The LA Purchase, Manifest Destiny, The LA Purchase, Manifest Destiny, Settling the West, and the Mining BoomSettling the West, and the Mining Boom

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TSWUTSWU Wednesday Aug 24 / Thursday Aug 25 Wednesday Aug 24 / Thursday Aug 25

Examine the LA Purchase & expedition of Examine the LA Purchase & expedition of Lewis & Clark and tie them to Manifest Lewis & Clark and tie them to Manifest Destiny, while tracing the roots of ranching, Destiny, while tracing the roots of ranching, mining, and settling on the Western Frontier.mining, and settling on the Western Frontier.

Jefferson’s Offer From FranceJefferson’s Offer From France President Thomas Jefferson President Thomas Jefferson

faced an important decision faced an important decision during the summer of 1803. during the summer of 1803.

Jefferson wanted to Jefferson wanted to protect protect farmers of the Ohio River farmers of the Ohio River ValleyValley who depended on who depended on access to New Orleans.access to New Orleans.– Why was N.O. so Why was N.O. so

importantimportant?? The purchase would The purchase would ensure ensure

the US’ access to the the US’ access to the Mississippi RiverMississippi River would not would not be threatened.be threatened.

Jefferson sent Jefferson sent James James MonroeMonroe and and Robert Robert LivingstonLivingston, to negotiate , to negotiate the treaty with Napoleon. the treaty with Napoleon.

They were told to offer They were told to offer $2 million$2 million for the port, for the port, but authorized to spend but authorized to spend as much as as much as $10 million.$10 million.

When they returned, When they returned, Pres. Jefferson was Pres. Jefferson was shocked when he heard shocked when he heard Napoleon’s offer…Napoleon’s offer…

Negotiations For The LandNegotiations For The Land

Napoleon's counter Napoleon's counter offer was to sell the offer was to sell the entire territory of entire territory of Louisiana to the U.S. Louisiana to the U.S. forfor $15 million $15 million..

QuestionQuestion::– How do you spell stupid?How do you spell stupid?

The LA Purchase -1803The LA Purchase -1803

$2 Million for this…

$15 Million for all this?

Lewis and Clark ExpeditionLewis and Clark Expedition Jefferson enlisted Jefferson enlisted

Meriwether LewisMeriwether Lewis and and William ClarkWilliam Clark to to explore and map out explore and map out the territory which had the territory which had just been purchased just been purchased from Napoleon. from Napoleon.

This This Corps of DiscoveryCorps of Discovery would forever change the US would forever change the US22ndnd Part Part: Dunbar & Hunter secretly explore the : Dunbar & Hunter secretly explore the southern southern edgeedge of the purchase. of the purchase.

- Why do you think this part was - Why do you think this part was secretsecret??

Goal(s)Goal(s)

• Lewis and Clark were to provide info on the differing Flora & Fauna

• Map the Northwestern Territory of the purchase• Set the ground-work for the U.S. claim to

Oregon Territory.

1804 - Corps of Discovery1804 - Corps of Discovery

The expedition headed west up the The expedition headed west up the Missouri RiverMissouri River in May 1804. in May 1804. SacagaweaSacagawea, a Shoshone woman, , a Shoshone woman, acted as their guide.acted as their guide.

Other Native Americans helped lead the group Other Native Americans helped lead the group through a through a path in the Rocky Mountainspath in the Rocky Mountains. The . The explorers eventually traced the Columbia River to explorers eventually traced the Columbia River to the Pacific Ocean. the Pacific Ocean.

Lewis and Clark provided a wealth of info about Lewis and Clark provided a wealth of info about LA and gave the U.S. a claim to Oregon Territory.LA and gave the U.S. a claim to Oregon Territory.

Benefits of the LA PurchaseBenefits of the LA Purchase United States nearly United States nearly doubled its land massdoubled its land mass and and

became one of the world’s became one of the world’s largest countries after largest countries after the LA Purchasethe LA Purchase..– For For $15 million$15 million, about , about 4 cents per acre4 cents per acre, the U.S. got , the U.S. got

828,000 square828,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi miles of land west of the Mississippi River.River.

