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Being more LGBT friendly actually increases a country's economic growth, a 2011 study shows.A professor from the University of Massachusetts said countries which are more inclusive to the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) community enjoy higher economic growth and human development.Speaking in the forum "The Cost of Exclusion: A Congressional forum on the impact of discrimination against LGBTs on poverty and development" at the House of Representatives on Monday, Dr. Lee Badgett said there is a positive relationship between gender rights and economic development.
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The Economic Impact of LGBT Exclusion
M. V. Lee BadgettUniversity of Massachusetts Amherst
Williams Institute, UCLA
August 2015
Source: Pew Research Global Attitudes Project
Should Society Accept Homosexuality?
Source: Pew Research Global Attitudes Project
Should Society Accept Homosexuality?
14
33
11
11
16
22
18
18
40
46
74
47
80
78
93
95
97
94
18
26
36
59
57
86
93
87
21
24
30
36
42
49
62
61
90
96
96
96
98
80
60
88
87
80
77
76
74
53
42
16
40
18
9
4
3
3
2
79
73
54
39
21
9
3
2
74
68
61
60
51
43
34
32
8
4
3
3
1
Canada
U.S.
Spain
Germany
Czech Rep.
France
Britain
Italy
Greece
Poland
Russia
Israel
Lebanon
Turkey
Palest. ter.
Egypt
Jordan
Tunisia
Australia
Philippines
Japan
S. Korea
China
Malaysia
Indonesia
Pakistan
Argentina
Chile
Mexico
Brazil
Venezuela
Bolivia
El Salvador
S. Africa
Kenya
Uganda
Ghana
Senegal
Nigeria
YesNo
The Global Divide on Homosexuality Greater Acceptance in More Secular
and Affluent Countries
As the United States and other countries
grapple with the issue of same-sex marriage, a
new Pew Research Center survey finds huge
variance by region on the broader question of
whether homosexuality should be accepted or
rejected by society.
The survey of publics in 39 countries finds
broad acceptance of homosexuality in North
America, the European Union, and much of
Latin America, but equally widespread
rejection in predominantly Muslim nations
and in Africa, as well as in parts of Asia and in
Russia. Opinion about the acceptability of
homosexuality is divided in Israel, Poland and
Bolivia.
Attitudes about homosexuality have been fairly
stable in recent years, except in South Korea,
the United States and Canada, where the
percentage saying homosexuality should be
accepted by society has grown by at least ten
percentage points since 2007. These are
among the key findings of a new survey by the
Pew Research Center conducted in 39
countries among 37,653 respondents from
March 2 to May 1, 2013.1
The survey also finds that acceptance of
homosexuality is particularly widespread in
countries where religion is less central in
1 Results for India are not reported due to concerns about the survey’s administration in the field.
Should Society Accept Homosexuality?
PEW RESEARCH CENTER Q27.
Latin America
Africa
Asia/Pacific
Middle East
Europe
N. America
14
33
11
11
16
22
18
18
40
46
74
47
80
78
93
95
97
94
18
26
36
59
57
86
93
87
21
24
30
36
42
49
62
61
90
96
96
96
98
80
60
88
87
80
77
76
74
53
42
16
40
18
9
4
3
3
2
79
73
54
39
21
9
3
2
74
68
61
60
51
43
34
32
8
4
3
3
1
Canada
U.S.
Spain
Germany
Czech Rep.
France
Britain
Italy
Greece
Poland
Russia
Israel
Lebanon
Turkey
Palest. ter.
Egypt
Jordan
Tunisia
Australia
Philippines
Japan
S. Korea
China
Malaysia
Indonesia
Pakistan
Argentina
Chile
Mexico
Brazil
Venezuela
Bolivia
El Salvador
S. Africa
Kenya
Uganda
Ghana
Senegal
Nigeria
YesNo
The Global Divide on Homosexuality Greater Acceptance in More Secular
and Affluent Countries
As the United States and other countries
grapple with the issue of same-sex marriage, a
new Pew Research Center survey finds huge
variance by region on the broader question of
whether homosexuality should be accepted or
rejected by society.
The survey of publics in 39 countries finds
broad acceptance of homosexuality in North
America, the European Union, and much of
Latin America, but equally widespread
rejection in predominantly Muslim nations
and in Africa, as well as in parts of Asia and in
Russia. Opinion about the acceptability of
homosexuality is divided in Israel, Poland and
Bolivia.
