u }bj} couhdjl dmol}d}dou almjgol}jcct

ouebopom gjuecdld}dou jxo ln} jcpjtu uoac dl Un}b Jaxdej "gnxo xoeol} pou}oxl pnxi#

ueb ju Kmd}b Bjchoxu}jgu Y:442W# mnou orvcnxo couhdjl ol`jògol} pd}b gjuecdld}dou$,Da }bo }oxg couhdjl du }nn udgvco }n ho movcntom pd}bn} jlrdo}t# }bo }oxg hcjei

du oqol gnxo un, ]bo vnu}'jvjx}bodm vncd}dejc mduvoluj}dnl dl Un}b Jaxdej enggd}}om

}bo enl}xt }n hdcmdl` j lj}dnl axoo na xjedug jlm na }bo idlmu na gj}oxdjc jlm

vncd}dejc enluozoleou anx cdao pboxo dmol}d}dou jxo ej}o`nxduom }bxn`b xoaoxoleo }n

xjeo, Hcjei pju loqox nlo na }bo naadedjc jvjx}bodm ej}o`nxduj}dnlu# jc}bn`b d} pju#

na enxuo# pdmoct uom pd}bdl vnvcjx jlm vncd}dejc xjedu} mduenxuo }n xoaox dl

moxn`j}nxt pjtu }n vonvco na j pdmo qjxdo}t na hjei`xnlmu dmol}dadom ju lnl'

Oxnvojl, Mxdl` }bo `xnp}b na jl}d'jvjx}bodm gnqogol}u# }bo }oxg hcjei pjuecjdgom ju j }oxg na ld}t j`jdlu} jvjx}bodm utu}ogu jlm dmoncn`dou# adxu} orvcded}ct ht

}bo Hcjei Enluednulouu Gnqogol} "pboxo hcjei xoaoxxom enccoe}dqoct }n vonvco pbn

poxo ln} na encnxom# Dlmdjl# Jaxdijjlu nx Ol`cdub moueol}$ jlm cj}ox ht vonvco

pnxidl` pd}b }bo lmox`xnlm JLE jlm }bo _ld}om Mognexj}de Axnl}, Boxo#

hcjei pju movcntom ju j }oxg na xoqnc}dnljxt uncdmjxd}t jexnuu jcc jvjx}bodm xjeo

ej}o`nxdou# oreov} pbd}o, Vnu}':44=# }bo }oxg hcjei u}x``com# jcnl` pd}b n}box

xjedjc }oxgu# }n lo`n}dj}o }bo enl}xjmde}nxt vccu na j un'ejccom lnl'xjedjc mognexjet,


27/82


:=

Nl }bo nlo bjlm# d} pju dgvnx}jl} }n moenlu}xe} jcc co`jc jlm unedjc hjxxdoxu }n

}bo oenlngde jlm vncd}dejc axoomng na jcc pbn bjm hool enlu}xde}om }bxn`b }bo

jvjx}bodm ej}o`nxdou na Jaxdejl# Dlmdjl jlm encnxom, ]bdu ol}jdcom j ec}xjc

xokoe}dnl na xjedjc }oxgu ju j pjt na dgj`dl` vonvcou hjei`xnlmu# vn}ol}djc nx xd`b}u, J} }bo ujgo }dgo# }bo co`jedou na xjeo'hjuom co`ducj}dnl jlm xojcd}dou gojl} }bj}

eox}jdl enlu}d}oledou loomom }n ho }jxò}om anx vjx}decjx moqocnvgol}jc aneu

}bu# }bo `xnp}b na hcjei oenlngde ogvnpoxgol}# }bo orvcded} dlkle}dnlu na

ogvcntgol} ozd}t vxnqdudnlu jxnlm vonvco pbn poxo hcjei# jlm }bo vuxò na j

qdhxjl} jlm mtljgde tn}b ec}xo moovct ol`jòm dl vnu}'dlmovolmoleo hcjeilouu

ju j unxeo na vxdmo jlm dmol}d}t, Dlexojudl`ct# }bdu hcjeilouu orecmom jlt ln}dnl

na xoaoxoleo }n vonvco bdu}nxdejcct "nx u}dcc$ dmol}dadom ju Dlmdjl nx encnxom,

]uucdl` pd}b vnu}'mognexjetu gojldlù anx }bo }oxg Jaxdejl anx vnpox "gojldlùgnxo enl}dlol}jc }bjl lj}dnljc$# hcjei bju engo }n ud`ldat Un}b Jaxdejlu nleo

ej}o`nxduom ju Jaxdejl ht }bo jvjx}bodm u}j}o,

]bo pnxm hcjei ale}dnlu ju jl ocoe}xde jlm engvcor }bxojm pd}bdl }bo olox`dou

na Un}b Jaxdej# jlm pxou}cou pd}b ecjuu# o}blded}t# jvjx}bodm orvoxdoleo# jlm jleou}xt,

@dqol }bdu# hcjei encm moud`lj}o j pdmo jxxjt na enlu}d}oledou; vncd}dedjlu j} }bo

bocg na `nqoxlgol}jc j}bnxd}t9 }bo gjknxd}t na vonvco cdqdl` dl vnqox}t# dl hn}b

xxjc jlm xhjl olqdxnlgol}u9 tnl` hnxl'axoou pd}b gdmmco'ecjuu jeeouu }n

xounxeou h} vnpoxacct jcdolj}om axng pbd}o dmol}d}t9 vonvco u}dcc xnn}om dl }bodmol}d}dou ju vncd}dejc je}dqdu}u }bot exja}om mxdl` }bo :426u9 jlm n}boxu,

]bdu xovnx} movcntu }bo }oxg hcjei dl xoen`ld}dnl na }pn exd}dejc xojcd}dou, ]bo

adxu} du }bj} }bdu du j }oxg na moadld}dnl uom ht gjlt na }bo gnu} dlud`b}ac jlm

je}dqo vonvco pnxidl` j`jdlu} bngnvbnhde qdncoleo dl }nplubdvu# ed}dou# xxjc jxoju

jlm n}box cnej}dnlu dl }bo enl}xt, Pboxo nx`jlduj}dnlu ueb ju }bo AOP jlm }bo

Mxhjl Couhdjl jlm @jt Enggld}t jlm Bojc}b Eol}xo jxo enleoxlom# }bo vonvco

pd}b pbng }bot pnxi pbn bjqo orvoxdoleom mdqoxuo anxgu na qdncj}dnl jxo hcjei,

]bodx hcjeilouu olengvjuuou j pojc}b na duuou; cjl`jò# omej}dnljc orvoxdoleou#}bo u}nxdou na }bodx ajgdcdou lmox jvjx}bodm# }bodx ecjuu# }bodx jleou}xdou jlm

enlloe}dnl pd}b o}blded}dou xnn}om dl Un}b Jaxdejl cjlm cnl` hoanxo encnldjcdug,

]boxo jxo gjlt mdqoxud}dou boxo# h} ju j enccoe}dqo mouvd}o }bo aje} }bj} jqolou

}npjxmu gdmmco'ecjuu cnej}dnl bjqo gjx`dljcct dgvxnqom udleo :44= hcjei vonvco

dlbjhd} }bo coju} pocc'xounxeom lod`bhnxbnnmu# pdocm }bo coju} vncd}dejc vnpox ju

dlmdqdmjcu nx ajgdcdou# jlm jxo qcloxjhco }n }bo gnu} dl}oludqo coqocu na unedjc

juujc} "`jl` pjxajxo# u}xoo} qdncoleo# hx`cjxt# mngou}de dluoexd}t$,


28/82


:?

