The Industrial Revolution

Timeline of the Industrial Revolution

1740 1760 1780 1800 1820 1840 1860 1880 1900 1920

New tools beginAgricultural rev

James Watt’sSteam engine

1st railroad(in England)

1845- Irish PotatoFamine

1848 – Marx’sCommunist Manifesto

1859 – Darwin’s Origin of Species

Car inventedIn Germany

1st airplane

The Agricultural Revolution

Agricultural Revolution: a change in the way food was produced

Enclosed Fields – split up and organized farms

Crop Rotation – more harvested per field

CHANGES

Better animal breeding – more food per animal

New machinery – fewer workers needed

CHANGES

RESULTS

Much more food produced with fewer workers (Fewer farm jobs)

Population grew

DOMESTIC SYSTEM FACTORY SYSTEM

Making products: At home By hand One person/family

Making products: In a factory By machine Many people

Industrial Revolution: A change in the way things were made

What a Nation needs to have Industry

Capital ($ for investment)Labor force (workers)Transportation system (materials and

products)Raw materials (especially coal, iron, &

cotton)Market (a place to sell products)

Great Britain had ALL of these things!

How Industrialization Effected Society

URBANIZATION

People moving into cities too quicklyOvercrowdingUnsafe living conditions

How the Other Half Lives

Working Conditions

Child labor: Factory owners used kids as young as 5 because you could pay them less

Long hours: 12-16 hour daysDangerous conditions: unsafe machinery & buildingspassageshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7JPmVBxs

Ta8&feature=related

Changing Social Roles

Women: either run the household or

work long hours for less pay than men

Family: Working class families

suffered; middle class families improved

Children: Unhealthy, worked in unsafe

conditions

Transportation

Greatly improvedCanals and railroads builtSteam engine increased speed

Reactions to the Industrial Revolution

Liberals Conservatives

Want changesNew republicsLaissez-faire

economy

Want stability (no change)

Old monarchiesNobles control

economy

Reactions to the Industrial Revolution

Adam Smith

Wrote The Wealth of Nations

“Laissez-Faire”Government hands off

of business

Thomas Malthus

Believed population was increasing faster than food supply

Said solution was to let the poor starve

Charles Darwin

Wrote The Origin of Species

Theory of EvolutionNatural selection –

survival of the fittest

Social Darwinism

Said the rich and powerful are the “fittest”

Used to justify racism

Used as an excuse to take advantage of working class, weak nations

Utopian Socialism Marxist Socialism

Everyone shares everything

Goal Peace and equality

Started by Karl Marx

Workers of the world unite and violently overthrow the middle class (bourgeoisie)

Goal end capitalism, create classless society

Socialism – economic system in which society owns business & everyone shares work and profits

RomanticismRealism

Late 1700sEmotion, not

reasonEx. Beautiful

landscapes

Early 1800sShow the

world as it really was

Ex. Dicken’s novels

The Arts

Impressionism

Late 1800sAnti-realismEx. Monet

Attempts to Reform Society

Sadler Report Education

Report on Child labor

Led to child labor laws

Public schools created

Get kids out of factories

Attempts to Reform Society

Suffrage

Means the right to vote

Extended to all men, then women

Labor Legislation

Safety conditions: less hours, safer machines

Women and children: less hours, safer work

Trade Unions: created to protect workers, used strikes and protests

Global MigrationsCAUSES

Political Causes

Population growth (cities too crowded)Poor living conditionsPoor working situations

Social Causes

People were leaving monarchies and wanting democracy

Improved TransportationExpanded the search for raw materialsSearch out new markets

EXAMPLES of migration

Europeans go to America for opportunity

Irish come to America due to potato famine

Essential Questions

1. How did the Agricultural Revolution support the Industrial Revolution?

More food able to feed cities; less work on farms2. How can the Industrial Revolution be considered

the major turning point in history?Huge population increase; transportation inventions; new reforms3. How did the abuses of the Industrial Revolution

lead to the competing ideologies for social change?

Ideologies compete to solve social problemsLiberal vs. Conservative Capitalism vs. Socialism

Essential Questions4. Compare and Contrast the ideas of Adam Smith and Karl Marx?

Capitalism – Adam Smith

Socialism – Karl Marx

Definition

Supporting Theory

Role of the Government

Who owns the means of production (factories & farms)

Economy without government regulation

Economy where decisionsare made by the gov’t

Laissez-FaireThe Wealth of Nations

SocialismCommunist Manifesto

Gov’t does NOT Interfere in business

Gov’t makes ALL Economic decisions

Private ownership(by ppl)

Gov’t owns allbusinesses