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Aim: Why did the Europeans partition Africa?

After Today’s Lesson I will be able to….. 1) Discuss the role explorers played in mapping Africa 2) Describe the scramble for colonies

Color and Label your “Partition of Africa Map”using this map as a guide.

Missionaries Christian and Protestant missionaries followed explorers all through Africa, They sought to win the African natives to Christianity. !  Set up Churches, Clinics, and Schools for the natives.

!  Paternalistic View of Africans- Saw them as “Children” in need of guidance.

Mungo Park and Richard Burton- mapped out the course and source of the great Congo, Nile, and Niger Rivers.

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Dr. Livingstone- best known explorer/missionary, spent 30 years exploring the African continent. Was friendly and well-liked by the natives, wrote much about the African cultures.

Henry Stanley- British journalist trekked through central Africa exploring and looking for Livingstone Famous quote: “Dr. Livingstone I presume?”

King Leopold II of Belgium

Hired Henry Stanley to Explore the Congo River basin and arrange trade treaties with African leaders. Leopold II’s activities in the Congo Set off a scramble by other European Nations rivaling for land in Africa.

! To avoid bloodshed over African territory, European nations meet at the Berlin Conference.

! No Africans were invited.

! European powers recognized Leopold II’s private claims to the Congo, but called for free trade on the Congo and Niger Rivers.

! Agreed that no European power could claim any part of Africa unless they had set up a government office there.

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! Leopold and other wealthy Belgians exploited the riches of the Congo- Rubber, Copper, and Ivory. ! Villagers of the Congo worked for almost nothing. If you refused to work you would be savagely beaten or your hands or ears would be amputated by the wealthy Belgians.

!  After hearing of the atrocities of the Congo, international outrage forced Leopold to turn over his colony to the Belgian government.

! The worst of the abuses were ended, yet the Belgians still exploited the Congo for their own enrichment.

France

! Ruled a large area in North Africa French colonies along Mediterranean coast, Tunisia, west and central Africa

! Invaded and conquered Algeria resulting in thousands of

French and Algerian deaths. Britain ! Ruled over smaller scattered areas of Africa compared to

France BUT, these were heavily populated areas with many rich resources. (South Africa, Egypt)

•  Britain acquired the Cape Colony for the Dutch in 1806. The Boers-Dutch farmers resented British rule, they migrated north and formed their own republics.

•  The Boers discovered gold and diamonds in the their Republics. The British wanted a piece of the riches, this set off a bitter guerilla war between the Boers and the British, ending in a British victory.

•  In 1910 the British united the Cape Colony with former Boer Republics in to the Union of South Africa. The new constitution set up a gov.t run by white and laid the foundation for a system of complete racial segregation.

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! Portuguese- colonies in Angola and Mozambique ! Italy- occupied Libya, controlled territory in the “horn”

of Africa, southern end of Red Sea

! Germany- took lands in eastern and southwestern

Imagine you were an African native going about your daily life, when all of a sudden a group of imperialistic Europeans came into your village. They speak a foreign language, they are waving weapons you have never seen before, they are imposing on your land and your people. How would you feel? How would you react? Would you cooperate with the Europeans or rebel against them?