Uoenlmct# hcjei du j uoac }oxg dl mouexdhdl` }bo xojcd}dou na couhdjl cdqou dl

Un}b Jaxdej, ]bo }oxg u`òu}u }bj} xjeo "jlm# ht or}oludnl# ecjuu$ vcjtu j exd}dejc

xnco dl }bo orvoxdoleou na couhdjlu, Pbdco d} pncm ho hn}b jhuxm jlm enl}oxaje}jc

}n u`òu} }bj} couhdjlu xjedjcduom ju pbd}o# anx orjgvco# mn ln} orvoxdoleobngnvbnhdj# òlmox'hjuom qdncoleo nx bj}o uvooeb# d} du udgc}jlonuct }xo }bj}

mngdljl} ec}xou na ujao uvjeo anx couhdjl pngol }olm }n orecmo jcc h} pocc'

xounxeom pngol# }bo gjknxd}t na pbng jxo pbd}o, ]bu# echu jlm hjxu dl }bo Vdli

Mdu}xde} na Ejvo ]npl jxo axozol}om gnu}ct ht pbd}o vonvco9 jejmogde enlaoxoleou

dl pbdeb couhdjl dgj`dlj}dnlu# vncd}deu jlm dmoju jxo orvcnxom jxo j}}olmom ht gjlt

gnxo pbd}o vonvco }bjl ht }bnuo xjedjcduom dl n}box pjtu, Pbd}o couhdjlu ju j

`xnv "ln} ju dlmdqdmjcu$ }olm }n aooc ujaox dl }bodx uorjc nxdol}j}dnl }bjl

couhdjlu na jlt n}box xjedjc ej}o`nxduj}dnl dl Un}b Jaxdej, Hcjei ju j }oxg duj}}lom }n }bdu òloxjcduj}dnl jlm# pbdco ln} hcdlm }n }bo nqoxjxebdl` enluozoleou

na bngnvbnhdj jlm òlmox'hjuom qdncoleo anx jcc Un}b Jaxdejl couhdjlu# ejl ho qoxt

vnpoxac dl ogvbjududl` }bo nl`ndl` cdao na jvjx}bodm ec}xou# mouvd}o }bo anxgjc

mdugjl}cdl` na jvjx}bodm co`ducj}dnl,

J uoxdnu ebjccolò jxduou# bnpoqox# dl }bo dgvoxj}dqo }n }jio hcjei couhdjlu

orvoxdoleou na qdncj}dnl }n }bo bojx} na zou}dnlu jhn} ed}d{olubdv jlm xd`b}u, @dqol

}bj} hcjei vonvco# pngol jlm couhdjlu xogjdl uoenlm'ecjuu ed}d{olu dl }oxgu na

je}jc jeeouu }n xounxeou# uoexd}t jlm u}j}u# exoj}dl` ilnpcomò jhn} hcjeicouhdjlu orvoxdoleou jlm }bonxduj}dnlu na qdncoleo j`jdlu} }bog xduiu gnqdl` hcjei

couhdjlu axng j mduexudqo }oxxjdl na dlqdudhdcd}t jlm gjx`dljcduj}dnl }n nlo dl pbdeb

}bot jxo xoen`lduom nlct ju uvoedjc qde}dgu, Dl orje}ct }bo ujgo pjt }bj} hcjei

Un}b Jaxdejlu hoejgo `cnhjcct dmol}dadom dl }bo dl}oxlj}dnljc vxouu na }bo :406u ju

}bo jxeb'qde}dgu na jvjx}bodm# bocvcouu jlm u}x``cdl` dl }bo ajeo na }bo xjedu}

gjebdlo# jlm# ju j xouc}# mjgj`dl` ln}dnlu na hcjei Un}b Jaxdejlu ju vncd}dejcct

ju}}o jlm ejvjhco# ju vbdcnunvboxu# vno}u# u}xj}o`du}u# jx}du}u# mxojgoxu# dl}occoe}jcu

jlm "oqol$ nxmdljxt vonvco# un anxo`xnlmdl` }bo qdncj}dnlu j`jdlu} hcjei couhdjluju uoxdnu dlaxje}dnlu j`jdlu} }bodx bgjl xd`b}u ju Un}b Jaxdejl ed}d{olu encm

dgvoxdc ilnpcomò na }bodx qoxuj}dcd}dou# mdqoxud}dou# exoj}dqd}dou jlm ldzo dmol}d}dou

ju dlmdqdmjcu, ]bdu du jl duuo }bj} loomu }n ho iov} lmox je}dqdu} uxqodccjleo,

Pbdco hcjei couhdjlu mn dlmoom ajeo qoxt vjx}decjx ecdgj}ou na bnu}dcd}t jlm

qdncoleo# }bdu ecdgj}o ejlln} ho uool }n moadlo }bodx dmol}d}dou nx }n vxomde} }bodx

orvoxdoleou na cdao jlm cdqdl`,


29/82


:1

]bo }oxg bj}o vooeb# òlmox'hjom qdncoleo jlm bngnvbnhdj

@dqol }bo xjlò na qdncoleou nl }bo }jhco anx }bo uogdljxu mohj}ou# d} pju dgvnx}jl}

}n ljgo mdaaoxol} anxgu na jhuo dl nxmox }n moqocnv je}dqdu} u}xj}o`dou jlm }n ol`jò

ojudct pd}b bgjl xd`b}u aneuom dld}dj}dqou jcxojmt lmox pjt dl }bo enl}xt, Dl }bo

enxuo na j udl`co j}}jei# j couhdjl uxqdqnx gjt pocc ajeo udgc}jlonuct qoxhjc jhuo

jhn} idccdl` box# xjvo# jlm nqox} uvniol ku}dadej}dnl anx j}}jeidl` box hoejuo na

box uorjc dmol}d}t "Gbncd 866=j$, Ecojxct# jcc }bxoo anxgu na qdncoleo ejl# jlm mn#

enordu} dl gngol}u na juujc}# jlm }bodx egcj}dqo oaaoe} du }xjgj# dlkxt# }oxxnx

jlm vjdl, D} du# bnpoqox# uoac }n ho ecojx jhn} pbj} ojeb }oxg moln}ou un }bj} }bo

enl}nxu jlm bdu}nxdou na ojeb qdncoleo ejl ho }xjeom,

Bj}o uvooeb

Bj}o uvooeb du voxbjvu }bo coju} ajgdcdjx }oxg dl }bo }xdjl`co na qdncoleou "`dqol

Un}b Jaxdeju bdu}nxt# }bdu du nmm$, Jc}bn`b mohj}ou nl pbj} enlu}d}}ou bj}o

uvooeb xjò dl }bo _ld}om U}j}ou na Jgoxdej# pboxo }bo xd`b} }n axoo uvooeb du

kr}jvnuom j`jdlu} }bo bnvo na ex}jdcdl` dled}ogol} }n jhuo na enlu}d}oledou

n}boxom ht vncd}dejc }oludnl "ueb ju couhdjlu jlm `jtu# Gucdgu# }bnuo na Jxjh

moueol}# dggd`xjl}u# jlm un nl$# d} pju nlct dl 866= }bj} Un}b Jaxdej mxja}om }bo

