The Economics of Education

1 Examine the Data for Education in Georgia

2 Economic Impact of Georgia Non-Graduates

3 Strengthening the Birth to Work Pipeline

4 What Can We Do?

The Economics of Education

Examine the Data

for Education in Georgia

Academic Achievement Milestones

School Readiness

Literacy by 3rd Grade

Numeracy by 8th Grade

High School Graduation

Workforce and/or College Ready

Percent of Children Age 3-5 Enrolled in Early Education, 2008

Source: The Annie E. Casey Foundation, KIDS COUNT Data Center.

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

New

Jer

sey

Con

nect

icut

Mas

sach

uset

tsN

ew Y

ork

Loui

sian

aH

awai

iIll

inoi

sR

hode

Isla

ndM

issi

ssip

piM

aryl

and

New

Ham

pC

alifo

rnia

Flo

rida

Geo

rgia

Mic

higa

nA

rkan

sas

Iow

aC

olor

ado

Del

awar

eN

orth

Car

olin

aS

outh

Car

olin

aU

nite

d S

tate

sK

ansa

sP

enns

ylva

nia

Virg

inia

Ken

tuck

yN

ebra

ska

Okl

ahom

aW

isco

nsin

Ala

bam

aO

hio

Ten

ness

eeM

inne

sota

Mis

sour

iT

exas

Ala

ska

Mai

neN

ew M

exic

oO

rego

nW

ashi

ngto

nS

outh

Dak

ota

Uta

hIn

dian

aN

orth

Dak

ota

Idah

oW

est V

irgin

iaM

onta

naA

rizon

aN

evad

a

Georgia63%

UnitedStates61%

NAEP 2009 4th Grade Reading At or Above Basic

Source: National Center for Education Statistics

0

20

40

60

80

100

Ma

ssa

chu

setts

Ne

w H

am

pC

on

ne

ctic

ut

Ne

w J

ers

ey

No

rth

Da

kota

Ve

rmo

nt

Vir

gin

iaD

ela

wa

reF

lori

da

Mo

nta

na

Co

lora

do

Ka

nsa

sK

en

tuck

yW

yom

ing

Ne

w Y

ork

Oh

ioIn

dia

na

Ma

ine

Ma

ryla

nd

Min

ne

sota

Mis

sou

riN

eb

rask

aP

en

nsy

lva

nia

So

uth

Da

kota

Ida

ho

Iow

aR

ho

de

Isla

nd

Wa

shin

gto

nU

tah

Wis

con

sin

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Illin

ois

No

rth

Ca

rolin

aO

kla

ho

ma

Ore

go

nT

exa

sM

ich

iga

nA

rka

nsa

sG

eo

rgia

Te

nn

ess

ee

Ala

ba

ma

So

uth

Ca

rolin

aW

est

Vir

gin

iaA

lask

aH

aw

aii

Ne

vad

aA

rizo

na

Mis

siss

ipp

iC

alif

orn

iaN

ew

Me

xico

Lo

uis

ian

aD

C

Georgia63%

UnitedStates65%

NAEP 2009 8th Grade Math At or Above Basic

Source: National Center for Education Statistics

0

20

40

60

80

100

Nor

th D

akot

aM

assa

chus

eM

inne

sota

Sou

th D

akot

aM

onta

naN

ew H

amp

Ver

mon

tN

ew J

erse

yK

ansa

sW

isco

nsin

Con

nect

icut

Idah

oIn

dian

aM

aine

Pen

nsyl

vani

aT

exas

Was

hing

ton

Wyo

min

gM

isso

uri

Col

orad

oIo

wa

Ohi

oV

irgin

iaA

lask

aD

elaw

are

Mar

ylan

dN

ebra

ska

Ore

gon

Uta

hN

orth

Illin

ois

New

Yor

kU

nite

d S

tate

sF

lorid

aK

entu

cky

Sou

thM

ichi

gan

Okl

ahom

aR

hode

Isla

ndA

rizon

aA

rkan

sas

Geo

rgia

Haw

aii

Ten

ness

eeN

evad

aLo

uisi

ana

Wes

t Virg

inia

Cal

iforn

iaN

ew M

exic

oA

laba

ma

Mis

siss

ippi

DC

UnitedStates71%

Georgia67%

SAT 2009 Scores – All States

Source: College Board, 2009 College-Bound Seniors, State and National Reports.