Attitudes about homosexuality have been fairly
stable in recent years, except in South Korea,
the United States and Canada, where the
percentage saying homosexuality should be
accepted by society has grown by at least ten
percentage points since 2007. These are
among the key findings of a new survey by the
Pew Research Center conducted in 39
countries among 37,653 respondents from
March 2 to May 1, 2013.1
The survey also finds that acceptance of
homosexuality is particularly widespread in
countries where religion is less central in
1 Results for India are not reported due to concerns about the survey’s administration in the field.
Should Society Accept Homosexuality?
PEW RESEARCH CENTER Q27.
Latin America
Africa
Asia/Pacific
Middle East
Europe
N. America
Relatively accepting of homosexuality
Philippines: Tolerant of neighbors% would not want homosexual neighbor
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2005-2009 2010-2014
Philippines
China
Taiwan
Malaysia
Singapore
Thailand
World Values Survey
65%
37%
25%
23%
9%
35%
Philippines
US
Unacceptable Acceptable Not moral issue
Source: Pew Research Center Global Views on Morality
But most believe homosexuality is morally unacceptable
Cross-national
Country
Employer
Person
HOMOPHOBIA
Violence
Prison
Job loss
Discrimination
Family rejection
Harassment in school
Pressure to marry
Lower productivity
Lower earnings,
more poverty
Poorer health, shorter lives
Less education
Higher health care & social program
costs
Economy-level outcomes
Lower economic
output
Fewer incentives to invest in human
capital
Lower labor force participation
Individual-level outcomesSocial Exclusion
HOMOPHOBIA
Violence
Prison
Job loss
Discrimination
Family rejection
Harassment in school
Pressure to marry
Lower productivity
Lower earnings,
more poverty
Poorer health, shorter lives
Less education
Higher health care & social program
costs
Economy-level outcomes
Lower economic
output
Fewer incentives to invest in human
capital
Lower labor force participation
Individual-level outcomesSocial Exclusion
Cross-national
Country
Employer
Person
Hewlett-Packard
Aetna
MicrosoftBarnes & Noble
Nike Viacom
Morgan Stanley
Apple
“[Discriminatory laws] can impede business efforts to
recruit, hire, and retain the best workers in an environment that
enables them to perform at their best.”
Clorox
McGraw Hill
Xerox
Verizon
Office Depot
Intel
LGBT-supportive policies and workplace climates generate economic benefits for employers
1
3
3
8
11
14
16
1
1
3
2
4
1
1
1
Increasedproductivity
Less discrimination
Improved workplacerelationships
More opennessabout being LGBT
Increased jobsatisfaction
Improved healthoutcomes
Greater jobcommitment
Positive business relationship
No business relationship
Negative business relationship
Cross-national
Country
Employer
Person
HOMOPHOBIA
Violence
Prison
Job loss
Discrimination
Family rejection
Harassment in school
Pressure to marry
Lower productivity
Lower earnings,
more poverty
Poorer health, shorter lives
Less education
Higher health care & social program
costs
Economy-level outcomes
Lower economic
output
Fewer incentives to invest in human
capital
Lower labor force participation
Individual-level outcomesSocial Exclusion
World Bank Case Study: Cost of LGBT Exclusion in India
The model can estimate:
• Lost productivity caused by discrimination in workplace
• Impact of family constraints on decision-making about labor force participation
• Cost of health disparities: HIV, depression, suicide
Cross-national
Country
Employer
Person
Inclusion
Index of legal rights
(GILRHO)
?
Economic outcomes
GDP per capita,
Human DevIndex
Compare countries(USAID & Williams Inst. 2014)
Positive correlation of rights with GDP per capita, 2011
Albania
Argentina
Bosnia & Herzegovina
Brazil
BulgariaChile
China Colombia
Czech Rep.
EcuadorEgypt
El Salvador
Estonia
GuatemalaHonduras
Hungary
IndiaIndonesia
Kenya
LatviaLithuania
MalaysiaMexico
Morocco
NepalPakistan
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Romania
Russia
Serbia
South Africa
Taiwan
Thailand
Turkey
Ukraine
Venezuela
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
GD
P p
er
cap
ita
(Th
ou
san
ds
USD
)
Global Index on Legal Recognition of Homosexual Orientation
Transgender rights positively correlated with GDP per capita 2011
Argentina
Bosnia-Herzegovina
Brazil
Chile
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
India
Kenya
Philippines
PolandRussia
Serbia
South Africa
Thailand
Turkey
Venezuela
-
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
GD
P p
er
cap
ita
(Th
ou
san
ds
USD
)
Transgender Rights Index
Econometric findings
One additional right
+ $320 GDP per cap (3%)
LGBT INCLUSION ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Post-materialist demand for human
rights
Human capital & economic potential
Strategic modernization
Achievement of capabilities