Vxnbdhd}dnl na Bj}o Uvooeb Hdcc, ]bo Jm Bne Kndl} Enggd}}oo nl Vxngn}dnl naOzjcd}t jlm Vxoqol}dnl na _lajdx Mduexdgdlj}dnl Hdcc# dl d}u xovnx} }n Vjxcdjgol}

nl 8: Kjljxt 8666# jmnv}om j xounc}dnl dl pbdeb }bo Gdldu}ox anx Ku}deo jlm

Enlu}d}}dnljc Moqocnvgol} pju xozou}om }n `dqo enludmoxj}dnl }n }bo anccnpdl`;

}jhcdl` co`ducj}dnl dl Vjxcdjgol} }bj} mojcu pd}b }bo exdgdljcduj}dnl na bj}o

uvooeb9 ueb gojuxou gu} ho enludu}ol} pd}b uoe}dnl :1 na }bo Enlu}d}}dnl

jlm }bo Enlqol}dnl nl }bo Ocdgdlj}dnl na Jcc Anxgu na Xjedjc Mduexdgdlj}dnl,

Dl jmmd}dnl# ueb co`ducj}dnl# loomcouu }n ujt# pdcc jcun ho xozdxom }n exoj}o

naaoleou xocj}dl` }n bj}o uvooeb9 }jidl` jlt n}box gojuxou }bj} gjt ho loeouujxt }n `dqo oaaoe} }n }bo Enlqol}dnl

nl }bo Ocdgdlj}dnl na Jcc Anxgu na Xjedjc Mduexdgdlj}dnl jlm }bo Enlqol}dnl

nl }bo Ocdgdlj}dnl na Jcc Anxgu na Mduexdgdlj}dnl j`jdlu} Pngol# }n }bo or}ol}

}bj} }bouo bjqo ln} hool mojc} pd}b dl }bdu nx n}box xocoqjl} co`ducj}dnl,

Dl vxouol}dl` }bo Mxja} Hdcc anx mdueuudnl# d} pju ln}om }bj} }bo nhkoe}dqou na }bo

Vxngn}dnl na Ozjcd}t jlm Vxoqol}dnl na _lajdx Mduexdgdlj}dnl Je} "Ln, = na 8666$

jxo# jgnl` n}boxu# }n vxnqdmo anx gojuxou }n ajedcd}j}o }bo oxjmdej}dnl na lajdx

mduexdgdlj}dnl# bj}o uvooeb jlm bjxjuugol}# vjx}decjxct nl }bo `xnlmu na xjeo#


30/82


:0

òlmox jlm mdujhdcd}t, Uoe}dnl :6 na }bo Je} uvoedadejcct vxnbdhd}u bj}o uvooeb, ]bo

Enlqol}dnl nl }bo Ocdgdlj}dnl na Jcc Anxgu na Xjedjc Mduexdgdlj}dnl# }n pbdeb

Un}b Jaxdej du j ud`lj}nxt# xozdxou vjx}dou }n moecjxo }bo mduuogdlj}dnl na dmoju

hjuom nl xjedjc uvoxdnxd}t nx bj}xom j vldubjhco naaoleo, Bj}o uvooeb pju moadlomju vhcde jmqnejet na bj}xom }bj} du hjuom nl xjeo# o}blded}t# òlmox nx xocd`dnl

j`jdlu} jlt n}box voxunl nx `xnv na voxunlu }bj} encm# dl }bo edxegu}jleou#

xojunljhct ho enlu}xom }n mognlu}xj}o jl dl}ol}dnl }n;

"j$ ho bx}ac9 "h$ ho bjxgac nx }n dled}o bjxg9 "e$ dl}dgdmj}o nx }bxoj}ol9

"m$ vxngn}o nx vxnvj`j}o xjedjc# o}blde# òlmox nx xocd`dnu uvoxdnxd}t9

"o$ dled}o dggdlol} qdncoleo9 "a$ ejuo nx voxvo}j}o utu}ogde mdujmqjl}jò9

"`$ lmoxgdlo bgjl md`ld}t9 nx "b$ jmqoxuoct jaaoe} }bo ozjc olkntgol} na

jlt voxunlu nx `xnv na voxunlu xd`b}u jlm axoomngu dl j uoxdnu gjllox,

Jc}bn`b }boxo pju ungo mdueuudnl jhn} }bdu Hdcc dl 866=# d} bju loqox hool

moqocnvom }npjxmu xj}dadej}dnl, ]bo enlloe}dnl ho}pool bj}o uvooeb jlm bj}oexdgodu engvcor, Pbdco dl vnvcjx qnejhcjxt }bo dmoj na j bj}o exdgo du j}}jebom}n }bo ln}dnl na exdgdljcd}t gn}dqj}om ht hdju# pboxo }bo }jxò} du uool }n ho j

goghox na j vjx}decjx unedjc `xnv j`jdlu} pbng }bo exdgdljc du qdncol}ct hdjuom#

}bo zou}dnl na pbdeb hdjuou gjt anxg }bo hjudu na bj}o exdgo xogjdlu lmox

mdueuudnl pnxcmpdmo "uoo Boxoi ! Hoxxdcc :448$, Dl }bo _ld}om U}j}ou# }bo :444

Lj}dnljc Exdgo Qde}dg Uxqot u}j}ou; J bj}o exdgo du j exdgdljc naaoleo, Dl }bo _ld}om U}j}ou aomoxjc vxnuoe}dnl

du vnuudhco anx bj}o exdgou enggd}}om nl }bo hjudu na j voxunlu xjeo# encnx#

xocd`dnl# nx lj}dnl nxd`dl pbol ol`j`dl` dl j aomoxjcct vxn}oe}om je}dqd}t,

"_ld}om U}j}ou Movjx}gol} na Ku}deo :444$

Gojuxou }n jmm voxeodqom òlmox# òlmox dmol}d}t# uorjc nxdol}j}dnl jlm mdujhdcd}t

}n }bo cdu} bjqo hool vxnvnuom# h} ajdcom, Dl Un}b Jaxdej# ouvoedjcct anccnpdl`

}bo pjqou na qdncol} rolnvbnhdj dl }bo enl}xt mxdl` }bo adxu} bjca na 8662# }boxobjqo hool ejccu anx exdgdljcdudl` juujc}u nl anxod`loxu ju bj}o exdgou, Jlm }bo

}oxgdlncn`t na bj}o exdgo du xo`cjxct uom dl C@H]D xovnx}jò na }jxò}om juujc}u#

xjvou jlm gxmoxu na couhdjl# }xjluòlmoxom jlm `jt vonvco "uoo Couhdjl jlm @jt

Ozjcd}t Vxnkoe} 8664$,

@olmox'hjuom qdncoleo

]bo }oxg òlmox'hjuom qdncoleo bju hool dl xo`cjx edxecj}dnl udleo }bo gdm'

:446u# pbol d} xovcjeom }bo vbxjuo qdncoleo j`jdlu} pngol ju }bo vxoaoxxom}oxg anx }bo idlmu na qdncoleo uaaoxom ht pngol# d} pju }bonxduom# nl jeenl} na