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Iow

aW

isco

nsin

Min

neso

taM

isso

uri

Illin

ois

Mic

higa

nS

outh

Dak

ota

Neb

rask

aN

orth

Dak

ota

Kan

sas

Ken

tuck

yO

klah

oma

Ten

ness

eeA

rkan

sas

Col

orad

oW

yom

ing

Mis

siss

ippi

Loui

sian

aA

laba

ma

Uta

hN

ew M

exic

oO

hio

Mon

tana

Idah

oW

ashi

ngto

nN

ew H

amp

Mas

sach

uset

tsO

rego

nV

erm

ont

Con

nect

icut

Ariz

ona

Ala

sksa

Virg

inia

Cal

iforn

iaW

est V

irgin

iaU

nite

d S

tate

sN

ew J

erse

yM

aryl

and

Rho

de Is

land

Nor

th C

arol

ina

Nev

ada

Indi

ana

Del

awar

eP

enns

ylva

nia

Flo

rida

Tex

asN

ew Y

ork

Geo

rgia

Haw

aii

Sou

th C

arol

ina

Mai

ne DC

UnitedStates1509

Georgia1460

SAT 2009 Scores – States with Participation Rate At or Above 25%

Source: College Board, 2009 College-Bound Seniors, State and National Reports.

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Iow

aW

isco

nsin

Min

neso

taM

isso

uri

Illin

ois

Mic

higa

nS

outh

Dak

ota

Neb

rask

aN

orth

Dak

ota

Kan

sas

Ken

tuck

yO

klah

oma

Ten

ness

eeA

rkan

sas

Col

orad

oW

yom

ing

Mis

siss

ippi

Loui

sian

aA

laba

ma

Uta

hN

ew M

exic

oO

hio

Mon

tana

Idah

oW

ashi

ngto

nN

ew H

amp

Mas

sach

uset

tsO

rego

nV

erm

ont

Con

nect

icut

Ariz

ona

Ala

sksa

Virg

inia

Cal

iforn

iaW

est V

irgin

iaU

nite

d S

tate

sN

ew J

erse

yM

aryl

and

Rho

de Is

land

Nor

th C

arol

ina

Nev

ada

Indi

ana

Del

awar

eP

enns

ylva

nia

Flo

rida

Tex

asN

ew Y

ork

Geo

rgia

Haw

aii

Sou

th C

arol

ina

Mai

ne DC

UnitedStates1509

Georgia1460

SAT 2009 Scores – States with Participation Rate At or Above 60%

Source: College Board, 2009 College-Bound Seniors, State and National Reports.

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Iow

aW

isco

nsin

Min

neso

taM

isso

uri

Illin

ois

Mic

higa

nS

outh

Dak

ota

Neb

rask

aN

orth

Dak

ota

Kan

sas

Ken

tuck

yO

klah

oma

Ten

ness

eeA

rkan

sas

Col

orad

oW

yom

ing

Mis

siss

ippi

Loui

sian

aA

laba

ma

Uta

hN

ew M

exic

oO

hio

Mon

tana

Idah

oW

ashi

ngto

nN

ew H

amp

Mas

sach

uset

tsO

rego

nV

erm

ont

Con

nect

icut

Ariz

ona

Ala

sksa

Virg

inia

Cal

iforn

iaW

est V

irgin

iaU

nite

d S

tate

sN

ew J

erse

yM

aryl

and

Rho

de Is

land

Nor

th C

arol

ina

Nev

ada

Indi

ana

Del

awar

eP

enns

ylva

nia

Flo

rida

Tex

asN

ew Y

ork

Geo

rgia

Haw

aii

Sou

th C

arol

ina

Mai

ne DC

UnitedStates1509

Georgia1460

Source: NCES (2010). Public School Graduates and Dropouts: School Year 2007-08.

0

20

40

60

80

100

Wis

con

sin

Ver

mo

nt

Iow

aM

inn

eso

taN

ew J

erse

yS

ou

th D

ako

taN

ebra

ska

No

rth

Dak

ota

New

Ham

psh

ire

Pen

nsy

lvan

iaM

isso

uri

Co

nn

ecti

cut

Mo

nta

na

Mas

sach

use

tts

Illi

no

isM

ary

lan

dId

aho

Kan

sas

Mai

ne

Oh

ioO

kla

ho

ma

Wes

t V

irg

inia

Vir

gin

iaO

reg

on

Ark

ansa

sR

ho

de

Isla

nd

Mic

hig

anH

awai

iW

yo

min

gC

olo

rad

oU

nit

ed S

tate

sT

enn

esse

eK

entu

cky

Uta

hIn

dia

na

Tex

asN

ort

h C

aro

lin

aD

elaw

are

Was

hin

gto

nC

alif

orn

iaN

ew Y

ork

Ari

zon

aA

lask

aA

lab

ama

Flo

rid

aN

ew M

exic

oG

eorg

iaM

issi

ssip

pi

Lo

uis

ian

aD

.C.

