The Effect of Gender and Method of Persuasion on Random Processes

The Effect of Gender The Effect of Gender and Method of and Method of Persuasion on Persuasion on Random Processes Random Processes

May 5, 2005May 5, 2005

PSY/ORFE 322PSY/ORFE 322

PurposePurpose

To determine if an operator’s method of To determine if an operator’s method of persuasion (coaxing vs commanding) persuasion (coaxing vs commanding) can affect the ‘time of flight’ of a robot can affect the ‘time of flight’ of a robot controlled by a Random Event Generator controlled by a Random Event Generator (REG) (REG)

To determine if the gender of the To determine if the gender of the operator has any effect on his/her operator has any effect on his/her performance when using these two performance when using these two methods of persuasion methods of persuasion

Coax vs CommandCoax vs Command

Coax: to draw, gain, or persuade Coax: to draw, gain, or persuade by means of gentle urging or by means of gentle urging or flatteryflattery

Command: to direct Command: to direct authoritatively or orderauthoritatively or order

Source: Webster’s DictionarySource: Webster’s Dictionary

Peoc’h, Rene (1986)Peoc’h, Rene (1986)

Newly hatched chicks were Newly hatched chicks were conditioned to adopt an REG controlled conditioned to adopt an REG controlled robot as their mother.robot as their mother.

The robot was then allowed to operate The robot was then allowed to operate within a closed space, adjacent to a within a closed space, adjacent to a cage, with its motion tracked.cage, with its motion tracked.

The robot was run both in the presence The robot was run both in the presence of the chicks, and in the presence of of the chicks, and in the presence of an empty cage.an empty cage.

Peoc’h, Rene (1986)Peoc’h, Rene (1986)

In the presence In the presence of the chicks, the of the chicks, the robot spent 2.5 robot spent 2.5 times as much times as much time on the side time on the side nearest to the nearest to the cagecage

Brenda J. Dunne Brenda J. Dunne et. al.et. al. (1998)(1998)

According to REG studies According to REG studies conducted between 1979 and conducted between 1979 and 1993, the correlation of mean shifts 1993, the correlation of mean shifts with intention tends to be much with intention tends to be much stronger in males than females.stronger in males than females.

The low-intention results of females The low-intention results of females tend to be opposite of intentiontend to be opposite of intention

R. G. Jahn R. G. Jahn et. al.et. al. (1997)(1997) Little systematic assessment of Little systematic assessment of

the effectiveness of a particular the effectiveness of a particular operator strategy has been madeoperator strategy has been made

Based on limited data, it appears Based on limited data, it appears that the most successful that the most successful operators form bonds with the operators form bonds with the devices and relate to them in devices and relate to them in anthropomorphic terms anthropomorphic terms

ImplicationsImplications

Is it possible that an ‘anthropomorphic bond’ Is it possible that an ‘anthropomorphic bond’ could be formed between operator and could be formed between operator and device through the use of a commanding or device through the use of a commanding or coaxing method of persuasion?coaxing method of persuasion?

Could men be more successful at using the Could men be more successful at using the ‘command’ method, traditionally associated ‘command’ method, traditionally associated with masculinity?with masculinity?

Likewise, could women be more successful Likewise, could women be more successful at using the traditionally feminine ‘coax’ at using the traditionally feminine ‘coax’ method?method?

HypothesesHypotheses

It is thought that the ‘command’ It is thought that the ‘command’ method of persuasion will be method of persuasion will be more effective at altering the more effective at altering the ‘time of flight’ of the REG ‘time of flight’ of the REG controlled robot.controlled robot.

Similarly, it is thought that men Similarly, it is thought that men will be more effective in their use will be more effective in their use of the ‘command’ method. of the ‘command’ method.

ProcedureProcedure(Our Controlled Experiment)(Our Controlled Experiment)


6 operators total: 3 male, 3 female6 operators total: 3 male, 3 female


6 operators total: 3 male, 3 female6 operators total: 3 male, 3 female Operators left alone to perform experimentOperators left alone to perform experiment


6 operators total: 3 male, 3 female6 operators total: 3 male, 3 female Operators left alone to perform experimentOperators left alone to perform experiment Each operator: 40 trials (20 sets)Each operator: 40 trials (20 sets)


6 operators total: 3 male, 3 female6 operators total: 3 male, 3 female Operators left alone to perform experimentOperators left alone to perform experiment Each operator: 40 trials (20 sets)Each operator: 40 trials (20 sets) Computers! Robots! Volition!Computers! Robots! Volition!


