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The Nervous System Slide 2 The central nervous system (CNS ) Brain cranial nerves spinal cord The peripheral nervous system (PNS) Sensory (afferent) neurons Motor (efferent) neurons Slide 3 skull Slide 4 Slide 5 Slide 6 Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain Slide 7 Slide 8 Slide 9 Slide 10 Slide 11 Slide 12 Slide 13 Slide 14 Slide 15 Slide 16 Slide 17 Slide 18 The BBB is anatomical and physiological barrier between brain and circulation. Molecular size Lipid solubility Molecular charge Concentration differences Specialized transport mechanism Slide 19 Slide 20 Aluminum Neuropathy: degenerative changes in cortex Arsenic Neuropathy : axonal degeneration in PNS Methanol Neuropathy : degeneration in ganglion cells Methylmercury Neuropathy : neural degeneration Acrylamide Axonopathy : axonal degeneration Lead Neuropathy : brain swelling, axonal loss CarbontetrachlorideNeuropathy Slide 21 Motor neurons: Muscle dysfunction, paralysis Interneurons: Memmory, learning coordination Sensory neurons: Dysfunction in vision,hearing, and senses,temperature,pressure,touch,taste,smell and pain. Slide 22 Block the release of neurotransmitter (Botulinum). Produce uncontrolled release of neurotransmittor. Block impulse conduction along axons (anesthesia). Activate synaptic function (nicotine). Block synaptic function by interfering with normal calcium channel (lead, cobalt). Block reuptake or breakdown of neurotrasmittor resulting in receptor overstimulation (cocaine). Slide 23