Nev

ada

UnitedStates74.9% Georgia

65.4%

High School Graduation Rates: State-by-State Rankings

Georgia High School Graduation Rates

Source: The Governor’s Office of Student Achievement, State Report Cards.

YearHigh School

Graduation RateNumber of High

School Non-Grads

2006 71% 29,943

2007 72% 28,883

2008 75% 27,248

2009 79% 23,567

Total 109,550

Economic Impact of

Georgia Non-Graduates

Education Pays

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Earnings & unemployment for full-time workers age 25 & older, not seasonally adjusted. Data given are 1st quarter 2010 averages.

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT & EMPLOYMENT

Unemployment Rate April 2010Median Wkly Earnings

(& approx. annual)

15% 10% 5% 0% 0 200 600 1000

4.4Bachelor’s

Degree & Higher$1,140 ($59,280)

8.1Some college/

Associate Degree$738 ($38,376)

10.5HS Graduates,

No College$624 ($32,448)

14.5Less than a High School Diploma

$448 ($23,296)

Unemployment Rates by Education Level

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, February 2010.

Unemployment Rates by County, Feb. 2010

Source: Georgia Department of Labor

State Service Delivery Regions

Economic Impact of High School Non-Completion

How much could YOUR region benefit from this additional income currently being foregone?

Source: Isley, P. & Hill, J. “Updated Economic Impact of High School Non-Completion in Georgia: 2005 Estimate,” Georgia Southern University. April 2007. *According to GSU study, totals may not add due to rounding.

Region 1 $2.2 billion

Region 2 $1.2 billion

Region 3 $4.2 billion

Region 4 $1.1 billion

Region 5 $1.1 billion

Region 6 $1.0 billion

Region 7 $1.1 billion

Region 8 $0.9 billion

Region 9 $0.9 billion

Region 10 $2.0 billion

Region 11 $1.0 billion

Region 12 $1.1 billion

TOTAL $18 billion*

Compounded Impacts of High School Non-Completion

Source: Levin, H., et al., (2007). The Costs and Benefits of an Excellent Education for All of America’s Children.

INDIVIDUALS THE COMMUNITY

Lower Lifetime Earnings Reduced buying power & tax revenues; less economic growth

Decreased health status; Higher mortality rates; More criminal activity

Higher health care & criminal justice costs

Higher teen pregnancy rates; Single motherhood

Higher public services costs

Less voting; Less volunteeringLow rate of community involvement

Strengthening the Birth to Work Pipeline

Strengthening the Birth to Work Pipeline

KEY ISSUE

#1Early Life Experiences

KEY ISSUE

#2Academic Achievement K-12

KEY ISSUE

#3Transitions to Work or College

Family Income Affects School Readiness

Source: National Center for Education Statistics. (2004). Early Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998-99.

Achievement Gap as Children Enter Kindergarten

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36

Age of child in months

Voc

abu

lary

Siz

eDisparities in Early Vocabulary Growth

Source: Hart, B. and Risley, T. R. (2003). “The Early Catastrophe: The 30 Million Word Gap by Age 3.”

Professional Families 1,116 words

Working Class Families 749 words

Welfare Families 525 words

Economic Benefits of Early Education:Perry Preschool Study

41%

36%

29%

20%

13%

7%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

Never onwelfare as adult

Own home

Earn $2,000+monthly

Program group No-Program group

Source: Schweinhart, L.J., et al. (2005). Lifetime effects: The High/Scope Perry Preschool study through age 40.

66%

15%

45%

34%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

Graduated HSon Time

ReceivedSpecial

Education

Program group No-program group

Economic Benefits of Early Education:Perry Preschool Study

Source: Schweinhart, L.J., et al. (2005). Lifetime effects: The High/Scope Perry Preschool study through age 40.