Eventually all or parts of Eventually all or parts of 13 new states13 new states of the U.S. of the U.S. were formed from the Louisiana Territory. The were formed from the Louisiana Territory. The territory included vast tracts of territory included vast tracts of fertile soilfertile soil and other and other natural resourcesnatural resources..– The Louisiana Purchase turned out to be a richer prize The Louisiana Purchase turned out to be a richer prize

than anyone had imagined.than anyone had imagined.

Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny With this new land, the majority of Americans were

convinced that God had ordained them to settle God had ordained them to settle from the East coast, to the West coast.from the East coast, to the West coast. This was called Manifest Destiny.– How do we know what is out there?– How do we know where to go, live, settle?– Who will lead? How will we get there?– The Corps of Discovery was to provide a wealth of new

information for those eager to go west.

However, Native AmericanNative American life was about to forever change.

GO WEST!!GO WEST!!

The federal government officially opened the The federal government officially opened the land for settlement to anyone who was land for settlement to anyone who was willing to go – willing to go – The Homestead ActThe Homestead Act..– By the millions of acres, land was given away By the millions of acres, land was given away

for for freefree!!– The only cost…The only cost…

Sometimes your life.Sometimes your life. ExplainExplain

How did White settlers affect How did White settlers affect American Indians?American Indians?

Land?Land? Food Sources?Food Sources? Natural Resources?Natural Resources? Others?Others?

The Native Americans Begin to The Native Americans Begin to Suffer the White Man’s WrathSuffer the White Man’s Wrath

Treaties begin to be written with the Indians Treaties begin to be written with the Indians on land deals. on land deals. – ProblemProblem: The Indians – as a whole – shared : The Indians – as a whole – shared

land…there was no individual ownership.land…there was no individual ownership.– ResultsResults:: Broken treaties, deprivation of hunting Broken treaties, deprivation of hunting

grounds, and the eventual settlement of every grounds, and the eventual settlement of every Indian in America living on a reservation.Indian in America living on a reservation.

Predict future reactions of American Natives Predict future reactions of American Natives towards the invading “white man”?towards the invading “white man”?

Indian Removal Act 1830Indian Removal Act 1830

President Andrew Jackson signs the Indian President Andrew Jackson signs the Indian Removal ActRemoval Act

Forces Native American tribes east of the Forces Native American tribes east of the Mississippi to move west of the Miss.Mississippi to move west of the Miss.

Trail of TearsTrail of Tears Five Civilized Tribes: Cherokee, Choctaw, Five Civilized Tribes: Cherokee, Choctaw,

Seminole, Creek, Chickasaw Seminole, Creek, Chickasaw

The Railroad!The Railroad!

Before the 1830’s most RR’s were from town-to-town…You could not travel very far.– Some were managed by different owners– You were made to change lines in each city

Transcontinental RR– Two lines: Union Pacific & Central PacificUnion Pacific & Central Pacific– Met: Promontory Point, UtahPromontory Point, Utah – When: 18691869– SignificanceSignificance: …???: …???

Farming The PlainsFarming The Plains

What are the Plains?What are the Plains?

Characteristics of the plains…Characteristics of the plains… How did the US acquire the Plains?How did the US acquire the Plains? From who did we acquire the Plains?From who did we acquire the Plains? What are some obstacles facing Plains What are some obstacles facing Plains

settlers?settlers?

““Great American Desert” or Great American Desert” or Paradise??Paradise??

•RailroadsRailroads•Homestead Act (up to Homestead Act (up to 160Acres/$10) 160Acres/$10) easy easy land…just land…just show show somethingsomething•New farming methods New farming methods (dry farming=$$)(dry farming=$$)•InventionsInventions: : steel plow, steel plow, seed drills, reapers seed drills, reapers threshing machinesthreshing machines

Agricultural InventionsAgricultural Inventions In 1837, on his own, In 1837, on his own, John John

DeereDeere designed the first designed the first cast cast steel plowsteel plow that greatly that greatly assisted the Great Plains assisted the Great Plains farmers. The large plows farmers. The large plows made for cutting the tough made for cutting the tough prairie ground were called prairie ground were called ""grasshopper plowsgrasshopper plows." The ." The plow was made of wrought plow was made of wrought iron and had a steel shareiron and had a steel share that could cut through that could cut through sticky soil without clogging. sticky soil without clogging. By 1855, John Deere's By 1855, John Deere's factory was selling over factory was selling over 10,000 steel plows a year. 10,000 steel plows a year.