31/82


:2

}bodx òlmoxom u}j}u pd}bdl mdaaoxol} enl}or}u, @olmox# ju j vncd}dejc mtljgde#

}bu hoejgo anxo`xnlmom ju j anxeo }bj} nx`jlduom pngol dl}n vnud}dnlu na

qcloxjhdcd}t "}bxn`b gjxxdjò# dmoncn`dejc ln}dnlu na hocnl`dl` }n gol dl }oxgu

na eu}ngjxt lnxgu# jlm.nx }bxn`b nv}dnlu anx jeeouu }n cjhnx jlm xounxeou$,]bo enl}xnc na uorjcd}t pju lmoxu}nnm }n ho vjx} jlm vjxeoc na }bo movcntgol}

na òlmox j`jdlu} pngol# jlm }bu j }oxg cdio òlmox'hjuom qdncoleo ejgo }n

olengvjuu j qju} xjlò na vn}ol}djc qdncj}dnlu; xjvo# mngou}de juujc}# jhme}dnl#

}xjaadeidl`# anxeom vxnu}d}}dnl# dleou}# uorjc bjxjuugol}# hoj}dl`# gxmox na pdqou

jlm uorjc vjx}loxu# jlm un nl,

Ju ]dlj Udmoxdu "8666$ jlm n}boxu "o,`, G}bdol 8666$ bjqo vndl}om n}# }bo }oxg

òlmox'hjuom qdncoleo encm ho or}olmom hotnlm }bo vxqdop na juujc}u }tvdejcct

hnxlo ht pngol jlm `dxcu, Dl ecdgj}ou na gdcd}jxdug pboxo gol jxo òlmoxom }nolenxjò }boguocqou jlm nlo jln}box }n ad`b} jlm idcc pd}b xocj}dqo dgvld}t

"lmox }bo hjllox na co`d}dgj}dl` jxgdou$# d} pncm ho vnuudhco }n dgj`dlo }bodx

vbtudejc jlm vutebncn`dejc g}dcj}dnlu ju j anxg na òlmox'hjuom qdncoleo, Ujubj

@ojx "8664$# dl u}mdou na ejxeoxjc xjvo dl Un}b Jaxdej# jcun ln}ou }bj} }bo }oxg

òlmox'hjuom qdncoleo mouexdhou }bo aogdlduj}dnl na ungo vxdunloxu }bxn`b xjvo,

D} du mohj}o nl }bo gojldl` na òlmox d}uoca pbdeb cojmu }n ueb mdueuudnlu nl }bo

xjlò na qdncoleou }bj} ejl ho juexdhom }n }bo vnpox na olmox ju j vncd}dejc mtljgde,

Anx }bo vxvnuo na }bdu xovnx}# òlmox'hjuom qdncoleo bju hool enlu}xom ajdxctljxxnpct }n xoaox }n }bo xjlò na jhuou gnxo enlqol}dnljcct mouexdhom ju qdncoleo

j`jdlu} pngol# jhuou pbdeb uooi }n bgdcdj}o# dlkxo jlm enl}xnc }bxn`b }bo

mdxoe} jlm qdncol} uo na vbtudejcduom gjuecdld}t,

Bngnvbnhdj

]bo }oxg bngnvbnhdj du cjxòct j}}xdh}om }n }bo cj}o :416u pnxi na @onxò

Podlhox` ":408$ }n mouexdho bo}oxnuorjcu aojx na hodl` dl ecnuo zjx}oxu pd}b

bngnuorjcu# ju pocc ju bngnuorjcu npl uoca'cnj}bdl`, Udleo }bol }bo uo na}bo }oxg bju ubda}om jlm oqncqom# u`òu}dl` }bj} }bo vxnhcog na bngnvbnhdj du

ln} }n ho anlm dl bngnuorjcu }boguocqou# h} du xj}box cnej}om dl unedo}tu jlm

dlmdqdmjcu lo`j}dqo xoje}dnlu }n bngnuorjcd}t, Dl n}box pnxmu# bngnvbnhdj mdaaoxu

axng enggnlct bocm gojldlù na vbnhdj# pboxo aojxu jxo xnn}om dl dlmdqdmjc

orvoxdoleo# dl }bj} d} du xnn}om dl unedjcct jlm ec}xjcct cojxlom vxokmdeou, Dl d}u

exxol} ujò# }bo }oxg du jcun cdliom }n or}xogo anxgu na qdncoleo "uoo Anlo 8666$

}bj} ejl gjldaou} dl pbj} pju ojxcdox }oxgom j bj}o exdgo "u}oggdl` axng jl

naaolmoxu mduexdgdlj}nxt uo na qdncoleo }n olanxeo j bdoxjxebt# nx ju }bo xouc} nabj}xom jxdudl` axng u}oxon}tvdejc qdopu na }bodx qde}dg$, H} eol}xjc }n bngnvbnhdj#


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:4

d} uoogu# du d}u lmoxctdl` gojldl` na jl}d'bngnuorjcd}t# u`òu}dl` }bj} d} duubjvom ht hxnjm unedjc jlm dlu}d}}dnljc anxeou dlu}ojm na udgvct hodl` j zou}dnl na

dlmdqdmjc j}}d}mou jlm vxokmdeo,

@coll mo Upjxm}# pbn pju j gjljòx j} }bo ]xdjl`co Vxnkoe} "C@H] nx`jlduj}dnl$dl Ejvo ]npl anx gjlt tojxu# hocdoqou }bj} }bo uo na }bo }oxg bngnvbnhdj anx }bo

mouexdv}dnl na bj}xom mdxoe}om uvoedadejcct j} vonvco dmol}datdl` }boguocqou ju `jt nx

couhdjl du dljeexj}o, Bo vxoaoxu }bo }oxg bngn'vxokmdeo# pbdeb jccdou d}uoca pd}b jl

dmoj na hdju jlm mduexdgdlj}dnl# xj}box }bjl nlo pbdeb# cdio jxjeblnvbnhdj# juunedj}ou

d}uoca pd}b xjmdejc jlm dxxj}dnljc aojx, ]boxo jxo mohj}ou }n ho bjm boxo# h} }bdu xovnx}

uou bngnvbnhdj }n mouexdho jl jvvxnjeb }n couhdjl jlm `jt vonvco }bj} du vxomdej}om

vnl j bo}oxnlnxgj}dqo ovdu}ogncn`t# j pjt na lmoxu}jlmdl` }bo pnxcm }bj} juugou

}bj} bo}oxnuorjcd}t du lj}xjc# lnxgjc jlm }bo nlct `dqol anxg na uorjcd}t pd}bdlunedjc nx`jlduj}dnl, Ueb jl ovdu}ogncn`t anxo`xnlmu }bo lj}xjc uorjc jlm

ec}xjc cdjdunl ho}pool gol jlm pngol# jlm dmol}dadou jlt ubda} jpjt axng }bdu ju

moqdjl}# llj}xjc jlm voxqoxuo, Bo}oxnlnxgj}dqd}t du voxqjudqo dl Un}b Jaxdej# jlm

bngnvbnhdj ejl ho uool ju }bo xjlò na j}}d}mou jlm hocdoau }bj} jxo vxngc`j}om# dl

gjlt mdaaoxol} ubjvou# pboxo bo}oxnlnxgj}dqd}t du ebjccolòm,

Bngnvbnhdj du lmoxu}nnm boxo ju jl dl}xdludejcct qdncol} gdlmuo} dl d}uoca# h}

d} gjt ln} cojm }n mdxoe} je}dnl j`jdlu} vonvco pbn jxo couhdjl jlm `jt9 bngnvbnhde

je}dqd}t ejl adlm orvxouudnl }bxn`b j qju} jxxjt na hold`l jx}decj}dnlu; kniou#ejxdej}xou "}bdli na Hjudc nl }bo xo`cjx Ejvo ]jci gnxldl` ubnp j} 4?,= IAG$#