Strengthening the Birth to Work Pipeline

KEY KEY ISSUE ISSUE

#1#1Early Life ExperiencesEarly Life Experiences

KEY ISSUE

#2Academic Achievement K-12

KEY KEY ISSUE ISSUE

#3#3Transitions to Work or CollegeTransitions to Work or College

6th Grade Outcomes Can Predict Failure to Graduate High School

Source: Balfanz, R. (2007). Preventing Student Disengagement and Keeping Students on the Graduation Path in Urban Middle-Grades Schools: Early Identification and Effective Intervetions.

Flag in Sixth Grade

Percent with this flag who…

Attended ≤ 80%

Failed Math

Course

Failed English Course

Suspended Out of School

Un-satisfactory

Behavior

Graduated on time 13 13 12 16 24

Did not graduate 83 81 82 80 71

Cost of Student Retention in Georgia

61,642 X $8,909 =More than $549

million

Georgia students retained in 2009

Average annual cost of education

per student

Total cost of student retention in 2009 for

Georgia

Source: Georgia Department of Education; Partnership Calculation. *For assistance in calculating the cost of retention in your local system, contact the Georgia Partnership.

Example for Fulton County School System*:

2,824 X $9,594 = $27,093,456

Essential Building Blocks of High Performing States

Higher Standards

Rigorous Curriculum

Clear Accountability System

Statewide Student Information System

Leadership Training

3rd Grade Reading Achievement in Georgia:Closing the Gaps

70%

80%

90%

100%

2006 2007 2008 2009

All Students Black Hispanic White

Source: Georgia Department of Education.

% of Students Meeting or Exceeding Standards

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2006 2007 2008 2009

All Students Black Hispanic White

8th Grade Math Achievement in Georgia:Closing the Gaps

Source: Georgia Department of Education.

% of Students Meeting or Exceeding Standards

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2006 2007 2008 2009All Students Black Hispanic White

High School Graduation Rates in Georgia:Closing the Gaps

Source: Georgia Department of Education.

Strengthening the Birth to Work Pipeline

KEY KEY ISSUE ISSUE

#1#1Early Life ExperiencesEarly Life Experiences

KEY KEY ISSUE ISSUE

#2#2Academic Achievement K-12Academic Achievement K-12

KEY ISSUE

#3Transitions to Work or College

Source: U.S. Department of Labor. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2009.

The Demands of America’s New Economy

The number of jobs for workers with a bachelor’s degree or higher will increase from 38 million in 2006 to 43 million by 2016 – a growth rate of nearly 15 percent.

12 of the 20 fastest growing occupations require an associate degree or higher.

Are They College Ready?

Source: Nat’l Center for Education Statistics. “The Condition of Education: Student Effort & Educational Progress.” 2004

Educational Attainment of Remedial Coursetakers

Source: College Board, “The 6th Annual A.P. Report to the Nation: Georgia Supplement,” 2010.

Participation & Performance in AP Courses

Source: National Skills Coalition, “The Issues.”

Middle-Skills Gap Between Jobs & Workers

Persistent shortages of middle-skill workers inhibit industry growth and U.S. competitiveness

What Can We Do?

Aligning Educational Strategies

Aligned Acts of Improvement

Random Acts of Improvement

GOALS

GOALS

Insulating the Birth to Work Pipeline

LEARNING & SOCIAL SUPPORTS

Childcare Providers

Afterschool Programs

Academic Supports

Job Training

Civic Opportunities

Early Childhood

K – 12 SystemPost Secondary

Work & Career

ESSENTIAL COMMUNITY SERVICES

Transportation Health Housing Financial

Source: The Forum for Youth Investment

Education in Georgia:

Past, Present, Future

PAST Milestones in Georgia education policy

PRESENT Portrait of our schools & students today

FUTURE Dynamic forces impacting education

EDUCATION IN GEORGIAEDUCATION IN GEORGIA

11th 12th7th 8th 9th 10th2010-11 2011-12

PreK Kinder 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10

Georgia Education Policy Milestones

Through the Lens of Students in the Class of 2012:

2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-101998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2010-11 2011-12PreK Kinder 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 11th 12th7th 8th 9th 10th

Georgia Education Policy Milestones

Starting PreK today at a Georgia public PreK

program!

2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-101998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2010-11 2011-12PreK Kinder 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 11th 12th7th 8th 9th 10th

Georgia A+ Education Reform Act

Federal No Child Left

Behind Act

Georgia Education Policy Milestones

According to a new federal law, all my

teachers must be highly qualified.

