North America in North America in 17501750

North America in North America in 17501750

BritishBritish FrenchFrench

Fort Necessity Fort DuquesneFort Necessity Fort Duquesne ** George Washington George Washington ** Delaware & Delaware & ShawneeShawnee Indians Indians

The The Ohio ValleyOhio Valley

1754 1754 The First The First ClashClash

1754 1754 The First The First ClashClash

It Began Here in the It Began Here in the Ohio Valley!Ohio Valley!

It Began Here in the It Began Here in the Ohio Valley!Ohio Valley!

Gee why do they call it Three Gee why do they call it Three Rivers?Rivers?

Fort Duquesne Fort Duquesne (pronounced Dew- (pronounced Dew-

CANE)CANE)

Fort Duquesne Fort Duquesne (pronounced Dew- (pronounced Dew-

CANE)CANE)

It’s changed some It’s changed some since then…..since then…..

It’s changed some It’s changed some since then…..since then…..

It’s now called Pittsburgh!

Man Who Started the Man Who Started the WarWar

Man Who Started the Man Who Started the WarWar

Jumonvilla was Jumonvilla was murdered here by Half murdered here by Half

King!King!

George would have George would have some ‘splaining to do!some ‘splaining to do!

Jumonvilla was Jumonvilla was murdered here by Half murdered here by Half

King!King!

George would have George would have some ‘splaining to do!some ‘splaining to do!

Fort NecessityFort NecessityFort NecessityFort Necessity

Can you think of any military disadvantages of such a fort?

Ben Franklin Ben Franklin representatives representatives fromfrom New England, NY, MD, PA New England, NY, MD, PA

A Albany CongressAlbany Congress failed Iroquois failed Iroquois broke off relations with broke off relations with Britain & threatened to Britain & threatened to trade with the French. trade with the French.

1754 1754 Albany Plan Albany Plan of Unionof Union

1754 1754 Albany Plan Albany Plan of Unionof Union

Gen. Edward Braddock Gen. Edward Braddock goal is to goal is to evict the French from the OH Valleyevict the French from the OH Valley

A Attacks OH Valley but is….Attacks OH Valley but is….

A Killed 10 mi. from Ft. Duquesne Killed 10 mi. from Ft. Duquesne by 1500 French and Indian by 1500 French and Indian forces.forces.Br. expelled French from Acadia (now Br. expelled French from Acadia (now

Nova Scotia). Many went to Louisiana Nova Scotia). Many went to Louisiana where they became known as….. where they became known as…..

CAJUNSCAJUNS

1755 1755 Britain Decides Britain Decides to Eliminate French to Eliminate French Presence in North Presence in North

AmericaAmerica

1755 1755 Britain Decides Britain Decides to Eliminate French to Eliminate French Presence in North Presence in North

AmericaAmerica

Braddock’s DefeatBraddock’s DefeatBraddock’s DefeatBraddock’s Defeat

Braddock’s GraveBraddock’s GraveBraddock’s GraveBraddock’s Grave

Burial of Braddock

His Grave Today…..

Native American tribes Native American tribes exploited both sides! exploited both sides!

Lord Lord LoudouinLoudouin

Marquis Marquis de Montcalmde Montcalm

1756 1756 War Is War Is Formally Formally

Declared! Declared!

1756 1756 War Is War Is Formally Formally

Declared! Declared!

BritishBritish

• March in formation or March in formation or bayonet charge. bayonet charge.

• Brit officers wanted toBrit officers wanted to take charge of colonials. take charge of colonials.

• Prima Donna Brit Prima Donna Brit officers with servants officers with servants & tea settings. & tea settings.

• Drills & toughDrills & tough discipline. discipline.

• Colonists should payColonists should pay for their own defense. for their own defense.

• Indian-style guerillaIndian-style guerilla tactics. tactics.

• Col. militias servedCol. militias served under own captains. under own captains.

• No mil. deference orNo mil. deference or protocols observed. protocols observed.

• Resistance to risingResistance to rising taxes. taxes.

• Casual, Casual, non-professionals. non-professionals.

Methods ofMethods ofFighting:Fighting:

MilitaryMilitaryOrganization:Organization:

MilitaryMilitaryDiscipline:Discipline:

Finances:Finances:

Demeanor:Demeanor:

British-American British-American Colonial TensionsColonial TensionsBritish-American British-American Colonial TensionsColonial Tensions

ColonialsColonials

A He understood colonial concerns.He understood colonial concerns.

A He offered them a compromise:He offered them a compromise:

-- col. loyalty & mil. cooperation-- col. loyalty & mil. cooperation-->Br. >Br. would reimburse col. assemblies would reimburse col. assemblies forfor their costs. their costs. -- Lord Loudoun would be Lord Loudoun would be removed.removed.

RESULTS?RESULTS? Colonial morale Colonial morale increased by 1758. increased by 1758.