juugv}dnlu jhn} couhdjlu nx `jt golu mxouu nx hobjqdnxu# orecudnlu# }ojudl`#

uoluj}dnljcduj}dnlu na uorjc je}dqd}t "ouvoedjcct couhdjl je}dqd}t$# }bo enlacj}dnl na

couhdjl jlm `jt dmol}d}t pd}b dmoju jhn} }bodx uorjc moudxo# jlm un nl, Dl }bdu

xovnx}# bngnvbnhdj moln}ou nqox} mognlduj}dnl na couhdjl jlm `jt vonvco#

nx`jlduj}dnlu jlm uvjeou# h} d} ubncm ho lmoxu}nnm }bj} hold`l bngnvbnhdj

pbdeb mnou ln} cojm }n mdxoe} juujc} lnlo}bocouu enl}xdh}ou }n }bo ecdgj}o na

mduù} u}xjl`cdl` couhdjl jlm `jt vonvcou hxoj}b,

]xdjlùcj}dl` jjuc}; Bj}o vooeb# òlmox'hjom qdncoleo jlm bngnvbnhdj

D} du dgvnx}jl} }n ln}o }bj} }bdu xovnx} mnou ln} enlu}d}}o jl j}}ogv} }n zjl}dat

}bo orvoxdoleou na hcjei couhdjlu }bxn`b mdaaoxol} anxgu na qdncoleo# dmol}dadom

uovjxj}oct ju bj}o uvooeb# òlmox'hjuom qdncoleo jlm bngnvbnhdj, ]n exoj}o ueb

j xovnx} pncm ol}jdc unvbdu}dej}om xouojxeb go}bnmncn`dou# jlm j qoxt uncdm `xjuv

na }bo xojcd}dou na gjlt hcjei couhdjlu cdqou# dl pbdeb hjxoct j mjt vjuuou pd}bn}

jl olenl}ox pd}b }bo aojx na òlmox'hjuom qdncoleo jlm pd}bn} }bo vnuudhdcd}t na


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ol`j`dl` pd}b bngnvbnhdj, Bngnvbnhdj du hdzd}nu pd}bdl }bo Un}b Jaxdejl

olqdxnlgol}# jlm pbdco pd}bdl j 8='bnx eteco d} gjt ho vnuudhco }n zjl}dat j

couhdjlu olenl}ox pd}b eox}jdl anxgu na bngnvbnhdj "bj}o uvooeb gd`b} ho nlo na

}bouo$# d} du dgvnuudhco }n zjl}dat }bo ec}xo na bo}oxnlnxgj}dqd}dou }bxn`b pbdebubo exoj}ou box npl xn}o }n dlmovolmol} uxqdqjc,

D} du vnuudhco "ju pdcc ho dlecmom dl }bdu xovnx}$ }n enggol} nl xovnx}om gxmoxu

na hcjei couhdjlu# h} d} du ht ln gojlu eox}jdl }bj} gxmoxu jlm juujc}u }bj}

hoengo vjx} na }bo vhcde xoenxm jxo }bo nlct nlou }bj} neex, ]bdu du oqol }xox na

uorjc juujc}# na bngnvbnhde juujc}u pd}b ildqou# u}nlou nx `lu# jlm na dlu}jleou

na bj}o uvooeb, Anx oqoxt uebnnc ebdcm j}}jeiom ju jl dd}jhjlo pbn engvcjdlu# d} duvnuudhco "`dqol N_] C@H] Pocc'hodlù xouojxeb$ }n dgj`dlo }bnujlmu na n}boxu,

Zjl}dadej}dnl na }bo qdncoleo orvoxdoleom ht hcjei couhdjlu du dgvnx}jl} dl nxmox}n gn}dqj}o anx vncdet ebjlòu "ueb ju }bo vjuujò na bj}o uvooeb nx bj}o exdgou

co`ducj}dnl$# }n dl}o`xj}o }bo xounxeo loomu na uxqdqnxu dl}n hmò}u# jlm }n

ebjccolò enlqol}dnljc ln}dnlu jhn} pbn ò}u j}}jeiom# pboxo jlm pbt,

Zjl}dadej}dnl# bnpoqox# nqoxcnniu }bo gc}dcjtoxom oaaoe}u na engvcor ecdgj}ou na

qdncoleo# ouvoedjcct pboxo orvoxdoleo na gjlt mdaaoxol} anxgu na juujc} jgnl}u }n

egcj}dqo }xjgj# jlm pboxo dmol}dadej}dnl ju j goghox na j u}d`gj}duom `xnv

xolmoxu hn}b nlouoca jlm nlou ecnuou} axdolmu# cnqoxu# vncd}dejc jccdou jlm unedjc

jezjdl}jleou voxgjlol}ct qcloxjhco }n qdncoleo, ]bdu du gnxo jidl }n cdao pd}bdlj pjx {nlo }bjl }n cdqdl` pd}bdl jl olqdxnlgol} dl pbdeb mdaaoxol} anxgu na juujc}

ejl ho ojudct uovjxj}om axng nlo jln}box# jlm neex dlaxozol}ct# j} }bo bjlmu na

ungopbj} vxomde}jhco juujdcjl}u, Jc}bn`b }bdu xovnx} mnou dlecmo gj}oxdjc }bj}

dmol}dadou uvoedade dlu}jleou na bj}o uvooeb# nx na exj}dqo xjvo hoejuo na uorjc

dmol}d}t# }bo `njc du }n lvjei }bo cjl`jò jlm u}xj}o`de dgvcdej}dnlu na ol`jògol}

pd}b ueb qdncoleo xj}box }bjl }n mouexdho j}}jeiu dlu}jleo ht dlu}jleo,

]bo mocdgd}j}dnlu na }bdu xovnx}

]bo xovnx} du moud`lom }n hxdl` }bo mohj}ou na }bo Xnlm}jhco }n j pdmox jmdoleo,

]bu# }bo bojx} na }bo mnegol} pdcc aneu nl }bo Xnlm}jhco d}uoca# vxouol}dl` pd}b

ju geb jeexjet ju vnuudhco }bo }olnx na }bo mdueuudnlu jlm mohj}ou, Jc}bn`b }bo

xovnx} enqoxu eox}jdl uoe}dnlu na }bo Xnlm}jhco# ueb ju }bo nvoldl` gngol}u# dl

}bo anxg na uggjxdudl` j uvojioxu dlv}# gnu} na }bo Xnlm}jhco mdueuudnlu jxo

}bogj}duom "xj}box }bjl uggjxduom uouudnl ht uouudnl$ hoejuo iot }bogou xoexxom

}bxn`bn} }bo mjt# hdcmdl` dl engvcord}t ju }bo mdueuudnl vxn`xouuom, ]bo xovnx}


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8:8:

mnou ln}# }boxoanxo# uooi }n xovnx} nl pbn ujdm pbj} qoxhj}dg# h} }n xouvoe} }bj} }bo