11th 12th7th 8th 9th 10th2010-11 2011-12

PreK Kinder 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10

Georgia A+ Education Reform Act

CRCTs given to all grades &

subjects

Federal No Child Left

Behind Act

Georgia Education Policy Milestones

All students in my school and system are taking a new test, the CRCT, this

year.

2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-101998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2010-11 2011-12PreK Kinder 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 11th 12th7th 8th 9th 10th

Georgia A+ Education Reform Act

CRCTs given to all grades &

subjects

Federal No Child Left

Behind Act

Georgia Education Policy Milestones

Changes to GA promotion/

retention policy

My friend failed the 5th grade CRCT. He’s not being promoted to 6th

grade with the rest of us.

2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-101998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2010-11 2011-12PreK Kinder 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 11th 12th7th 8th 9th 10th

Georgia A+ Education Reform Act

Phase-in begins for new

curriculum (GPS)

CRCTs given to all grades &

subjects

Federal No Child Left

Behind Act

Georgia Education Policy Milestones

Changes to GA promotion/

retention policy

Graduation Coach

program begins

We are learning a new curriculum in most grades & subjects. I met with the

new graduation coach today.

2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-101998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2010-11 2011-12PreK Kinder 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 11th 12th7th 8th 9th 10th

Georgia A+ Education Reform Act

Phase-in begins for new

curriculum (GPS)

CRCTs given to all grades &

subjects

Federal No Child Left

Behind Act

Georgia Education Policy Milestones

Changes to GA promotion/

retention policy

Graduation Coach

program begins

New requirements

for HS graduation

Starting high school!The state made some policy changes. I’ll have to take 4

years of math and science to earn my diploma.

2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-101998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2010-11 2011-12PreK Kinder 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 11th 12th7th 8th 9th 10th

Georgia A+ Education Reform Act

Phase-in begins for new

curriculum (GPS)

CRCTs given to all grades &

subjects

Federal No Child Left

Behind Act

Georgia Education Policy Milestones

Changes to GA promotion/

retention policy

Graduation Coach

program begins

New requirements

for HS graduation

Voucher program (GSNS) begins

My friend enrolled in a private school this year after her family received a state

voucher.

2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-101998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2010-11 2011-12PreK Kinder 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 11th 12th7th 8th 9th 10th

Georgia A+ Education Reform Act

Phase-in begins for new

curriculum (GPS)

CRCTs given to all grades &

subjects

Federal No Child Left

Behind Act

Georgia Education Policy Milestones

Changes to GA promotion/

retention policy

Graduation Coach

program begins

New requirements

for HS graduation

Voucher program (GSNS) begins

Budget crisis

worsens

Starting my junior year.At my school, 18 teachers

lost their jobs. I can no longer take AP Physics. The state cannot fund my PSAT.

PASTPAST Milestones in Georgia education policyMilestones in Georgia education policy

PRESENT Portrait of our schools & students today

FUTUREFUTURE Dynamic forces impacting educationDynamic forces impacting education

EDUCATION IN GEORGIAEDUCATION IN GEORGIA

Georgia Enrollment by School Type2008-09

Source: Georgia Department of Education Enrollment Reports

Home Schools 2.2%

Private Schools 6.0%

Public Schools 91.8%

Changing Face of Georgia’s Public Schools

Source: Governor’s Office of Student Achievement.Note: Graph shows selected race categories; totals for each year may not add to 100.

49% 48% 47% 46% 46%

8% 8% 9% 10% 10%

38% 38% 38% 38% 38%

0%

20%

40%

60%

2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09

% o

f T

ota

l K

-12

En

roll

men

t

White Hispanic Black

Rise in Low-Income Student Population

Public School Students Eligible for Free/Reduced Meals

43% 45% 48% 50% 53%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

2000-01 2002-03 2004-05 2006-07 2008-09

School Year

Pe

rce

nt o

f To

tal E

nro

llme

nt

Source: Governor’s Office of Student Achievement. Graph shows every other year.