1757 1757 William Pitt William Pitt Becomes Prime Becomes Prime

MinisterMinister

1757 1757 William Pitt William Pitt Becomes Prime Becomes Prime

MinisterMinister

** By 1761, Sp. has become an ally of Fr.By 1761, Sp. has become an ally of Fr.

1758-1761 1758-1761 The Tide The Tide Turns for EnglandTurns for England

1758-1761 1758-1761 The Tide The Tide Turns for EnglandTurns for England

PLAINS OF ABRAHAM

Montcalm versus Montcalm versus WolfeWolfe

Montcalm versus Montcalm versus WolfeWolfe

France --> France --> lost her Canadian lost her Canadian possessions, most of her empire in possessions, most of her empire in India, and claims India, and claims to lands east of the Mississippi to lands east of the Mississippi River.River.Spain -->Spain --> got all French lands west got all French lands west of the Mississippi River, New of the Mississippi River, New Orleans, but lost Florida to Orleans, but lost Florida to England.England.England -->England --> got all French lands in got all French lands in Canada, exclusive rights to Canada, exclusive rights to Caribbean slave trade, and Caribbean slave trade, and commercial dominance commercial dominance in India.in India.

1763 1763 Treaty of Treaty of ParisParis

1763 1763 Treaty of Treaty of ParisParis

DEATH OF WOLFEDEATH OF WOLFEDEATH OF WOLFEDEATH OF WOLFE

by Benjamin West

1.1. It increased her colonial empire It increased her colonial empire in in the Americas. the Americas.

2.2. It greatly enlarged England’s It greatly enlarged England’s debt.debt.

3.3. Britain’s contempt for the Britain’s contempt for the colonials colonials created bitter feelings. created bitter feelings.

Therefore, England felt that aTherefore, England felt that amajor reorganization of her major reorganization of her

American EmpireAmerican Empire was necessary! was necessary!

Effects of the War Effects of the War on Britain:on Britain:

Effects of the War Effects of the War on Britain:on Britain:

1.1. It united them against aIt united them against a common enemy for the first common enemy for the first time. time.

2.2. It created a socializing It created a socializing experience for all the experience for all the colonials who participated. colonials who participated.

3.3. It created bitter feelings It created bitter feelings

towards the British that towards the British that would only intensify. would only intensify.

Effects of the War on Effects of the War on the American the American

ColonialsColonials

Effects of the War on Effects of the War on the American the American

ColonialsColonials

17631763 Pontiac’s Pontiac’s RebellionRebellion

Fort DetroitFort Detroit

Allegation: British “gifts” of Allegation: British “gifts” of smallpox-infected blankets from smallpox-infected blankets from

Fort Pitt.Fort Pitt.

The Aftermath: The Aftermath: Tensions Along the Tensions Along the

FrontierFrontier

The Aftermath: The Aftermath: Tensions Along the Tensions Along the

FrontierFrontier

Pontiac’s Rebellion Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)(1763)

Pontiac’s Rebellion Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)(1763)

British British ProclamationProclamation Line of 1763. Line of 1763.

Colonials Colonials Paxton Boys Paxton Boys (PA)(PA)

BACKLASH!BACKLASH!BACKLASH!BACKLASH!

1.1. Sugar Act - 1764 Sugar Act - 1764

2.2. Currency Act - 1764 Currency Act - 1764

4.4. Stamp Act - 1765 Stamp Act - 1765

3.3. Quartering Act - 1765 Quartering Act - 1765

George Grenville’s George Grenville’s Program, 1763-1765Program, 1763-1765George Grenville’s George Grenville’s

Program, 1763-1765Program, 1763-1765

Real WhigsReal Whigs

Q->Q-> What was the extent of Parliament’sWhat was the extent of Parliament’s authority over the colonies?? authority over the colonies??

Absolute?Absolute? OR OR Limited?Limited?

Q->Q-> How could the colonies give or How could the colonies give or withhold consent for withhold consent for parliamentaryparliamentary legislation when they did not legislation when they did not havehave representation in that body?? representation in that body??

Theories of Theories of RepresentationRepresentation

Theories of Theories of RepresentationRepresentation

Sons of LibertySons of Liberty – – began in began in NYC:NYC:Samuel Samuel Adams Adams

Stamp Act CongressStamp Act Congress – 1765– 1765 ** Stamp Act ResolvesStamp Act Resolves

**BoycottsBoycottsDeclaratory ActDeclaratory Act – – 17661766

Stamp Act CrisisStamp Act CrisisStamp Act CrisisStamp Act Crisis

SAM ADAMS

Sons of LibertySons of LibertySons of LibertySons of Liberty

Used terrorist tactics of tar and feathering and pouring castor oil down throats

1.1. John Dickinson John Dickinson 1768 1768 ** Letters from a Farmer inLetters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania Pennsylvania..

2.2. 1768 1768 2 2ndnd non-importation non-importation movement: movement: ** “Daughters of Liberty”“Daughters of Liberty” ** spinning beesspinning bees

3.3. Riots against customs Riots against customs agents:agents: ** John Hancock’s ship, the John Hancock’s ship, the

LibertyLiberty.. ** 4000 British troops sent 4000 British troops sent to Boston. to Boston.

Colonial Response to Colonial Response to the Townshend the Townshend

DutiesDuties

Colonial Response to Colonial Response to the Townshend the Townshend

DutiesDuties