Agricultural InventionsAgricultural Inventions

Threshing machinesThreshing machines

– Designed for rapidly removing the Designed for rapidly removing the husks from grain husks from grain

– Were such an advance that soon Were such an advance that soon many farms had them. It should also many farms had them. It should also be remembered that, in summer, the be remembered that, in summer, the laborers were served beer, the only laborers were served beer, the only safe cool drink available, and each safe cool drink available, and each man would consume around six man would consume around six pints in a day in the hot weather.pints in a day in the hot weather.

– Results of Alcohol and Machines??? Results of Alcohol and Machines???

Agriculture RevolutionAgriculture Revolution

Crop ProductionCrop Production

Food on the TableFood on the Table

Caloric IntakeCaloric Intake

Healthier Parents (Women ***)Healthier Parents (Women ***)

Healthier BabiesHealthier BabiesDecreasesDecreases IMR IMR

PopulationPopulation

…???

MiningMining

Settlement of mountain states in west: Think Settlement of mountain states in west: Think Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny– News of a strike would cause a BOOM and a stampede News of a strike would cause a BOOM and a stampede

of of prospectorsprospectors to a region - to a region - seeking wealth and richesseeking wealth and riches BOOMBOOM town go from little to a lot within a matter of town go from little to a lot within a matter of

hours…sometimes overnighthours…sometimes overnight– Comstock LodeComstock Lode -pure silver found in Colorado -pure silver found in Colorado– Pikes PeakPikes Peak or Bust or Bust – 1849 California Gold Rush1849 California Gold Rush

Singing Time!!!Singing Time!!!

All The Gold…All The Gold…(Chorus)

All the gold in California Is in a bank in the middle of Beverly Hills in

somebody else’s name So if you’re dreaming about California

It don’t matter at all where you played before, California’s a brand new game

Trying to be a hero, winding up a zero Can scar a man forever, right down to your soul Living on the spot light, can kill a man out right

Cause everything that glitters is not gold

All The Gold…All The Gold…

And all the gold in California Is in a bank in the middle of Beverly Hills in

somebody else’s name So if you’re dreaming about California It don’t matter at all where you played

before, California’s a brand new game

(Repeat Chorus)

Ranching and Cattle DrivesRanching and Cattle Drives

Cattle ranches on Great American Desert? Cattle ranches on Great American Desert? – How when there was little water and woozy cattle from How when there was little water and woozy cattle from

the east couldn’t survive.the east couldn’t survive. MexicansMexicans introduced introduced Longhorns Longhorns in what is now in what is now

SW USA. There were over 5 million in Texas by SW USA. There were over 5 million in Texas by 1865.1865.– Open RangeOpen Range -vast amts of land that was free for -vast amts of land that was free for

everyone to useeveryone to use Cattle drives & TrailsCattle drives & Trails

– Chisholm Trail to towns like Abilene, Dodge City and Chisholm Trail to towns like Abilene, Dodge City and Sedalia: people in East were flippin’ hungry!! Sedalia: people in East were flippin’ hungry!!

Cattle drives & Trails - Chisholm Trail to towns like Abilene, Dodge City and Cattle drives & Trails - Chisholm Trail to towns like Abilene, Dodge City and Sedalia: people in East were flippin’ hungry Sedalia: people in East were flippin’ hungry

RANGE WARS and barbed wire (1000’s of acres)RANGE WARS and barbed wire (1000’s of acres) After the Civil War RR’s began to come further and further West resulting After the Civil War RR’s began to come further and further West resulting

in…in… The end of the cattle boomThe end of the cattle boom……

– Over production of cattle Over production of cattle Drop in price Drop in price Lower demand Lower demand– Barbed wire Barbed wire Closed range Closed range Severe winter/drought of 1885-1886 Severe winter/drought of 1885-1886– Railroads in the west Railroads in the west Cheaper transportation to the East Cheaper transportation to the East

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