PASTPAST Milestones in Georgia education policyMilestones in Georgia education policy

PRESENTPRESENT Portrait of our schools & students todayPortrait of our schools & students today

FUTURE Dynamic forces impacting education

EDUCATION IN GEORGIAEDUCATION IN GEORGIA

Budget: The Grim Reality

2/2009

Stimulus bill

provides $100

billion for educatio

n

“Very likely” the recession has ended

10/2009

4/2010

1st monthly increase in GA state revenue

since 11/08

U.S. recession begins

12/2007

At least 30 states & DC

have cut education spending

Today

Budget: The Grim Reality

GA Public School Revenue by Source, FY09

Source: Georgia Department of Education. “Local, State, and Federal Revenue Report.”

GA’s Public Schools:Change in Revenue Source Over Time

STATE

LOCAL

FEDERAL

Source: Georgia Department of Education Revenue Reports.

Reductions in State Education Funds

Source: Georgia Department of Education; Governor’s Office of Planning & Budget.

Georgia’s Race to the Top

• $4.35 billion competitive grant fund

• Largest amount of discretionary funding for K-12 education reform in history

• Phase 1 winners:Tennessee ($500 mil)& Delaware ($100 mil)

• Applications for Phase 2 due June 1

Race to the Top: Phase 1 Results

State RankFinal Score

(Out of 500)

Delaware 1 454.6

Tennessee 2 444.2

Georgia 3 433.6

Florida 4 431.4

Illinois 5 423.8

Georgia’s RTTT: Scores by Category

SELECTION CRITERIAPoints

PossiblePoints

Awarded

State Success Factors 125 102.8

Standards & Assessments 70 65.6

Data Systems to Support Instruction 47 41.4

Great Teachers & Leaders 138 111.4

Turning Around Lowest-Performing Schools 50 47.4

General 55 50

Emphasis on STEM 15 15

TOTAL 500 433.6

Standards & Assessments

Students with similar academic skills, but residing in different states, are being educated to different standards and held to different expectations for success in reading

and mathematics.

Source: National Center for Education Statistics.

Standards & Assessments

2004:Georgia Performance Standards adoption began

2010:Adoption of Common Core Standards(July: Item for GA State Board Action)

2011:Implementation of CCS in classrooms

Standards & Assessments

What more does Georgia need?

At what cost?

For what purpose?

Great Teachers & Leaders

A well-qualified highly-effective teacher workforce is the single most influential

school-based factor for improving student achievement.

Great Teachers & Leaders

2009:House Bill 280 (math/science salary supplements)

2009:House Bill 455 (unused leadership degrees)

2009:$3.5 million Transition to Teaching Grant

Turning Around Schools

5 % of America’s public schools are on track for Restructuring

2,000 high schools produce half of America’s dropouts

In 2009, 14 % of Georgia’s schools failed to make AYP

Turning Around Schools

Of these:

119 are NI-3 or above

45 are NI-5 or above

Of these 45:

40 are Title I

Georgia Public Schools in Needs Improvement

Turning Around Schools

Turnaround Model Restart Model

Transformation Model School Closure

A shifting landscape, but an unchanging goal:

What do we need to get there?

Access for all youth to high-quality public schools that provide the opportunity for

obtaining a meaningful diploma.

Who Decides What?

The Changing Dynamics of School Governance

The Shifting Roles

• Local role has shrunk considerably as the state and federal roles have expanded

• Expectations of local boards changed as a result– From ensuring compliance with rules and

regulations to– Implementing standards-based accountability

and– Performance-based management for all

Federal Role

• The federal role in education has changed dramatically

• Three general philosophies of federal role– Funder– Enforcer– Influencer

Take the money and do good

• First Elementary and Secondary Act (ESEA) 1965

• Created Title I funding for poor students

Take the money and do as I say

• Improving America’s School Act (1994 ESEA) added requirements

• Adequate yearly progress (AYP)

• Standards• Assessments• No Child Left Behind

(2002 ESEA) added consequences

If you want the money…

• Competitive grants to states and districts

• Charter school funding

• Reauthorization expected to reflect lessons learned

State and Local Role

• Ideally partners • Sometimes critics

Defining “State”

• State role is played by several entities:– Governor– General Assembly– State Board– Office of Student Achievement– Professional Standards Commission

State Role

• Big picture level

• It defines the “what”– Statewide standards– Minimum graduation requirements

• Monitors Progress

• Provides targeted assistance

• Defines consequences for not meeting standards

Local Role

• Ground zero

• Elected board appoints and evaluates Superintendent

• It defines the “how”– Develops strategic plan to meet state standards– Ensures regular review of progress toward goals– Sets calendar based on instructional needs– Can add requirements to state minimums