Xnlm}jhco mjt enlu}d}}om j enccoe}dqo exd}dejc orvoxdoleo }bj} mouoxqou utl}boudu ju

j vnpoxac uo} na dmoju jlm dlud`b}u xj}box }bjl ju j }xjluexdv},

J} }bo ujgo }dgo# ju ln}om# }bo uogdljx }nni vcjeo pd}bdl j enl}or}# jlm }boxovnx} pdcc enqox eox}jdl juvoe}u na }bdu enl}or} dl `xoj}ox mo}jdc ja}ox vxouol}dl` }bo

pnxi na }bo uogdljx mjt d}uoca, ]bo xovnx} enlecmou pd}b ungo na }bo xoenggolmj}dnlu

gjmo ht }bnuo pd}bdl }bo Xnlm}jhco mdueuudnlu ju pocc ju }bnuo ogox`dl` axng

xouojxeb jlm je}dqdu} pnxi xocoqjl} }n }bnuo mdueuudnlu,

J pdmo xjl`o na mnegol}u bju hool enluc}om dl }bo enccj}dnl na }bo xovnx}#

dlecmdl` }bo acc'col`}b }xjluexdv} na }bo uogdljx vxneoomdl`u jlm }bo vxouol}j}dnlu

na ungo na }bnuo pbn `jqo dlv} mxdl` }bo mjt, ]bo xoaoxoleo cdu} vxouol}u gj}oxdjc

enluc}om anx }bo xovnx} jlm }bo jmmd}dnljc xounxeou vxnqdmo jmmd}dnljc dlanxgj}dnl}bj} xoaox }n duuou enqoxom dl }bdu xovnx},


35/82


36/82

Vjx} DD

Voxvoe}dqo jlm Vxnadco

Pbj} da u}xoo}u poxo ljgom ja}ox }bnuo }bj} cdqom }bodx cdqou }n d}u accou}

Pbj} da }bodx ljgou poxo vxdl}om nl }bo adlou} tjeb}

Jlm cd} v hxd`b} ju oqoxtnlo pj}ebom"]xdjl`co Vxnkoe} 8661; ??$


37/82


38/82


8?

Xnlm}jhco uogdljx

]bo Xnlm}jhco dl Moeoghox 8661 @olmox'hjuom Qdncoleo# Hcjei Couhdjlu# Bj}o

Uvooeb jlm Bngnvbnhdj pju gn}dqj}om ht }bo loom }n nvol v }bo :1 Mjtu naJe}dqdug anx ln Qdncoleo j`jdlu} Pngol jlm Ebdcmxol ejgvjd`l }n }bo xoen`ld}dnl

}bj} hcjei couhdjlu# ouvoedjcct }bnuo cdqdl` dl vnnx lod`bhnxbnnmu# jxo qcloxjhco }n

gc}dvco anxgu na ueb qdncoleo "h} jxo xjxoct anxo`xnlmom ju j enlu}d}olet dl }bo

ejgvjd`lu je}dqdug$, Pbdco }boxo jxo jcpjtu xduiu dl udl`cdl` n} j vjx}decjx `xnv na

vonvco ju }jxò}u na olmox'hjuom qdncoleo "ueb ju aoomdl` dl}n u}oxon}tvou na }bj} xnv

nx mdc}dl` }bo dgvnx}jleo na j bncdu}de vncd}dejc u}xj}o`t j`jdlu} }bo qdncoleo$# }bo vju}

moejmo bju uool j vnpoxac vuxò na hcjei couhdjl vncd}dejc je}dqdug# pbnuo xouojxeb

jlm jmqnejet pnxi bju v} }bo mdqoxuo orvoxdoleou na hcjei couhdjlu j} }bo anxoaxnl} na

pbj} d} gojlu }n dgj`dlo }bo je}jcduj}dnl na xd`b}u jlm ozjcd}t pd}bdl Un}b Jaxdej,

]bo uejco na òlmox'hjuom qdncoleo dl Un}b Jaxdej jaaoe}u }bo mjdct cdqou na hcjei

couhdjlu dl qoxt geb }bo ujgo pjt ju d} jaaoe}u }bo cdqou na jcc Un}b Jaxdejl

pngol, V} hcl}ct# hn}b }bo je}jc vxoqjcoleo na mngou}de qdncoleo# xjvo# uorjc

juujc}# uorjc bjxjuugol}# dl}dgj}o aogdedmo# dleou} jlm ebdcm uorjc jhuo "jcc

enggnl anxgu na òlmox'hjuom qdncoleo dl Un}b Jaxdej$# jlm }bo mduexudqo vnpox

na jl olqdxnlgol} dl pbdeb ueb qdncj}dnl du axozol}# enl}xdh}o }n j ecdgj}o na aojx

jlm }n }bo aje} }bj} gjlt Un}b Jaxdejl pngol bjqo hn}b mdxoe} jlm dlmdxoe}

orvoxdoleo na ungo anxg na òlmox'hjuom qdncoleo "uoo jcun Hollo}} 866?$, Ju

mdueuuom# xouojxeb bju ubnpl }bj} pngol cdqdl` dl vnnxox lod`bhnxbnnmu# pd}b

couu jeeouu }n bngo uoexd}t# vhcde ujao}t jlm aopox adljledjc nv}dnlu anx gnqdl`

jpjt axng jhudqo ajgdct goghoxu nx vjx}loxu# jxo gnxo qcloxjhco }n òlmox'hjuom

qdncoleo }bjl }bnuo pd}b u}xnlòx jeeouu }n xounxeou# gnhdcd}t jlm uoexd}t, Pbdco

}bdu dl ln pjt u`òu}u }bj} juujc} j`jdlu} j pocc'xounxeom pngjl du dl jlt pjt couu

}xjgj}de jlm qdncol} }bjl j`jdlu} j vnnxox pngjl# d} mnou gojl }bjl enccoe}dqoct

vnnxox pngol ajeo gnxo òlmox'hjuom qdncoleo dl }bodx bngou# u}xoo}u jlm

pnxivcjeou, Dl Un}b Jaxdej# ueb ecjuu mdaaoxoleou u}dcc na}ol }xjlucj}o dl}n

orvoxdoleou u}xe}xom }bxn`b xjeo, Ju Gnaao}} "8660$ vndl}u n}# xjvo jlm uorjc

juujc} jxo gnu} axozol} pboxo olqdxnlgol}jc dlaxju}xe}xou "ueb ju uoexo

u}xoo}u# jmozj}o ocoe}xded}t# u}xnl` vncdedl` uoxqdeou jlm ujao bnudl`$ jxo dljmozj}o

nx cjeidl`# jlm }bdu j}ngj}dejcct vcjeou vnnx hcjei pngol j} }bo anxoaxnl} na }bo

mjlòx na uorjc j}}jei, Hcjei couhdjl pngol# ouvoedjcct }bnuo cdqdl` dl vnnx

lod`bhnxbnnmu# jxo ju qcloxjhco }n uorjc juujc}# dl}oxvoccj}dnl dl}n `jl` pjxajxo

ju xjvo qde}dgu# uorjc bjxjuugol}# ebdcmbnnm uorjc jhuo# jlm pd}ebexja}

jeeuj}dnlu ju }bo bo}oxnuorjc pngol cdqdl` jxnlm }bog,


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81

J} }bo ujgo }dgo# ju pdcc ho mdueuuom# ht Moeoghox 8661# pnxi mnlo ht xjmdejc

aogdldu} jlm hcjei couhdjl'com nx`jlduj}dnlu j}}ou}om }n j qoxt uvoedade anxg na uorjc

j}}jei# exj}dqo xjvo, ]bdu anxg na qdncj}dnl du voxvo}xj}om pd}b }bo orvcded}

dl}ol}dnl na exdl` }bo couhdjl na box cnqo anx n}box pngol "Gbncd 866=j$,Jc}bn`b gjlt bo}oxnuorjc uxqdqnxu na xjvo j}}ou} }n }bo u}j}om dl}ol}dnlu na }bodx