6 operators total: 3 male, 3 female6 operators total: 3 male, 3 female Operators left alone to perform experimentOperators left alone to perform experiment Each operator: 40 trials (20 sets)Each operator: 40 trials (20 sets) Computers! Robots! Volition!Computers! Robots! Volition! Each set = 1 ‘Long’ and 1 ‘Short’ runEach set = 1 ‘Long’ and 1 ‘Short’ run


6 operators total: 3 male, 3 female6 operators total: 3 male, 3 female Operators left alone to perform experimentOperators left alone to perform experiment Each operator: 40 trials (20 sets)Each operator: 40 trials (20 sets) Computers! Robots! Volition!Computers! Robots! Volition! Each set = 1 ‘Long’ and 1 ‘Short’ runEach set = 1 ‘Long’ and 1 ‘Short’ run 11stst set: Coaxing, 2 set: Coaxing, 2ndnd set: Commanding… set: Commanding…

COMMAN

DING

COMMAN

DING

(this is a simulation)

Coaxing


6 operators total: 3 male, 3 female6 operators total: 3 male, 3 female Operators left alone to perform experimentOperators left alone to perform experiment Each operator: 40 trials (20 sets)Each operator: 40 trials (20 sets) Computers! Robots! Volition!Computers! Robots! Volition! Each set = 1 ‘Long’ and 1 ‘Short’ runEach set = 1 ‘Long’ and 1 ‘Short’ run 11stst set: Coaxing, 2 set: Coaxing, 2ndnd set: Commanding… set: Commanding… Each trial: appx. 10sec – 4minEach trial: appx. 10sec – 4min


6 operators total: 3 male, 3 female6 operators total: 3 male, 3 female Operators left alone to perform experimentOperators left alone to perform experiment Each operator: 40 trials (20 sets)Each operator: 40 trials (20 sets) Computers! Robots! Volition!Computers! Robots! Volition! Each set = 1 ‘Long’ and 1 ‘Short’ runEach set = 1 ‘Long’ and 1 ‘Short’ run 11stst set: Coaxing, 2 set: Coaxing, 2ndnd set: Commanding… set: Commanding… Each trial: appx. 10sec – 4minEach trial: appx. 10sec – 4min No baseline trialsNo baseline trials


6 operators total: 3 male, 3 female6 operators total: 3 male, 3 female Operators left alone to perform experimentOperators left alone to perform experiment Each operator: 40 trials (20 sets)Each operator: 40 trials (20 sets) Computers! Robots! Volition!Computers! Robots! Volition! Each set = 1 ‘Long’ and 1 ‘Short’ runEach set = 1 ‘Long’ and 1 ‘Short’ run 11stst set: Coaxing, 2 set: Coaxing, 2ndnd set: Commanding… set: Commanding… Each trial: appx. 10sec – 4minEach trial: appx. 10sec – 4min No baseline trialsNo baseline trials Statistics…Statistics…

HYPOTHESIS 1

The ‘command’ method of persuasion will be more effective than the ‘coax’

method at altering the ‘time of flight’ of the REG controlled robot.

DATA Mean time for SHORT RUN using COAX

= 49.84 sec Mean time for SHORT RUN using COM:

= 55.54 sec Mean time for LONG RUN using COAX:

= 51.02 sec Mean time for LONG RUN using COM:

= 54.67 sec

DATA St.dev. for SHORT RUN using COAX

= 27.02 sec St.dev. for SHORT RUN using COM:

= 38.61 sec St.dev. for LONG RUN using COAX:

= 41.22 sec St.dev. for LONG RUN using COM:

= 31.17 sec

DATA

49.84

55.54

51.02

54.67

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

56

Short Run- Coax Short Run- Com Long Run- Coax Long Run- Com

Trials

Mea

n T

ime

(sec

)

TEST

Is meanlong-com – meanlong-coax > 0?

Using the two-sample t test, we do not have sufficient evidence to conclude with a high degree of confidence (95%) that commanding was more effective than coaxing.

HYPOTHESIS 2

Men will be more effective

than women in their use of

the ‘command’ method.

DATA

Mean time for MEN for SHORT RUN

using COM = 54.30 sec Mean time for WOMEN for SHORT RUN

using COM = 56.57 sec Mean time for MEN for LONG RUN

using COM = 56.77 sec Mean time for WOMEN for LONG RUN

using COM = 52.84 sec

DATA

St.dev. for MEN for SHORT RUN

using COM = 47.76 sec St.dev. for WOMEN for SHORT RUN

using COM = 29.77 sec St.dev. for MEN for LONG RUN

using COM = 38.33 sec St.dev. for WOMEN for LONG RUN

using COM = 28.84 sec

DATA

54.3

56.5756.77

52.84

50

51

52

53

54

55

56

57

58

Short Run- Men Short Run- Women Long Run- Men Long Run- Women

Trials

Mea

n T

ime

(sec

)

TEST

Is meanlong-men – meanlong-women > 0?

Using the two-sample t test, we do not have sufficient evidence to conclude with a high degree of confidence (95%) that men were more effective than women with the command method.

HYPOTHESIS 3

Women will be more effective

than men in their use of

the ‘coax’ method.

DATA

Mean time for WOMEN for SHORT RUN

using COAX = 53.58 sec Mean time for MEN for SHORT RUN

using COAX = 45.36 sec Mean time for WOMEN for LONG RUN

using COAX = 42.37 sec Mean time for MEN for LONG RUN

using COAX = 61.39 sec

DATA

St.dev. for WOMEN for SHORT RUN

using COAX = 27.06 sec St.dev. for MEN for SHORT RUN

using COAX = 26.83 sec St.dev. for WOMEN for LONG RUN

using COAX = 21.58 sec St.dev. for MEN for LONG RUN

using COAX = 55.26 sec

DATA

53.58

45.3642.37

61.39

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Short Run- Women Short Run- Men Long Run- Women Long Run- Men

Trials

Mea

n T

ime

(sec

)

CONCLUSION

Documents

The Effect of Gender and Method of Persuasion on Random Processes