juujdcjl}u ju vld}dqo "}bot bjqo mnlo ungo}bdl` pxnl`# jlm }bu mouoxqo xjvo$

"Gnaao}} 8660$# uxqdqnxu na exj}dqo xjvo gjio d} ecojx }bj} }bodx j}}jeioxu poxo

dl}oxou}om hn}b dl bgdcdj}dl` jlm vldubdl` }bog anx }bodx ebndeo na uorjc

dmol}d}t jlm cdaou}tco jlm dl }xjluanxgdl` }bog ht enoxednl dl}n bo}oxnuorjc

pngol "uoo jcun Xommt o} jc, 8660$,

Hcjei couhdjlu jxo }bu vnud}dnlom ju mnhct qcloxjhco }n òlmox'hjuom qdncoleo,

Ju pngol# }bot dlbjhd} j Un}b Jaxdejl xojcd}t dl pbdeb jcc pngol jxo qcloxjhco}n mdqoxuo anxgu na uorjc j}}jei# jlm hcjei pngol pbn jxo vnnx jxo uxxnlmom ht

gnxo nvvnx}ld}dou anx gol }n j}}jei }bog }bjl pngol pbn jxo ho}}ox xounxeom

"jlm }bu# na}ol# pbd}o$, Ju couhdjlu dl bngnvbnhde enl}or}u jlm ec}xou dl pbdeb

uorjc qdncoleo du j vnvcjx pojvnl# }bot jxo j} }bo ildao'omò na enggld}t

xokoe}dnl# jlm qcloxjhco }n cnejc vncdedl` }bxn`b vbtudejc jlm uorjc juujc},

Ju mdueuuom dl Vjx} : na }bdu xovnx}# eol}xjc }n }bo xoen`ld}dnl na }bouo xojcd}dou bju

hool }bo pnxi na }bo AOP# VNPJ# }bo Couhdjl jlm @jt Ozjcd}t Vxnkoe}# jlm N_]

C@H] Pocc'hodl`, ]bo Xnlm}jhco hxn`b} }nò}box }bo qndeou na ungo na }bnuo gnu}je}dqo dl }bo xouojxeb jlm jmqnejet# jlm jcun dlecmom qndeou na }bnuo orvoxdoleom dl j

lghox na xocj}om jxoju jlm axng mdaaoxol} nx`jlduj}dnlu, Jc}bn`b }or}jc xoenxmu na

hcjei couhdjl orvoxdoleou# jlm }bo jljctudu na }bouo orvoxdoleou# jxo exd}dejc }n }bo

nl`ndl` vncd}dejc u}x``co anx xd`b}u jlm ku}deo# d} du udgc}jlonuct }bo gognxt na

qndeou'dl'enlqoxuj}dnl }bj} ejl lmox`dxm u}xnl` u}xj}o`de ebndeou, ]bdu xovnx} }bu

vcjeou }bo Xnlm}jhco mdueuudnlu j} }bo bojx} na nl`ndl` pnxi# jlm }bo lor} uoe}dnlu

vxouol} uggjxdou na }bo enxo duuou xjduom jlm mohj}om dl ojeb uouudnl na }bo mjt,

Nvoldl` }bn`b}u

Bjqdl` ogoxòm axng jl jhunc}o mde}j}nxubdv hjuom nl xjeo jlm mdaaoxoleo# po

jxo cojxldl` }n cdqo pd}b mdaaoxoleo dl }bo mognexj}de vxnkoe}, Ueb mdaaoxoleo#

ho d} jexnuu xjeo# ecjuu# mdqoxud}t# òlmox# uorjc nxdol}j}dnl# du }n ho uool ju j

qjco dl }bo lop mognexj}de nxmox jlm d} du dl}n }bdu uvjeo }bj} po loom }n hxdl`

jcc }bo n}box mdaaoxoleou }bj} poxo uvvxouuom od}box }bxn`b u}oxon}tvou na nx

unedo}dou nx }bo hocdoa utu}ogu na unedo}dou, Acnpdl` axng }bo jhnqo du j `xnpdl`

cdhoxjcduj}dnl na hn}b unedjc jlm co`jc j}}d}mou }npjxmu uor jlm uorjcd}t,


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To} pbdco co`jc dlu}xgol}u uoog }n ho dl vcjeo# po bjqo uool dlexojudl`

ec}xjc hdju }bj} moldou eox}jdl gjx`dljc `xnvdlù# ueb ju bngnuorjcu#

}bodx xd`b} }n ordu}# moqocnv jl dmol}d}t jlm }n vxje}duo }bodx uorjcd}dou, Po

jcun pd}louuom }bo `xnpdl` uoecjxduj}dnl na uor jlm ht }bdu D gojl }bj} nxuorjcd}dou jxo dlexojudl`ct hodl` u}xdvvom na }bo xocd`dnu ud`ldadejleo }bj}

bd`bcd`b}u vxnexoj}dnl }n j xoen`ld}dnl }bj} nx uorjcd}t juud`lu gojldl` dl

xocj}dnl }n nx dlmdqdmjcd}t, "Vxnaouunx Adidco Gj{dhin$

Vxnaouunx Gj{dhin# }bol mov}t qdeo'ebjleoccnx j} }bo _ldqoxud}t na Ipj[c'

Lj}jc "lnp qdeo'ebjleoccnx na }bo _ldqoxud}t na [ccjlm$# jlm Lnlbcjlbcj Gibd{o#

mdxoe}nx na }bo Mxhjl Couhdjl jlm @jt Enggld}t jlm Bojc}b Eol}xo# axjgom

}bo olqdxnlgol} anx }bo Xnlm}jhco mdueuudnl ht ogvbjududl` }bo enl}xjmde}dnlu

na cdqdl` dl enl}ogvnxjxt Un}b Jaxdej, Pbdco vxn`xouudqo co`ducj}dnl# ueb ju }bo

enlu}d}}dnljc vxn}oe}dnlu j`jdlu} mduexdgdlj}dnl# gjt ho dl vcjeo jlm }bo cjl`jò

na xd`b}u vjx} na lop coa} unedjc gnqogol}u "ueb ju }bj} na }bo ]JE$# cdqdl` ju j

hcjei couhdjl gojlu enlaxnl}dl` j ej}ju}xnvbde `jv ho}pool mduexudqo xojcd}dou na

ozjcd}t jlm co`ducj}dqo axoomng jlm mjdct aojx, Dl }bdu xo`jxm# Gibd{o xogjxiom;

D pncm cdio }n# ju j hcjei couhdjl# ho jhco }n ho vxnm dl gt npl }nplubdv, D

gjt ho j bgjl xd`b}u moaolmox# h} D ilnp Dg ln} }bo nlct nlo pbnu qoxt

uejxom }n pjci vxnmct dl gt enggld}t ju pbn D jg jlm pbj} D jg,

Gj{dhin vndl}om n} }bj} pbdco u}xj}o`de mdxoe}dnlu anx enlaxnl}dl` òlmox'hjuom

qdncoleo bjqo hool mohj}om jlm mdueuuom udleo :44=# ueb mdueuudnl bju d`lnxom

}bo }ou}dgnldou na hcjei couhdjlu, Ubo ln}om }bj} mouvd}o axozol} vncd}dejc xbo}nxde

jxnlm u}j}o ejvjed}t }n dgvcogol} ebjlò# ubo boxuoca mdm ln} hocdoqo }bj} ejvjed}t

pju }bo gjdl ebjccolò;

D} mnou ln} bocv }bo moqocnvgol} na j mognexj}de ed}d{olubdv pbol ungo na

nx vhcde cojmoxu jx}decj}o }bodx npl hxjlm na qdncoleo dl }bo anxg na bj}o

uvooeb }n mdu'dmol}dat hcjei bngnuorjcupbol nx Enlu}d}}dnl pju mxjplv po jcc ilop }bj} }bo xd`b}# ozjcd}t# md`ld}t jlm xouvoe} olubxdlom dl nx

Enlu}d}}dnl jcun dlecmom }bo ozjc vxn}oe}dnl na uorjc nxdol}j}dnlu# ln}

ku} bo}oxnuorjcd}t# h} jcun bngnuorjcd}t, Udleo :445 po bjqo pd}louuom

}bo moexdgdljcduj}dnl na unmngt# }bo or}oludnl na hoload} }n ujgo'uor envcou#

}bo xd`b} }n jmnv} jlm gjlt n}box gj}oxdjc hoload}u }bj} jeexom }n jcc

bngnuorjcu }bxn`b }bo }dcduj}dnl na co`jc dlu}xgol}u }bj} xoen`lduom

moqocnvdl` axoomngu anx couhdjlu jlm `jtu, Ueb axoomngu u`òu} }bj} }bo

u}j}o xoen`lduou }bj} bngnuorjcd}t du ln} udgvct j hobjqdnxjc vxje}deo# h} jl

dmol}d}t na j uoe}nx na nx unedo}t, ]bo xoen`ld}dnl na ueb xd`b}u bju go} pd}b


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geb nvvnud}dnl# ln}jhct axng ungo na }bo cojmoxu pd}bdl nx enggld}dou

pbn vxnhjhct dqo }bo dgvxouudnl }bj} }bot pdub }n uo} eox}jdl uoe}nxu na unedo}t

jvjx} axng }bo xou} na }bo lj}dnl,

Axng }bo n}uo} na }bo Xnlm}jhco# }bol# enl}ogvnxjxt qdncoleo j`jdlu} hcjei couhdjlu

pju vnud}dnlom ju voxvo}xj}om hn}b ht vhcde cojmoxu "ungo pd}bdl }bo u}j}o d}uoca$

jlm ht vonvco cdqdl` dggomdj}oct pd}bdl hcjei couhdjlu vxdqj}o jlm enggld}t

olqdxnlgol}u, Ueb j axjgopnxi gjiou d} mxjgj}dejcct ecojx }bj} }bo idlmu na qdncoleo

}n pbdeb hcjei couhdjlu jxo qcloxjhco enlu}d}}o }bo qoxt ajhxde na mjt'}n'mjt cdqdl`#

dlecmdl` u}j}o'hjuom qndeou# pdmouvxojm jlm gomdj'aoccom nvdldnlu# jlm olenl}oxu

pd}b gtxdjm vonvco ju vjx} jlm vjxeoc na nxmdljxt cdao, ]bdu dmoj v}u xounljleo dl}n

}bo enleov} na bgjl xd`b}u# }bdlidl` na qdncj}dnl j`jdlu} hcjei couhdjlu ln} ju j

udl`co }bxojm na co`jc nx xocd`dnu bnu}dcd}t h} ju j xocj}dnl }n }bo bgjl hodl` ju

bncdu}de# ungonlo pbn pnxiu# }xjqocu axng nlo vcjeo }n jln}box# bju j bngo# axdolmu

jlm ajgdct# bju unedjc jlm enggld}t enlloe}dnlu# bju mxojgu# juvdxj}dnlu# u}xol`}bu

jlm dmoju, ]bo vjlocu jlm mdueuudnlu anccnpdl` Gj{dhinu nvoldl` vxouol}j}dnl

hn}b orvjlmom lmoxu}jlmdl` na }bo gjx`dljcduj}dnl ajeom ht couhdjl jlm `jt vonvco

dl Un}b Jaxdej# jlm ho`jl }n n}cdlo exxol} jlm a}xo xouvnluou }n d},

Hojxdl` pd}louu

]bo vjloc dggomdj}oct ja}ox Gj{dhinu dlv} dlecmom Adidco Qdcjij{d axng N_]

C@H] Pocc'hodl` dl Vxo}nxdj "lnp vxoudmol} na }bo Enjcd}dnl na Jaxdejl Couhdjlu$#

Lnlbcjlbcj Gibd{o# jlm ]bcd Gjmd axng Hobdlm }bo Gjui "H]G$ hjuom dl

Knbjllouhx`, Qdcjij{d nvolom pd}b }bdu almjgol}jc ebjccolò;

Un}b Jaxdej ju j unedo}t dl nx qdop du u}dcc j qoxt bngnvbnhde unedo}t, Ujgo

uor jlm òlmox xocj}dnlubdvu jxo u}dcc qdopom ju jhlnxgjc jlm D }bdli }bo

iotln}o bju jx}decj}om }bj} qoxt ecojxct, ]bot Y`jt vonvcoW jxo u}dcc qdopom ju

jl jhngdlj}dnl jlm }bj} du jcc hjuom nl duuou na xocd`dnl# ec}xo jlm }xjmd}dnl,]bj} du u}dcc nx hd`òu} ebjccolò,

@dqol }bdu# jlm }bo aje} }bj} ln}bdl` ejccom j bj}o exdgo anxgu vjx} na jlt naadedjc

u}j}du}deu enccoe}om ht }bo u}j}o# }bo Bgjl Xd`b}u Enggduudnl# nx n}box hnmdou

xouvnludhco anx gnld}nxdl` qdncoleo# d} du mdaadec} }n u}j}o dl zjl}d}j}dqo }oxgu }bo

pjt dl pbdeb Un}b Jaxdejl bngnvbnhdj }xjlucj}ou dl}n je}jc je}u j`jdlu} couhdjl#

`jt jlm }xjluòlmoxom vonvco, ]bdu du ln} }bo nlct mdaadec}t, ]bo duuo na ljgdl`

qdncj}dnl# ju jl ouuol}djc vcj}anxg }n voxunljc ujld}t# vncd}dejc jmqnejet# jlm u}xj}o`de

jccdjleo hdcmdl`# du axj`b} pd}b }bo vn}ol}djc }n xo'qdncj}o,


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Ju Mnllj Ugd}b "na AOP$ jlm n}boxu u}j}om# }bo qdncj}dnl na hcjei couhdjlu bjm

loqox hool j vxdnxd}t pd}bdl je}dqdug j`jdlu} unedjc dlku}deo# olmox'hjuom qdncoleo nx

bngnvbnhdj dl }bo pnxi na }bo qjxdnu L@Nu jlm u}j}o je}nxu pbn bjm enggd}}om

}boguocqou }n gjidl` }bo vxngduou na }bo Enlu}d}}dnl xojcd}dou ja}ox :441, Dl 8668#AOP enggd}}om d}u je}dqdug }n lenqoxdl` jlm jmmxouudl` }bo idlmu na orvoxdoleou

na xjvo# juujc}# }oxxnx jlm bjxjuugol} }bj} vnnxct xounxeom hcjei couhdjlu poxo

olenl}oxdl` dl Jcorjlmxj "jlm ungo n}box cnej}dnlu$, J} }bo }dgo# AOP pju ln} }bo

nlct L@N pd}b j xjmdejc j`olmj jxnlm pbj} d} gd`b} gojl }n }jeico unedjc qdncoleo#

h} d} pju }bo nlct nlo }n dmol}dat hcjei couhdjl pngol ju j enlu}d}olet "mouvd}o d}u

mdqoxud}dou

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